Billy Dean Sizemore v. State of Tennessee

09/26/2017
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs June 20, 2017
BILLY DEAN SIZEMORE v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lewis County
No. 2016-CR-19 Deanna B. Johnson, Judge
No. M2016-02531-CCA-R3-PC
The Petitioner, Billy Dean Sizemore, appeals the summary dismissal of his petition for
post-conviction relief. The State concedes that the post-conviction court erred in
summarily dismissing the petition. Following our review, we reverse the judgment of the
post-conviction court and remand for an evidentiary hearing.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Reversed
and Remanded
ALAN E. GLENN, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ROBERT H.
MONTGOMERY, JR., J., joined. TIMOTHY L. EASTER, J., not participating.
Cory L. Ricci, Columbia, Tennessee, for the appellant, Billy Dean Sizemore.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Katherine C. Redding, Assistant
Attorney General; Kim R. Helper, District Attorney General; and Sean B. Duddy,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
FACTS
The Petitioner was convicted by a Lewis County Circuit Court jury of delivery of
a Schedule II controlled substance and was sentenced to fourteen years in the Tennessee
Department of Correction as a persistent offender. His conviction was affirmed by this
court on direct appeal, and our supreme court denied his application for permission to
appeal. State v. Billy Dean Sizemore, No. M2013-01853-CCA-R3-CD, 2014 WL
5800747 (Tenn. Crim. App. Nov. 7, 2014), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Mar. 12, 2015).
The facts giving rise to the Petitioner’s conviction were recited by this court on
direct appeal as follows:
Joe Ashmore, a narcotics agent with the 21st Judicial District Drug
Task Force, testified that on June 2, 2009, he received a telephone call from
Dale Potter, a confidential informant (CI). Potter told Agent Ashmore that
he had been in contact with the [Petitioner] and that the [Petitioner] claimed
to have some pills to sell. Agent Ashmore and Agent Doug Totty met with
Potter and Potter’s wife, and Mr. Potter placed a recorded, controlled
telephone call to the [Petitioner]. The State played the recorded call for the
jury. During the call, Mr. Potter told the [Petitioner] that he wanted to “get
a couple of more of them” and agreed to meet the [Petitioner] at a bridge
near Mr. Potter’s house.
Agent Ashmore testified that the agents searched the Potters and
their vehicle for money and drugs and that he equipped Mr. Potter with a
transmitter and recorder. Agent Ashmore was hoping the Potters would
buy three morphine pills from the [Petitioner] for $20 each and gave Mr.
Potter $60. The Potters went to the location on Fite Road. Agent Ashmore
stated that he saw them meet the [Petitioner], who was in a black vehicle,
and that the Potters and the [Petitioner] conducted the drug transaction,
which was recorded. The State played the recording for the jury. During
the transaction, the [Petitioner] told Mr. Potter, “I got $500 worth yesterday
and now I got two left.” After the drug buy, the Potters met Agent
Ashmore at a predetermined location. Agent Ashmore took possession of
two pills and $20. He also searched the Potters and their vehicle again.
Agent Ashmore paid Mr. Potter $100 for his participation in the drug buy.
On cross-examination, Agent Ashmore testified that in 2007, he
purchased Lortab from Mr. Potter. Mr. Potter pled guilty to a crime and
began working as a CI for Agent Ashmore. On June 2, 2009, the
[Petitioner] sold the Potters two morphine pills and kept two pills for
himself. Agent Ashmore said he could not see “hand movements and hand
to hands” during the transaction. He also did not see the Potters give any
money to the [Petitioner].
On redirect examination, Agent Ashmore testified that it was not
uncommon for drug dealers to keep some pills for themselves because
many dealers were addicts. Dealers also held back pills in order to deliver
them to other customers. On recross-examination, Agent Ashmore
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acknowledged that he did not hear Mr. Potter’s initial conversation with the
[Petitioner] on June 2.
Deputy Douglas Totty of the Humphreys County Sheriff’s
Department testified that on June 2, 2009, he worked for the 21st Judicial
District Drug Task Force and assisted Agent Ashmore with an investigation
of the [Petitioner]. Deputy Totty searched the Potters’ car before and after
the drug transaction but did not find anything. He said he did not hear or
see the transaction but kept in constant contact with Agent Ashmore by
radio. On cross-examination, Deputy Totty testified that he was “in the
vicinity” of the transaction and was present to assist Agent Ashmore in case
“something went bad.”
Glen J. Glenn, a special agent forensic scientist with the Tennessee
Bureau of Investigation (TBI), testified that he analyzed the two pills
received by Agent Ashmore. He determined that the pills were morphine, a
Schedule II controlled substance.
Dale Potter testified that in 2001, he was convicted of failure to
appear and simple possession of marijuana. He received probation for the
latter offense but violated probation by failing to pay fines. In October
2007, Mr. Potter was charged with felony delivery of a drug but was
convicted of a misdemeanor because he agreed to work as a CI. He
received probation for the conviction but violated his probation, again due
to nonpayment of fines.
Mr. Potter testified that on June 2, 2009, he telephoned the
[Petitioner], whom he had met “through a friend of a friend,” to find out if
the [Petitioner] had any pills. The [Petitioner] said he did, so Mr. Potter
telephoned agents at the drug task force and told them that he would be able
to make a drug buy. Mr. Potter and his wife met with Agent Ashmore, and
Agent Ashmore searched them and “put a wire” on Mr. Potter. Mr. Potter
telephoned the [Petitioner] and arranged to meet him on Fite Road. Mr.
Potter said that he was supposed to buy three 60-milligram morphine pills
from the [Petitioner] for $20 each and that Agent Ashmore gave him $60.
Mr. Potter testified that he and his wife went to the location and that
the [Petitioner] was there in a black Lincoln Continental. The [Petitioner]
told Mr. Potter that he had purchased $500 worth of pills the previous day
and had only four remaining. Mr. Potter asked to buy three pills, but the
[Petitioner] wanted to keep two for himself, so Mr. Potter bought two pills,
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leaving the [Petitioner] with two pills. Mr. Potter gave $40 to the
[Petitioner], and the [Petitioner] put the money into his wallet. Mr. Potter
returned to the agents and gave them the two pills and the remaining $20.
Mr. Potter said he had not received anything from the State in exchange for
his testimony.
On cross-examination, Mr. Potter testified that the agents did not pay
him anything on June 2 and that he participated in the drug buy “just . . . to
be doing it.” Defense counsel showed Mr. Potter a document from the drug
task force, showing that Mr. Potter had received $100, and Mr. Potter
stated, “I didn’t recall getting paid for it.” He said he had known the
[Petitioner] five or six months at the time of the buy but did not know
where the [Petitioner] lived. He stated that he had been taking prescribed
100-milligram morphine pills for seven or eight years due to back pain but
that he had never seen 60-milligram morphine pills prior to that day.
Kelly Potter, Dale Potter’s wife, testified that on June 2, 2009, she
worked as a CI for Agent Ashmore’s investigation of the [Petitioner] and
was responsible for driving her husband, who did not have a driver’s
license, to meet the [Petitioner]. Before the drug buy, the Potters met with
drug task force agents, and the agents searched Mrs. Potter and her car. At
first, Mrs. Potter said the agents “wired” her and her husband. However,
she later stated that the agents may not have put a wire on her.
Mrs. Potter testified that she drove her husband to the end of Fite
Road and that he got out to meet the [Petitioner]. Mrs. Potter remained in
her car but could hear and see the transaction. She said that her husband
gave money to the [Petitioner] and that the [Petitioner] “handed” him “two
orange morphine 60s.” After the transaction, the Potters met with Agent
Ashworth. Mr. Potter gave the two pills and the remaining $20 to Agent
Ashworth, and the agents searched Mrs. Potter and her car again.
Mrs. Potter testified that in July 2011, she was convicted of DUI
involving prescribed medication and driving on a revoked license. She was
sentenced to probation and completed probation. She said that she was
testifying under subpoena in the present case and that she was not receiving
anything from the State in exchange for her testimony.
On cross-examination, Mrs. Potter testified that her husband had
been taking prescribed morphine for eleven years and that he used to take
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60-milligram pills. Therefore, she recognized the 60-milligram pills on
June 2.
Billy Dean Sizemore, 2014 WL 5800747, at *1-3.
On March 4, 2016, the Petitioner filed a pro se petition for post-conviction relief,
alleging ineffective assistance of counsel and due process violations by the trial court.
The post-conviction court appointed counsel, finding that the Petitioner presented a
colorable claim. On June 8, 2016, appointed counsel filed an amended petition for relief,
expounding on the Petitioner’s allegations. The State filed an answer three weeks later.
On November 18, 2016, the post-conviction court denied relief, finding that an
evidentiary hearing was not necessary because the “Petitioner has not raised ‘substantial
questions of fact as to events in which [Petitioner] participated.’” The court reviewed
each of the issues raised in the Petitioner’s amended petition and determined that he
failed to prove his allegations by clear and convincing evidence. The Petitioner appealed.
ANALYSIS
The Petitioner argues that the post-conviction court erred in rendering a
dispositive decision on his petition without allowing him to present evidence or legal
argument at an evidentiary hearing. He specifically asserts that he raised colorable
claims for relief, the court erred in rendering a final judgment based solely on the
pleadings, and the court applied an incorrect standard for determining whether a hearing
should take place.
Post-conviction relief “shall be granted when the conviction or sentence is void or
voidable because of the abridgment of any right guaranteed by the Constitution of
Tennessee or the Constitution of the United States.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-103. A
petitioner for post-conviction relief “must contain a clear and specific statement of all
grounds upon which relief is sought, including full disclosure of the factual basis of those
grounds. A bare allegation that a constitutional right has been violated and mere
conclusions of law shall not be sufficient to warrant any further proceedings.” Id. § 40-
30-106(d). In order for a hearing to be granted, the petition must assert a “colorable
claim.” See Howell v. State, 151 S.W.3d 450, 460 (Tenn. 2004). A petition presents a
“colorable claim,” sufficient to withstand summary dismissal, when the facts alleged,
“‘taken as true’” and “‘in the light most favorable to [the] petitioner’” would entitle the
petitioner to relief under the Post-Conviction Procedure Act. Arnold v. State, 143
S.W.3d 784, 786 (Tenn. 2004) (quoting Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28, § 2(H)). If a petitioner
makes this initial colorable claim for relief, an evidentiary hearing is held at which the
petitioner must prove the allegations by clear and convincing evidence. Howell, 151
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S.W.3d at 460 (citing Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f)). We review the post-conviction
court’s dismissal of the petition, as an issue of law, de novo on the record without a
presumption of correctness. See Burnett v. State, 92 S.W.3d 403, 406 (Tenn. 2002).
Here, the Petitioner alleged that trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance with
regard to the Tennessee Rule of Evidence 404(b) hearing, in failing to request a limiting
instruction concerning prior bad acts, and in failing to raise the limiting instruction issue
in the motion for new trial and on appeal. The Petitioner alleged that there is a
reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s deficiencies, his statement would have been
excluded as unfairly prejudicial, and the results of the trial and appeal would have been
different. Taking the allegations in the petition in the light most favorable to the
Petitioner, the Petitioner presented a colorable claim for relief and was entitled to an
evidentiary hearing. We note that the post-conviction court, in its preliminary order,
ruled that the Petitioner presented a colorable claim and appointed counsel. It appears
that the post-conviction court denied the petition after determining that the Petitioner did
not prove his allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel by clear and convincing
evidence. However, “the ultimate success or failure of a petitioner’s claims is not a
proper basis for dismissing a post-conviction petition without conducting an evidentiary
hearing.” William Alexander Cocke Stuart v. State, No. M2003-01387-CCA-R3-PC,
2004 WL 948390, at *3 (Tenn. Crim. App. May 4, 2004). The Petitioner was not
required to prove his claims in his petition; he was required to prove them at the
evidentiary hearing. “The preliminary stage is not the appropriate forum for adjudication
of the facts of the case.” Charlton v. State, 987 S.W.2d 862, 865 (Tenn. Crim. App.
1998).
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing authorities and reasoning, we reverse the judgment of the
post-conviction court and remand for an evidentiary hearing.
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ALAN E. GLENN, JUDGE
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