DocketNumber: Docket No. 787-79.
Citation Numbers: 42 T.C.M. 1292, 1981 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 172, 1981 T.C. Memo. 570, 2 Employee Benefits Cas. (BNA) 2045
Filed Date: 9/30/1981
Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 11/20/2020
MEMORANDUM FINDINGS OF FACT AND OPINION
GOFFE,
(1) whether petitioners may deduct, pursuant to
(2) whether petitioners are entitled to exclude from gross income any of the amount of a distribution they received from Ford Motor Company's Savings & Stock Investment Plan (SSIP) in 1976.
FINDINGS OF FACT
Some of the facts have been stipulated. The stipulation of facts, together with the exhibits attached thereto, are incorporated herein by this reference.
Petitioners timely filed their 1976 joint Federal income tax return with the Internal Revenue Service. At the time they filed their petition herein, they resided in Wayzata, Minnesota.
On May 30, 1976, petitioners executed a Purchase Agreement for the Residence., At that time, the construction of the Residence was substantially complete. By July 21, 1976, construction was entirely completed. On that date, petitioners completed the purchase by executing a Settlement Statement. The*174 seller and builder of the Residence was one Ronald W. Hockridge (Hockridge). The Purchase Agreement and Settlement Statement were standard form documents and stated the total purchase price (the "contract sales price") of the Residence to be $ 86,700. Each document was executed by Hockridge as seller and owner and by petitioners as purchasers.
Petitioners purchased none of the materials and supplies used in the construction of the Residence; these were all purchased by Hockridge or pursuant to subcontracts entered into by him.
On their 1976 return, petitioners claimed a deduction of $ 1,294 for the portion of the cost of the Residence attributable to Minnesota state sales taxes paid upon the purchase and sale of the various building materials and supplies used in its construction.
During the years 1962 through 1976, petitioner Frank E. Belline was employed by Ford Motor Company and participated in Ford's Savings & Stock Investment Plan (SSIP) which was a qualified Employee Stock Ownership Plan. In 1976, petitioners received a distribution from the SSIP, $ 809 of which they included in their gross income for that year.
The following table reflects relevant data from year-end*175 statements rendered to petitioner Frank E. Belline by the Plan:
STATEMENT DATE | |||
12/31/72 | |||
Year | Amount of | ||
Contribution | Employee | Shares | Shares |
Made | Contribution | Purchased 1 | Purchased |
1969 | $ 1,356 | 29.9556 | 4.9167 |
1970 | 1,680 | 37.6477 | 4.6423 |
1971 | 2,010 | 31.5789 | 1.7978 |
1972 | 2,184 | 31.4858 | .5264 |
1973 | 2,384 | ||
1974 | 2,608 | ||
1975 | 2,792 | ||
1976 | 3,435 |
STATEMENT DATE | ||
12/31/74 | ||
Year | ||
Contribution | Shares | Shares |
Made | Purchased | Purchased |
1969 | 29.9556 | 9.9017 |
1970 | 37.6477 | 10.6877 |
1971 | ||
1972 | 31.4858 | 5.1025 |
1973 | 42.0811 | 4.5022 |
1974 | 63.5921 | 1.8415 |
1975 | ||
1976 |
STATEMENT DATE | STATEMENT DATE | |||
12/31/75 | 12/31/76 | |||
Year | ||||
Contribution | Shares | Shares | Shares | Shares |
Made | Purchased | Purchased | Purchased | Purchased |
1969 | 29.9556 | 12.6956 | 29.9556 | 14.8184 |
1970 | 37.6477 | 14.0760 | 37.6477 | 16.6503 |
1971 | ||||
1972 | ||||
1973 | 42.0811 | 7.7675 | ||
1974 | 63.5921 | 6.3997 | 63.5921 | 9.8834 |
1975 | 71.3076 | 1.6224 | 71.3076 | 5.2398 |
1976 | 60.4740 | 1.1545 |
*176 Prior to September 20, 1979, the Internal Revenue Service took the position that a distribution from the SSIP of stock attributable to a given contribution (or "class) year to a participant was taxable to the extent that it exceeded the amount contributed in such class year, regardless of what amounts had been contributed in other years. On September 20, 1979, the Internal Revenue Service issued a private ruling letter to the SSIP in which it changed its position, permitting any distribution to be offset by the total of employee contributions from all years which had not been already used to offset prior distributions. On March 1, 1980, after the petition herein was filed, petitioners filed an amended return for,
The Commissioner determined in the statutory notice of deficiency that petitioners were entitled to no deduction for the sales taxes paid upon the purchase*177 by Hockridge or his subcontractors of the building materials and supplies used in constructing the Residence. Petitioners claim that not only is there no deficiency as alleged in the determination but that they actually overpaid their 1976 tax on account of their erroneous inclusion in gross income of the $ 809 portion of the 1976 distribution from the SSIP.
OPINION
Petitioners purchased a house (the Residence) from its builder, whose purchases of building materials and supplies used in constructing the Residence gave rise to Minnesota state sales tax. Petitioners claim that they are entitled to deduct such sales taxes in 1976, the year they purchased the Residence.
The pertinent parts of
(a) GENERAL RULE.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, the following taxes shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year within which paid or accrued:
(1) State and local, and foreign, real property taxes.
(2) State and local personal property taxes.
(3) State and local, and foreign, income, war profits, and excess profits taxes.
(4) State and local general sales taxes.
*178 (5) State and local taxes on the sale of gasoline, diesel fuel, and other motor fuels.
In addition, there shall be allowed as a deduction State and local, and foreign, taxes not described in the preceding sentence which are paid or accrued within the taxable year in carrying on a trade or business or an activity described in section 212 (relating to expenses for production of income).
(b) DEFINITIONS AND SPECIAL RULES.--For purposes of this section--
(5) SEPARATELY STATED GENERAL SALES TAXES AND GASOLINE TAXES.--If the amount of any general sales tax * * * is separately stated, then to the extent that the amount so stated is paid by the consumer (otherwise than in connection with the consumer's trade or business) to his seller, such amount shall be treated as a tax imposed on, and paid by, such consumer.
The Income Tax Regulations provide:
SEC. 1.164-3. Definitions and special rules.
(e)
(2) In general, the term "consumer" means the ultimate user or purchaser; it does not include a purchaser such as a retailer, who acquires the property for resale.
SEC. 1.164-5. Certain retail sales taxes and gasoline taxes.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 1963, only the amount of any separately stated State and local general sales tax * * * paid by the consumer (other than in connection with his trade or business) is deductible by the consumer as tax. The fact that, under the law imposing it, the incidence of such State or local tax does not fall on the consumer is immaterial. The requirement that the amount of tax must be separately stated will be deemed complied with where it clearly appears that at the time of sale to the consumer, the tax was added to the sales price and collected or charged as a separate item. It is not necessary, for the purpose of this section, that the consumer be furnished with a sales slip, bill, invoice, or other statement on which the tax is separately stated. For example, where the law imposing the State or local tax for which the taxpayer seeks a deduction contains a prohibition against the seller absorbing*180 the tax, or a provision requiring a posted notice stating that the tax will be added to the quoted price, or a requirement that the tax be separately stated on all bills and invoices, it is presumed that the amount of the State or local tax was separately stated at the time paid by the consumer; * * *
Generally, taxes are deductible only by the person upon whom they are imposed.
Petitioners have the burden of proving that they as ultimate consumers paid the sales taxes within the meaning of
297A.01 Definitions
Subdivision 1. The following words, terms, and phrases when used in
Subdivision 4. A "retail sale" or "sale at retail" means a sale for any purpose other than resale in the regular course of business. Property utilized by the owner only by leasing such property to others or by holding it in an effort to so lease it, and which is put to no use by the owner other than resale after such lease or effort to lease, shall be considered property purchased for resale. Sales of building materials, supplies and equipment to owners, contractors, subcontractors or builders for the erection of buildings or the alteration, repair or improvement of real property are "retail sales" or "sales at retail" in whatever quantity sold and whether or not for purpose of resale in the form of real property or*182 otherwise.
297A.02 Imposition of tax
Except as otherwise provided in Extra Session, Laws 1971, Chapter 31, article 1, there is hereby imposed an excise tax of four percent of the gross receipts from sales at retail, as hereinbefore defined, made by any person in this state after October 31, 1971. * * *
In
As the sales tax is imposed upon the contractor, it would follow that, were the contractor in fact merely an agent of the person constructing the building, the sales tax might be viewed as actually being imposed*183 upon the latter. See
It is clear to us, however, that no such agency existed. The only legal documents in evidence indicate that the transaction was a simple, routine sale of residential real estate by Hockridge to petitioners. There is no evidence that Hockridge was ever contracted by petitioners to build the Residence
It follows from the above discussion that sales taxes were not imposed upon the petitioners within the meaning of
The Income Tax Regulations quoted above provide that a sales tax is a tax imposed*185 upon persons engaged in selling tangible personal property or upon the consumers of such property. What petitioners bought and paid for, however, was not tangible
The Supreme Court of Minnesota holds that
reflects a legislative determination that construction contractors, subcontractors, and builders are the ultimate users of building materials and supplies. This determination is entirely reasonable since once the contractor, subcontractor, or builder has incorporated the materials or supplies into a building, the materials and supplies lose their identity as personal property and become part of the realty.
In 1976, petitioner received distributions from Ford's SSIP. The Commissioner originally took the position at the time that this and similar distributions were taxable to the extent they exceeded the contributions which the employee made during the year in which the distributed stock was purchased with such contributions. Thus, for example, if in 1976 a taxpayer received stock which had been purchased with his 1973 contributions, he would have reported, under the Commissioner's prior view, gross income measured by the excess (if any) of the fair market value of the distributed stock over the amount*187 of 1973 contributions. However, as of September 20, 1979, the Commissioner by private ruling letter to the SSIP took a new position, allowing any stock distribution to be offset not only by contributions made during the year of purchase but also by the total of contributions for all previous and subsequent years which had not been used to offset prior distributions (the "unused contribution balance"). Respondent does not dispute the validity of this new position but claims that the petitioner has not adequately substantiated that as of 1976 his unused contribution balance was great enough to offset more of the distribution than had been offset in arriving at the $ 809 figure which petitioners originally included in their 1976 gross income. We agree.
Petitioners submitted in evidence some year-end statements of the SSIP, several of which have been abstracted into the chart in the findings of fact. The statements only listed SSIP assets attributable to petitioner Frank Belline's contributions; there was no record of distributions made.
Petitioner submitted a worksheet which he used in filing his amended 1976 return 3 and pursuant to which he arrived at an unused contribution*188 balance of $ 19,893 as of 1976. In computing this, he simply added all of his contributions since 1962 without taking into account the amount of any pre-1976 distributions offset by such contributions. A cursory perusal of the chart in the findings of facts reveals, however, that there
To reflect the foregoing,
1. All section references are to the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, unless otherwise specified.↩
1. Shares purchased with contribution made in such year and still held as of relevant statement date.
In fact, petitioners did not sign a purchase agreement until the construction work was nearly complete. There is no evidence of any prior agreements or even dealings between the parties, e.g., a construction contract or agency agreement.
3. We treat this as a claim for overpayment, as it was filed after the petition herein. See sec. 6512.↩