DocketNumber: Docket No. 14029-13.
Citation Numbers: 2015 T.C. Memo. 13, 109 T.C.M. 1056, 2015 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 24
Filed Date: 1/21/2015
Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 4/18/2021
Decision will be entered for respondent as to the deficiency and the addition to tax under
RUWE,
Some of the facts have been stipulated and are so found. The stipulation of facts and the attached exhibits are incorporated herein by this reference.
Petitioner resided in Tennessee at the time he filed his petition.
Petitioner married Ms. Marshall on February 3, 1973. On June 9, 2005,*25 Ms. Marshall filed a complaint for absolute divorce in the Family and Probate Court of Cumberland County, Tennessee (family and probate court). On the same date, the family and probate court issued a notice of injunction to both petitioner and Ms. Marshall enjoining the parties from, among other things, transferring, assigning, borrowing against, concealing, or dissipating marital property without the consent of the other party. The notice of injunction also required each party to maintain *15 records of all expenditures and to make the records available to the other party upon request.
Sometime in 2005 Ms. Marshall's attorney prepared an initial draft of a marital dissolution agreement (draft MDA) which purportedly outlined responsibilities for petitioner and Ms. Marshall. Among the responsibilities discussed in the draft MDA was the payment of alimony from petitioner to Ms. Marshall. The draft MDA provided that petitioner would pay Ms. Marshall $6,000 per month in alimony; however, petitioner "wanted it reduced to around $2500 a month". Because petitioner and Ms. Marshall disagreed on the amount of the monthly alimony payment, neither party signed the draft MDA.3*26
On June 27, 2006, the family and probate court issued a decree of divorce, awarding Ms. Marshall an absolute divorce and reserving all other issues for future determination.
During 2006 petitioner and Ms. Marshall lived separately. In 2005 petitioner went to work as a subcontractor and estimator in New Orleans, Louisiana, and continued to work there in 2006. During 2006 petitioner made payments to Ms. Marshall totaling $37,000. Petitioner prepared a typewritten ledger listing payments he claimed to have made during 2006 to Ms. Marshall *16 from his bank accounts. These payments to Ms. Marshall were in the form of either checks or transfers from petitioner's Regions personal account (Regions), Regions MCI Cumberland account (Regions MCI), or Whitney Bank account (Whitney Bank) as follows:
01/09/20061 | heck Counter | Regions | $2,000 |
01/13/2006 | heck 102 | Regions | 2,000 |
01/20/2006 | heck 103 | Regions | 2,000 |
02/16/2006 | heck 111 | Regions | 2,000 |
03/22/2006 | heck 117 | Regions | 2,000 |
03/30/2006 | ransfer 3763464 | Regions | 2,000 |
05/03/2006 | heck 134 | Regions | 4,000 |
06/12/2006 | ransfer 0247164 | Regions | 4,000 |
09/15/2006 | ransfer 7461422 | Regions | 4,000 |
10/20/2006 | heck 104 | Whitney Bank | 4,000 |
11/21/2006 | heck*27 177 | Regions | 2,000 |
11/27/2006 | ransfer 3668320 | Regions | 2,000 |
12/18/2006 | ransfer 5338670 | Regions MCI | |
Total | 37,000 |
1 On brief respondent contends that this payment has not been substantiated.
On June 5, 2007, the family and probate court issued an amended final decree of divorce which incorporated a written MDA (final MDA) into the decree of divorce and ordered petitioner and Ms. Marshall to comply with the provisions *17 of the final MDA.4 Pertaining to alimony, paragraph 20 of the final MDA provides: 20. Said monthly payment shall continue with adjustment to decrease the alimony in an amount equivalent to the earned income of * * * [Ms. Marshall]. Adjustment of the alimony will be determined from the gross income of * * * [Ms. Marshall] on an annual basis or in advance if deemed appropriate by one or both of the parties. Alimony will not exceed Four Thousand Five Hundred ($4,500.00) Dollars per month. If * * * [Ms. Marshall] should remarry, said payments shall*28 be adjusted accordingly by decreasing the alimony in an amount equivalent to the earned income of * * * [Ms. Marshall]. The alimony may be adjusted on an animal [sic] basis or in advance if deemed appropriate by one or both parties. * * * [Ms. Marshall] shall provide to * * * [petitioner], upon written or electronic request a verification of income for the adjustment of alimony payments. Alimony payments will terminate on the death of * * * [petitioner]. Alimony payments will not terminate on the remarriage of * * * [Ms. Marshall]. Said payments will terminate on the death of * * * [Ms. Marshall].
Petitioner did not file his 2006 Federal income tax return until September 19, 2011. On line 31 of the return, petitioner claimed an alimony deduction of*29 $36,0005 and listed Ms. Marshall's taxpayer identification number as the recipient's Social Security number.
On March 28, 2013, respondent issued to petitioner a notice of deficiency disallowing the $36,000 alimony deduction for 2006.6 Petitioner timely filed a petition disputing respondent's determinations in the notice of deficiency.
As a general rule, the Commissioner's determinations in the notice of deficiency are presumed correct, and the taxpayer bears the burden of proving that the determinations are in error.
The issue for decision is what amount, if any, petitioner is entitled to as an alimony deduction on his 2006 Federal income tax return.*30 Petitioner argues that he made payments totaling $37,000 to Ms. Marshall in 2006. Petitioner further argues that the payments are alimony pursuant to the terms of the draft MDA created by Ms. Marshall's attorney in 2005 and, thus, properly deductible from his 2006 gross income. Respondent argues that petitioner made payments totaling $35,000 to Ms. Marshall in 2006. However, respondent argues that the payments do not meet the Code's definition of alimony because there was no divorce or separation agreement in place between petitioner and Ms. Marshall during petitioner's 2006 taxable year that specified alimony to be paid.
*20 (1) In general.--The term "alimony or separate maintenance payment" means any payment in cash if-- (A) such payment is received by (or*31 on behalf of) a spouse under a divorce or separation instrument, (B) the divorce or separation instrument does not designate such payment as a payment which is not includible in gross income under this section and not allowable as a deduction under (C) in the case of an individual legally separated from his spouse under a decree of divorce or of separate maintenance, the payee spouse and the payor spouse are not members of the same household at the time such payment is made, and (D) there is no liability to make any such payment for any period after the death of the payee spouse and there is no liability to make any payment (in cash or property) as a substitute for such payments after the death of the payee spouse.
The principal dispute between the parties concerns
(A) a decree of divorce or separate maintenance or a written instrument incident to such a decree, (B) a written separation agreement, or (C) a decree (not described in subparagraph (A)) requiring a spouse to make payments for the support or maintenance of the other spouse.
The term "written separation agreement" is not defined in the Code, the applicable regulations, or in the legislative history.
*23 Letters which do not show a meeting of the minds between the parties cannot collectively constitute a written separation agreement.
Petitioner contends that he is entitled to an alimony deduction of $37,000 for payments he made to Ms. Marshall during 2006 because the payments "were made pursuant to * * * [the draft] MDA, verbally attested to, and later clarified through a written 2006 Divorce Decree and oral stipulation and a 2007 Amended Divorce Decree and * * * [final] MDA." To the contrary, respondent contends that none of the payments petitioner made to Ms. Marshall during 2006 were deductible alimony pursuant to a written separation agreement.
We agree with respondent for the following reasons. First, the most that can be said about the draft MDA is that it contemplated a prospective course of action concerning alimony which was never agreed to by the parties. Although the draft MDA was not introduced at trial, petitioner testified credibly that the draft MDA was prepared by Ms. Marshall's attorney in 2005 and that it included provisions *24 concerning the payment of alimony by petitioner to Ms. Marshall. However, the draft MDA was never signed by the parties because*35 they failed to reach an agreement on a crucial term: the monthly amount of alimony to be paid by petitioner to Ms. Marshall. The draft MDA was simply the beginning of a negotiating process between petitioner and Ms. Marshall. What triggered the breakdown in their negotiations was that Ms. Marshall was seeking more while petitioner wanted to pay less. As petitioner stated: "We couldn't agree on the amounts. * * * I wanted to pay less. She wanted me to pay more." At best, the draft MDA was nothing more than a unilateral offer by Ms. Marshall to enter into a separation agreement, and there was no mutual assent by the parties.
Second, there was no meeting of the minds between petitioner and Ms. Marshall with respect to alimony until the parties signed the final MDA on May 23, 2007. As previously discussed, the draft MDA was not signed by the parties because they were unable to agree on a monthly alimony amount. On June 27, 2006, the family and probate court entered an initial decree of divorce; however, the decree of divorce expressly reserved determination of all other issues (i.e., alimony) for a future date. The May 23, 2007, final MDA is the first document *25 that establishes*36 the payment of alimony and is signed by the parties. Paragraph 20 of the final MDA, as incorporated into the final amended decree of divorce, provides that petitioner "shall pay to * * * [Ms. Marshall], A written instrument, therefore, has always been required under this statute. Congress was interested in requiring a clear statement of the separation agreement so it could be determined with certainty the amount of payments to be included in the wife's income and the allowable corresponding deduction available to the husband. * * *
Respondent determined that petitioner is liable for an addition to tax under
Petitioner's 2006 Federal income tax return was due April 17, 2007. Petitioner filed his 2006 return on September 19, 2011. Therefore, respondent has satisfied his burden of production with respect to the
Petitioner argues that he was unable to timely prepare and file his 2006 tax return because he temporarily worked in New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Petitioner further argues that he traveled back and forth between New Orleans and Tennessee during 2005 and 2006, which caused his necessary records to be in different places--namely, in New Orleans and in the custody of Ms. Marshall in Tennessee. This Court has previously held that traveling related to a busy work schedule does not constitute reasonable cause for the untimely filing of a tax return.
In reaching our decision, we have considered all arguments made by the parties, and to the extent not mentioned or addressed, they are irrelevant or without merit.
To reflect the foregoing,
1. Unless otherwise indicated, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code (Code) in effect for the year in issue, and all Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure.↩
2. On brief respondent concedes that petitioner is not liable for the
3. The draft MDA was not available to be introduced as evidence.
4. According to petitioner there were "no substantial changes" between the draft MDA and the final MDA, other than the amount of alimony payable to Ms. Marshall.↩
5. At trial and on brief, petitioner argues that he paid $37,000 in alimony to Ms. Marshall during 2006. However, petitioner claimed a $36,000 alimony deduction on his 2006 tax return. Petitioner has not provided any explanation for this $1,000 discrepancy.↩
6. In the notice of deficiency, respondent also disallowed itemized deductions of $720. Petitioner does not dispute that adjustment.↩
New Colonial Ice Co. v. Helvering , 54 S. Ct. 788 ( 1934 )
Welch v. Helvering , 54 S. Ct. 8 ( 1933 )
Indopco, Inc. v. Commissioner , 112 S. Ct. 1039 ( 1992 )
Estate of Hill v. Commissioner , 59 T.C. 846 ( 1973 )
Jacklin v. Commissioner , 79 T.C. 340 ( 1982 )