Tyrone Musgrave v. State of Tennessee

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Assigned on Briefs October 6, 2015
TYRONE MUSGRAVE v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Madison County
No. C13353 Donald H. Allen, Judge
No. W2014-01853-CCA-R3-PC - Filed November 24, 2015
The Petitioner, Tyrone Musgrave, appeals from the denial of post-conviction relief arising
from his guilty plea to one count of burglary, a Class D felony, and one count of
retaliation for past action, a Class E felony. On appeal, he argues that he received
ineffective assistance of counsel in relation to his guilty pleas because counsel did not
spend adequate time meeting with him and failed to fully explain the consequences of his
plea agreement. Upon review, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
CAMILLE R. MCMULLEN, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which THOMAS T.
WOODALL, P.J. and ROBERT L. HOLLOWAY, J., joined.
Gregory D. Gookin, Jackson, Tennessee, for the Defendant-Appellant, Tyrone Musgrave.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Jonathan H. Wardle, Assistant
Attorney General; Jerry Woodall, District Attorney General; and Shaun A. Brown,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the Appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
On May 20, 2013, the Petitioner entered a plea of guilty to retaliation for past
action and burglary. He received a two-year sentence for the conviction for retaliation for
past action and two and a half years for the burglary conviction. The sentences were
ordered to be served consecutively because the Petitioner was charged with burglary
while he was released on bond for the retaliation for past action charge.1 In sum, the
Petitioner received a total effective sentence of four years and six months, as a Range I
1
The Petitioner also entered guilty pleas to eight misdemeanor charges on the same day.
However, the Petitioner does not challenge the validity of those convictions on appeal.
offender, in the Tennessee Department of Correction. On appeal, the Petitioner claims he
received ineffective assistance of counsel only in relation to his guilty pleas to retaliation
for past action and burglary.2
Guilty Plea Hearing. At the May 20, 2013 plea submission hearing, the
Petitioner testified that he was not under the influence of drugs or alcohol, he was
entering his guilty plea voluntarily, he understood the terms of his negotiated plea
agreement, and he had not been threatened or pressured into entering his guilty pleas.
The Petitioner also testified that he had been advised of all possible legal defenses by his
attorney and he was satisfied with the representation he had received.
The court informed the Petitioner of his rights, and the rights he was giving up by
entering a guilty plea as well as the terms of his negotiated plea agreement. The trial
court specifically advised the Petitioner of the range of punishments available for each
conviction and the amount of pretrial jail credit that would be applied to his sentence.
The State then summarized the proof supporting the Petitioner‟s guilty plea to
retaliation for past action:
[T]he State would show at trial that on or about September 14th of 2012
that [the Petitioner] did commit the offense of retaliation for past action by
threatening to harm a witness, Beverly Kinnie, by committing an unlawful
act against her. The State would show at trial that [the Petitioner] was
charged or was accused of assaulting Ms. Kinnie‟s father in the early
morning hours of September 15th, 2012. Mr. Musgrave then called Ms.
Kinnie and threatened to get back at her for being a witness and
participating in having him reported by shooting up her house and her
husband. That did place her in fear and she did notify officers then once
she had received the threat.
Regarding the burglary charge, the State summarized the proof as follows:
2
In Petitioner‟s pro se petition for post-conviction relief, and in his brief to this court, the
Petitioner challenges the validity of his guilty pleas for burglary and retaliation for past action. At the
hearing on the Petitioner‟s motion, both the Petitioner and his post-conviction counsel acknowledged that
the Petitioner only sought relief as to the retaliation for past action conviction. Accordingly, the
Petitioner has arguably waived any challenge to his burglary conviction. See T.C.A. § 40–30–110(f)
(“There is a rebuttable presumption that a ground for relief not raised before a court of competent
jurisdiction in which the ground could have been presented is waived.”). However, because both
convictions were challenged in the original petition as well as in the Petitioner‟s brief, and because the
State does not argue that the Petitioner waived consideration of this issue, we will address the validity of
the guilty pleas in both cases. See Tenn. R. App. P. 13(b) Advisory Comm‟n Cmts.
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The State would show at trial that [the Petitioner] did unlawfully enter a
building being a storage building belonging to Mr. Blazer with the intent to
take that property and that he did unlawfully and knowingly attempt to steal
property over the value of $500 being a generator without Mr. Blazer‟s
permission and that he was unlawfully remaining on that property or
entering that property without Mr. Blazer‟s permission. All of this
occurred on September 28, 2012[,] and occurred in Madison County,
Tennessee.
The Petitioner acknowledged that he had committed the aforementioned acts and
that he was pleading guilty to the charged offenses. When asked by the trial court if he
had any questions regarding his plea agreement, the Petitioner responded that he did not
have any questions, and was “ready to go.”
Approximately six months later, on December 16, 2013, the Petitioner filed a pro
se petition for post-conviction relief alleging that he had received ineffective assistance of
counsel in connection with his guilty pleas to burglary and retaliation for past action.
After determining that the petition presented a colorable claim for relief, the post-
conviction court assigned counsel and set the matter for an evidentiary hearing.
Post-Conviction Hearing. At the September 4, 2014 post-conviction hearing, the
Petitioner testified that counsel failed to adequately investigate the facts supporting his
charge for retaliation for past conduct and failed to interview the State‟s main witness.
The Petitioner further claimed that counsel failed to adequately explain the terms of his
plea agreement, never discussed the strengths and weaknesses of the state‟s case with
him, and met with him only twice prior to his plea hearing. The Petitioner also claimed
that he did not fully understand the trial court‟s explanation of the consequences of his
plea agreement because he had gotten into a fight with “some gang members” prior to his
plea hearing. The Petitioner acknowledged, however, that he did not inform the court or
counsel of this fight at the plea hearing. The Petitioner testified that he decided to plead
guilty after being advised by counsel that he would likely receive a longer sentence if
convicted at trial. Ultimately, the Petitioner claims that he would have proceeded to trial
on both his retaliation for past action case and the burglary case if counsel had adequately
investigated the facts of the case and explained to him the consequences of his plea
agreement.
Trial counsel testified that she was retained to represent the Petitioner in February
of 2013. She testified that the Petitioner continued to pick up new charges after she was
retained and that each time he picked up a new charge she would meet with the Petitioner
to discuss the new case, the potential defenses, and likelihood of success. In total,
counsel estimated she met with the Petitioner “four or five times.” Counsel further
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testified that she was initially presented a plea offer of six years, which she was able to
negotiate down to four and a half years. She testified that she explained the terms of this
plea agreement to the Petitioner in detail prior to the Petitioner deciding to accept the
offer.
I explained everything in detail and we went over the plea agreement.
Actually the offer that [the State] had initially sent me was detailed just
how the plea agreement was with each charge broken down and the
punishment and the range. I went to the jail and went over that with him
and showed him that and on the date of the plea that he signed, I went over
it again and made sure he understood what the possibilities were, what he
was signing to and things of that nature.
Finally, counsel testified that the Petitioner never expressed that he wanted to go to
trial on any of his cases, but instead the Petitioner “kept saying that he wanted
probation[.]” This testimony is supported by the Petitioner himself, who testified that his
goal in retaining counsel was “trying [to] get a little probation.”
At the conclusion of the hearing, the post-conviction court took the matter under
advisement. On September 16, 2014, the court entered a written order denying post-
conviction relief. In the order, the court found that the Petitioner failed to prove the
allegations in his petition by clear and convincing evidence. The court also found that the
Petitioner‟s decision to enter a guilty plea was made freely and knowingly, with a full
understanding that he would be required to serve an effective sentence of four and a half
years with a thirty percent release eligibility status. The court noted that the Petitioner
had been fully advised of, and clearly understood, his constitutional rights and that he
effectively chose to waive those rights and enter a plea of guilty.
As to the performance of counsel, the post-conviction court found that counsel had
been retained to represent the Petitioner on four criminal cases between February 25,
2013, and May 20, 2013, and met with the Petitioner “on at least four or five occasions”
during that period. The court additionally found that counsel went over the plea
agreement with the Petitioner, and that the Petitioner fully understood the conditions of
the plea bargain agreement. The post-conviction court did not credit the Petitioner‟s
testimony that he wanted to proceed to trial on any of his four cases and determined that
the Petitioner failed to show that the Petitioner would have insisted on proceeding to trial
but for the errors of counsel. The court concluded that the Petitioner had received “more
than competent legal representation” from counsel and that the Petitioner was competent
and fully understood the legal consequences of his decision to plead guilty.
Following the denial of the petition for post-conviction relief, the Petitioner filed a
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timely notice of appeal.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, the Petitioner argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel
only in connection with his guilty pleas to retaliation for past action and burglary.
Specifically, the Petitioner contends that counsel rendered ineffective assistance by
failing to sufficiently investigate the facts of his retaliation for past action charge, and by
failing to adequately meet with him and explain the consequences of entering a guilty
plea. The State responds that the post-conviction court properly denied relief because the
Petitioner failed to establish that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. We agree
with the State.
Post-conviction relief is only warranted when a petitioner establishes that his or
her conviction or sentence is void or voidable because of an abridgement of a
constitutional right. T.C.A. § 40-30-103. The Tennessee Supreme Court has held:
A post-conviction court‟s findings of fact are conclusive on appeal unless
the evidence preponderates otherwise. When reviewing factual issues, the
appellate court will not re-weigh or re-evaluate the evidence; moreover,
factual questions involving the credibility of witnesses or the weight of
their testimony are matters for the trial court to resolve. The appellate
court‟s review of a legal issue, or of a mixed question of law or fact such as
a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, is de novo with no presumption
of correctness.
Vaughn v. State, 202 S.W.3d 106, 115 (Tenn. 2006) (internal citations and quotation
marks omitted); see Felts v. State, 354 S.W.3d 266, 276 (Tenn. 2011); Frazier v. State,
303 S.W.3d 674, 679 (Tenn. 2010). A post-conviction petitioner has the burden of
proving the factual allegations by clear and convincing evidence. T.C.A. § 40-30-110(f);
Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28, § 8(D)(1); Dellinger v. State, 279 S.W.3d 282, 293-94 (Tenn. 2009).
Evidence is considered clear and convincing when there is no serious or substantial doubt
about the accuracy of the conclusions drawn from it. Lane v. State, 316 S.W.3d 555, 562
(Tenn. 2010); Grindstaff v. State, 297 S.W.3d 208, 216 (Tenn. 2009); Hicks v. State, 983
S.W.2d 240, 245 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998).
Vaughn further repeated well-settled principles applicable to claims of ineffective
assistance of counsel:
The right of a person accused of a crime to representation by counsel is
guaranteed by both the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution
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and article I, section 9, of the Tennessee Constitution. Both the United
States Supreme Court and this Court have recognized that this right to
representation encompasses the right to reasonably effective assistance, that
is, within the range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases.
Vaughn, 202 S.W.3d at 116 (internal quotations and citations omitted).
In order to prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the petitioner
must establish that (1) his lawyer‟s performance was deficient and (2) the deficient
performance prejudiced the defense. Id. (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,
687 (1984); Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975)). “[A] failure to prove
either deficiency or prejudice provides a sufficient basis to deny relief on the ineffective
assistance claim. Indeed, a court need not address the components in any particular order
or even address both if the [petitioner] makes an insufficient showing of one component.”
Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 370 (Tenn. 1996) (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697).
A petitioner successfully demonstrates deficient performance by establishing that
his attorney‟s conduct fell below “an objective standard of reasonableness under
prevailing professional norms.” Id. at 369 (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688; Baxter,
523 S.W.2d at 936). Prejudice arising therefrom is demonstrated once the petitioner
establishes “„a reasonable probability that, but for counsel‟s unprofessional errors, the
result of the proceeding would have been different. A reasonable probability is a
probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.‟” Id. at 370 (quoting
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694). In order to satisfy the “prejudice” requirement in the
context of a guilty plea, the petitioner must show that, but for counsel‟s errors, he would
not have entered his guilty plea and would have proceeded to trial. Serrano v. State, 133
S.W.3d 599, 605 (Tenn. 2004) (citing Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59 (1985)).
We note that “[i]n evaluating an attorney‟s performance, a reviewing court must be
highly deferential and should indulge a strong presumption that counsel‟s conduct falls
within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance.” State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3d
453, 462 (Tenn. 1999) (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689). Moreover, “[n]o particular set
of detailed rules for counsel‟s conduct can satisfactorily take account of the variety of
circumstances faced by defense counsel or the range of legitimate decisions regarding
how best to represent a criminal defendant.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688–89. However,
we note that this “„deference to matters of strategy and tactical choices applies only if the
choices are informed ones based upon adequate preparation.‟” House v. State, 44 S.W.3d
508, 515 (Tenn. 2001) (quoting Goad, 938 S.W.2d at 369).
In the present case, the Petitioner complains that counsel met with him only twice,
failed to adequately investigate the circumstances surrounding his charge for retaliation
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for past action, failed to adequately explain the potential range of punishment, and
coerced him into accepting the State‟s plea offer. In denying the petition, the post-
conviction court discredited the testimony of the Petitioner, finding that “the Petitioner
received more than competent legal representation from [counsel] and, in fact, made [] an
excellent plea bargain agreement for himself[.]” Rather, the court found that counsel met
with the Petitioner “on at least four or five occasions” before the Petitioner‟s guilty plea
hearing. The trial court further determined that counsel reviewed the plea agreement with
the Petitioner and that the Petitioner never indicated a desire to proceed to trial on any of
his cases. The court additionally determined that the Petitioner fully understood the
nature and consequences of his plea, the range of punishment he faced for each offense,
and that his decision to enter a guilty plea was made voluntarily, knowingly and
intelligently with no evidence of force or coercion from anyone, including counsel.
Accordingly, the court concluded that the Petitioner failed to establish by clear and
convincing evidence that counsel provided ineffective assistance of counsel.
The record does not preponderate against the post-conviction court‟s findings and
supports its conclusions that counsel did not render ineffective assistance of counsel. The
testimony of counsel at the post-conviction hearing reflects that counsel met with the
Petitioner on at least four or five occasions prior to his guilty plea hearing and discussed
the charges against him, the range of punishments he faced, and the likelihood of
successfully defending against those charges. Testimony of both counsel and the
Petitioner also confirms that counsel negotiated the State‟s initial plea offer from an
effective sentence of six years down to an effective sentence of four and a half years.
During the guilty plea hearing, the trial court explained to the Petitioner his rights and the
rights he would be waiving by pleading guilty. The trial court also carefully explained
the sentence the Petitioner would receive for each charge as well as the effective sentence
as a whole. The Petitioner assured the court that he understood his rights and that his
plea was both knowing and voluntary. Petitioner also assured the court that he was
satisfied with counsel‟s representation. See Blackledge v. Allison, 431 U.S. 63, 74 (1977)
(noting that a defendant‟s testimony at a guilty plea hearing “constitute[s] a formidable
barrier” in any subsequent collateral proceeding because “[s]olemn declarations in open
court carry a strong presumption of verity.”). Nothing in the record undermines the
reliability of the Petitioner‟s testimony at the guilty plea hearing. Except for his own
testimony, which was largely discredited by the court, the Petitioner failed to put forth
any evidence to establish deficient performance by counsel. Accordingly, we agree with
the post-conviction court that Petitioner failed to establish that he received ineffective
assistance of counsel. The Petitioner is not entitled to relief.
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CONCLUSION
Upon review, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.
_________________________________
CAMILLE R. McMULLEN, JUDGE
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