Wesley Jones v. State of Tennessee-Concurring

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
March 1, 2016 Session
WESLEY JONES v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Criminal Court for Shelby County
No. 1006236 James C. Beasley, Jr., Judge
___________________________________
No. W2015-01481-CCA-R3-PC - Filed August 11, 2016
___________________________________
THOMAS T. WOODALL, P.J., concurring.
I concur with most of the majority opinion, but write separately to express my
opinion that Detective Lundy and the unnamed uniformed patrol officer
unconstitutionally seized Petitioner by handcuffing him and taking him to the police
department and placing a leg shackle restraint on him inside the interview room.
Although testimony by law enforcement officers was at best equivocal (and probably
better described as “evasive” in a reading of the transcript) about restraints used on
Petitioner, two things are clear: the officers dutifully followed police department
“policy” and the policy dictated that “witnesses” be transported while handcuffed via
marked patrol cars to interviews at the police station.
Eighteen years ago, in an opinion by Judge Joe Riley, it was clearly stated, “this
court [does not] condone a police policy of handcuffing and transporting persons whom
the police merely desire to question.” State v. Johnson, 980 S.W.2d 414, 424 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1998).
Furthermore, the Court in Johnson held,
Whenever an officer accosts an individual and restrains the freedom to walk
away, the officer has “seized” that person for Fourth Amendment purposes.
State v. Downey, 9456 S.W.2d 102, 106 (Tenn. 1997). Regardless of the
policy of the [police department] or the subjective intentions of the officers,
the handcuffing of the defendant and transporting him to the police
department constituted a seizure.
Johnson, 980 S.W.2d at 422.
In my opinion, the police lacked probable cause to seize Petitioner on March 14,
2010. Trial counsel should have pursued the motion to suppress based upon an
unconstitutional seizure. However, under Strickland’s requirement that prejudice must be
shown, I conclude, with some hesitation, that Petitioner ultimately failed to prove
prejudice. The search warrant authorized the search and seizure of Petitioner for a saliva
sample for DNA testing. The issuance of the search warrant was based upon an affidavit
of Detective Lundy which contained information known to Detective Lundy prior to
Petitioner’s interview by the law enforcement officers. In fact, the search warrant was
issued prior to when the interview of Petitioner began.
On appeal in this post-conviction proceeding, Petitioner does not assert that trial
counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel by failing to attack the validity of the
search warrant. In fact, Petitioner’s only reference to the search warrant in his appellate
brief’s argument section on this issue is in a footnote to the assertion that the officers
lacked probable cause to arrest Petitioner at the time he was taken into custody on March
14, 2010. The brief states, “Petitioner further submits that the affidavit in support of the
search warrant failed to establish probable cause. [citation to record omitted] The search
warrant issue, however, is moot since Petitioner consented to giving a DNA sample.”
I respectfully disagree it could be moot – it very much is relevant to the issue of
whether Petitioner was prejudiced by trial counsel’s failure to move to suppress evidence
obtained, even by consent, during an unconstitutional seizure. As the record stands, a
valid search warrant authorized the seizure of the saliva sample. By necessity, the
officers would have been able to detain Petitioner long enough and in an appropriate
manner to obtain the saliva sample. Petitioner argues in his brief that a motion to
suppress evidence based upon the illegal detention would have resulted in suppression at
trial of the following evidence:
(1) DNA results linking Petitioner to the victim;
(2) Petitioner’s oral and typed statements; and
(3) Photographs of scratches on Petitioner’s body and all testimony
pertaining to the scratches.
Assuming that the consent to allow a DNA sample to be taken had been refused,
the search warrant would have authorized the same sample to be taken. As to Petitioner’s
statements and evidence of the scratches, Petitioner describes this evidence in a footnote
in his brief as,
2
Petitioner’s oral and written statements were damaging to his case because
he admitted to being around the victim while at the corner store on the
evening of the victim’s death. Petitioner’s oral and written statements were
also damaging to his case because he gave an explanation for his scratches
that was not supported by the DNA evidence.
Based upon the evidence contained in this appellate record and upon the evidence
presented at trial other than Petitioner’s statements and the evidence concerning the
scratch marks on Petitioner, I have no difficulty concluding that if a motion to suppress
had been filed but denied in the trial court, any error would be considered harmless
beyond a reasonable doubt in an appeal.
Accordingly, Petitioner is not entitled to post-conviction relief even though trial
counsel failed to move to suppress evidence based upon the unconstitutional seizure of
Petitioner by law enforcement officers on March 14, 2010. I agree with the majority
opinion in its analysis of all issues other than the conclusion that Petitioner was not
unlawfully detained.
____________________________________________
THOMAS T. WOODALL, PRESIDING JUDGE
3