John David Luther v. State of Tennessee

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs November 12, 2015
JOHN DAVID LUTHER v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Davidson County
No. 2008-C-2459 Monte Watkins, Judge
No. M2014-02465-CCA-R3-PC – Filed March 17, 2016
The Petitioner, John David Luther, appeals the Davidson County Criminal Court‟s denial
of his petition for post-conviction relief from his convictions of voluntary manslaughter,
aggravated assault, and reckless aggravated assault, and resulting effective seventeen-
year sentence. On appeal, the Petitioner contends that he received the ineffective
assistance of trial and appellate counsel. Based upon the record and the parties‟ briefs,
we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court is Affirmed.
NORMA MCGEE OGLE, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which CAMILLE R.
MCMULLEN, and ROBERT L. HOLLOWAY, JR., JJ., joined.
Richard C. Strong, Nashville, Tennessee, for the appellant, John David Luther.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Ahmed A. Safeeullah, Assistant
Attorney General; Glenn R. Funk, District Attorney General; and Roger Moore, Assistant
District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. Factual Background
In August 2008, the Davidson County Grand Jury indicted the Petitioner for count
one, the attempted first degree murder of Daniel Harding; count two, the aggravated
assault of Harding; and count three, the aggravated assault of Patrick Lamar. We glean
the following relevant facts from this court‟s opinion of the Petitioner‟s direct appeal of
his convictions: On the night of May 25, 2008, Harding, Lamar, Corina Pinya, Niki
Curtis, and Prince Speights were at Greenland‟s Pub. State v. John David Luther, No.
M2010-01237-CCA-R3-CD, 2011 WL 6743283, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Nashville,
Dec. 22, 2011), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. 2012). The group was on the pub‟s
outside deck when the Petitioner, who had been inside the pub, came onto the deck and
said something to the effect of “„he did not like white people that dressed like n***ers.‟”
See id. Harding asked the Petitioner to go back inside the pub, and the Petitioner did so.
Id. However, the Petitioner returned to the deck, and Harding again asked him to go
inside. Id. The Petitioner went inside but came onto the deck a third time. Id. At that
point, the Petitioner and Harding began fighting. Id. During the fight, the Petitioner
stabbed Harding in the neck, cutting his carotid artery and jugular vein. Id. at *3. Lamar,
who tried to break up the fight, received a cut on his forearm that required three stitches.
Id. at *1.
Officer Brad Rumbley of the Metropolitan Nashville Police Department responded
to the scene and found several people attending to Harding just inside the pub‟s front
door. Id. at *2. The Petitioner was lying on his back on the deck and was “„mumbling
his words [and] said that he got beat up.‟” Id. Detective Fredrick Sulfridge, who spoke
with the Petitioner at the hospital, testified that the Petitioner appeared “„pretty drunk‟”
and that the Petitioner said about Harding, “„“F**k that n***er.”‟” Id. at *3. When the
detective reminded the Petitioner that Harding was white, the Petitioner stated, “„“Well,
f**k that n***er lover.”‟” Id. Detective Sulfridge said that he noticed an abrasion under
the Petitioner‟s left eye but that his investigation led him to believe the Petitioner was the
primary aggressor. Id.
The Petitioner testified that the fight began when Harding “„started hitting [him] in
the back of the head.‟” Id. The Petitioner pulled his knife out of his pocket and “„just
wanted [Harding] to stop beating on [him].‟” Id. Someone then hit the Petitioner on the
back of his head, knocking him out. Id. The Petitioner said that he did not remember
talking with Detective Sulfridge at the hospital but that he may have made those
statements to the officer due to the alcohol he had consumed and the medication he had
received at the hospital. Id.
The jury convicted the Petitioner of attempted voluntary manslaughter, a Class D
felony, as a lesser-included offense of attempted first degree murder; the aggravated
assault of Harding, a Class C felony; and the reckless aggravated assault of Lamar, a
Class D felony, as a lesser-included offense of aggravated assault. After a sentencing
hearing, the trial court merged the conviction of attempted voluntary manslaughter into
the conviction of aggravated assault and sentenced the Petitioner as a Range II, multiple
offender to ten years. The court sentenced the Petitioner to seven years for the conviction
of reckless aggravated assault and ordered that it be served consecutively to the ten-year
sentence for a total effective sentence of seventeen years in confinement.
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The Petitioner filed a direct appeal of his convictions to this court, raising several
issues, including that the trial court erred by refusing to give a jury instruction on
voluntary intoxication and by imposing consecutive sentencing. Id. at *1. This court
affirmed the Petitioner‟s convictions and ruled that the trial court properly ordered
consecutive sentencing based upon a DUI conviction in 1986 and “several convictions for
offenses during the 1970s.” Id. at *8.
After our supreme court denied the Petitioner‟s application for permission to
appeal, he filed a timely petition for post-conviction relief, alleging that he received the
ineffective assistance of trial counsel. The post-conviction court appointed counsel, and
counsel filed an amended petition. In the amended petition, post-conviction counsel
alleged that trial counsel was ineffective, in pertinent part, for failing to present favorable
witnesses, such as Roy McLaughlin, at trial and by allowing the State to refer to Harding
as “Deputy Harding” throughout the trial. Counsel also alleged in the amended petition
that the Petitioner received the ineffective assistance of appellate counsel because counsel
failed to raise on direct appeal of the Petitioner‟s convictions that the seventeen-year
sentence was excessive.
At the evidentiary hearing, trial counsel testified that he visited the Petitioner in
jail but that he did not remember how many times. He said that he typically did not give
discovery to his clients in jail but that the Petitioner received a copy of discovery “at
some point.” An investigator spoke with Roy McLaughlin, who was incarcerated with
the Petitioner. Counsel acknowledged that McLaughlin allegedly had been contacted by
someone who wanted McLaughlin to harm the Petitioner in jail because one of the
victims, Harding, was a deputy sheriff. However, McLaughlin‟s information was not
exculpatory to the Petitioner because it was irrelevant to the fight at the pub. Counsel
also did not call Niki Curtis or Corina Pinya to testify. Counsel said that one of them
“was going to be a very hostile witness” to the defense and that the other “wasn‟t gonna
help us.” Both were present in the courtroom during the Petitioner‟s trial, and they did
not testify for the State.
Counsel testified that the defense‟s theory was that the Petitioner stabbed Harding
in self-defense. The Petitioner “sustained some serious injuries,” including contusions,
lacerations, and cracked teeth, and was transported to the hospital by ambulance.
Counsel questioned witnesses about the Petitioner‟s injuries, and police officers testified
about the injuries on cross-examination. Counsel even got Harding to admit at trial that
he hit the Petitioner first. Harding claimed, though, that he struck the Petitioner because
he saw the Petitioner with “something” and had to defend himself. Counsel also raised
the issue of voluntary intoxication. That defense was not particularly useful, though,
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because the Petitioner took the stand “to testify that he knew exactly what was going on
at the time of the event.”
Counsel acknowledged that he did not object to the State‟s referring to Harding as
a “deputy” even though Harding was not on duty at the time of the fight. Counsel
explained that he did not object because Harding testified about his job and “people are
often called by their title.” Post-conviction counsel asked if trial counsel thought the
State‟s referring to the victim as “deputy” was prejudicial, and counsel answered, “I‟m
not sure.” The length of the Petitioner‟s effective sentence was based upon his criminal
record. The Petitioner was a “Range Three or career” offender, and counsel did not
object to the length of his sentences.
On cross-examination, counsel testified that his law practice had focused on
criminal defense for the past twelve to thirteen years and that the Petitioner‟s mother
retained him. Counsel acknowledged that the State‟s witnesses said the Petitioner
appeared to be intoxicated but that the Petitioner claimed “two rum and cokes wasn‟t
gonna make him drunk.” Counsel said that he was prepared for the State‟s case and that
he did not think he could have done anything differently at trial. The conviction of
attempted voluntary manslaughter was a “win” for the defense, and the Petitioner was
thankful because he knew counsel “had tried really hard.” However, that appreciation
“went away quickly” after sentencing. Counsel said that the severity of Harding‟s injury
and “possibly the unnecessary chain of events” affected the length of the Petitioner‟s
sentences.
The Petitioner testified that he asked trial counsel to have Curtis and Pinya testify
at trial. Counsel did not tell him that the witnesses were hostile, and the Petitioner did
not see them in the courtroom during the trial. The Petitioner said that he did not know
McLaughlin until they were in jail together. The Petitioner learned that McLaughlin
conspired with someone to harm him and requested that counsel have McLaughlin testify
at trial. Counsel told the Petitioner not to worry and that he was “„taking care of it.‟”
Counsel never visited the Petitioner in jail, but counsel‟s “paralegals” came to the jail
twice. However, they would not discuss the Petitioner‟s case with him and said he would
have to talk with counsel about it. The Petitioner also did not receive discovery materials
until appellate counsel gave them to him.
The Petitioner testified that the State made him a plea offer but that he did not
accept it because “[if] the man [had not] jumped on me, this would not have happened.”
Harding was “half” the Petitioner‟s age,1 was “in very good shape,” and did not have a
reason to “jump on” the Petitioner. Counsel did not discuss a self-defense theory with the
Petitioner until the State closed its case-in-chief and did not prepare the Petitioner for his
1
The record reflects that the Petitioner was fifty-four years old at the time of the offenses.
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testimony. The Petitioner saw counsel four or five times in court before trial, but their
meetings lasted “[j]ust a few minutes” and they “didn‟t really discuss [the] case.” After
the trial, the Petitioner realized that the State‟s being allowed to refer to Harding as
“deputy” prejudiced him and that counsel should have objected. The Petitioner
downplayed his intoxication during his testimony, which he explained was “[s]ort of a
natural thing for a drunk to do.” He said that the men in the pub “all started beating on
[him]” and that he tried to defend himself. Counsel did not investigate or prepare for
trial. Had counsel done so, he would have known that the Petitioner “was only in that
situation in self-defense.” Counsel also was not prepared for the sentencing hearing and
did not argue any mitigating factors.
On cross-examination, the Petitioner acknowledged that he gave his version of the
events to the jury. He also acknowledged that the witnesses he wanted to testify at trial
were not at the post-conviction evidentiary hearing.
The post-conviction court filed a written order, denying the petition for post-
conviction relief. In the order, the court found as follows:
At the evidentiary hearing, trial counsel testified that
he met with the defendant on numerous occasions and
advised him of the evidence against him. Further, the
defendant was advised of the likelihood of conviction and the
range of punishment. . . . Furthermore, trial counsel advised
that the strategy to call for witnesses and the cross
examination of witnesses as well as the issues that were
raised in the motion for new trial as well as on appeal were
those in which he deemed necessary and appropriate in light
of the issues raised prior to and during trial.
Petitioner has failed to demonstrate by clear and
convincing evidence ineffective assistance of counsel in
violation of a constitutional right to render his conviction and
sentence void or voidable under the Post Conviction Relief
Act. The Court does not find the petitioner‟s testimony to be
credible. Accordingly, the Court finds that Petitioner has
failed to show that he was prejudiced by counsel‟s allegedly
deficient conduct. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.
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II. Analysis
The Petitioner contends that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to
the State‟s repeated reference to Harding as “Deputy Harding” in front of the jury, that
appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to raise the issue of his excessive sentences
on appeal, and that we should remand the case to the post-conviction court because the
court failed to address those claims.2 The State argues that the post-conviction court
implicitly found that counsel was not ineffective in any way and that we should affirm
the court‟s denial of the petition because the court accredited counsel, who testified that
the Petitioner was not prejudiced by the State‟s referring to Harding by his title and that
the Petitioner‟s sentences were lengthy due to his prior criminal history and the severity
of Harding‟s injuries. We conclude that we can address the Petitioner‟s ineffective
assistance of counsel claims and that he is not entitled to relief.
To be successful in a claim for post-conviction relief, a petitioner must prove the
factual allegations contained in the post-conviction petition by clear and convincing
evidence. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f). “„Clear and convincing evidence means
evidence in which there is no serious or substantial doubt about the correctness of the
conclusions drawn from the evidence.‟” State v. Holder, 15 S.W.3d 905, 911 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1999) (quoting Hodges v. S.C. Toof & Co., 833 S.W.2d 896, 901 n.3 (Tenn.
1992)). Issues regarding the credibility of witnesses, the weight and value to be accorded
their testimony, and the factual questions raised by the evidence adduced at trial are to be
resolved by the post-conviction court as the trier of fact. See Henley v. State, 960
S.W.2d 572, 579 (Tenn. 1997). Therefore, the post-conviction court‟s findings of fact are
entitled to substantial deference on appeal unless the evidence preponderates against
those findings. See Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001).
A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is a mixed question of law and fact.
See State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3d 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999). We will review the post-conviction
court‟s findings of fact de novo with a presumption that those findings are correct. See
Fields, 40 S.W.3d at 458. However, we will review the post-conviction court‟s
conclusions of law purely de novo. Id.
When a petitioner seeks post-conviction relief on the basis of ineffective
assistance of counsel, “the petitioner bears the burden of proving both that counsel‟s
performance was deficient and that the deficiency prejudiced the defense.” Goad v.
2
The Petitioner also contends that he received the ineffective assistance of trial counsel because
counsel failed to call McLaughlin, Curtis, and Pinya as witnesses at trial. However, the Petitioner
acknowledges that he cannot prevail on this claim because the witnesses failed to testify at the evidentiary
hearing. See Black v. State, 794 S.W.2d 752, 757 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1990) (providing that this court may
not speculate as to the content of a witness‟s testimony).
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State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 369 (Tenn. 1996) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,
687 (1984)). To establish deficient performance, the petitioner must show that counsel‟s
performance was below “the range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal
cases.” Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975). To establish prejudice, the
petitioner must show that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel‟s
unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A
reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the
outcome.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. Generally, [b]ecause a petitioner must establish
both prongs of the test, a failure to prove either deficiency or prejudice provides a
sufficient basis to deny relief on the ineffective assistance claim. Indeed, a court need not
address the components in any particular order or even address both if the [petitioner]
makes an insufficient showing of one component. Goad, 938 S.W.2d at 370 (citing
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697).
Turning to the instant case, the post-conviction court should have addressed the
issues raised in the petition and at the evidentiary hearing in its written order denying
post-conviction relief. Regardless, we agree with the State that the court implicitly found
that counsel was not ineffective in any regard. As to the Petitioner‟s claim that trial
counsel was ineffective for not objecting to the State‟s addressing Harding as “Deputy
Harding” in front of the jury, the fact that Harding was a sheriff‟s deputy was irrelevant
to this case, and Harding did not testify at trial in his official capacity as an officer.
Therefore, we agree with the Petitioner that trial counsel should have objected to the
State‟s referring to the witness as “Deputy Harding.” However, counsel testified at the
hearing that he did not know if the State‟s referring to the witness by his police title
prejudiced the Petitioner and, in fact, the Petitioner has failed to demonstrate prejudice.
The jury‟s finding the Petitioner guilty of the lesser-included offenses of attempted
voluntary manslaughter and reckless aggravated assault demonstrates that the jury
carefully considered the elements of the charged offenses.
As to the Petitioner‟s claim that appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to
raise the issue of excessive sentencing on direct appeal, we note that the Petitioner failed
to have appellate counsel testify at the evidentiary hearing. In any event, the Petitioner
does not explain why his effective seventeen-year sentence is excessive. The Petitioner
was a Range II offender and was sentenced within the appropriate ranges of punishment
for the offenses. Moreover, this court held in its direct appeal opinion that the trial court
properly ordered consecutive sentencing based upon the Petitioner‟s extensive criminal
history. Thus, nothing indicates that counsel was deficient for failing to raise the
sentencing issue on appeal or that the Petitioner was prejudiced by counsel‟s failure to do
so. Thus, we conclude that he is not entitled to relief.
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III. Conclusion
Based upon the record and the parties‟ briefs, we affirm the judgment of the post-
conviction court.
_________________________________
NORMA MCGEE OGLE, JUDGE
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