State of Tennessee v. Sharles Johnson

03/15/2019
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
Assigned on Briefs January 24, 2019
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. SHARLES JOHNSON
Appeal from the Criminal Court for Knox County
No. 105144 Bobby R. McGee, Judge
No. E2018-00810-CCA-R3-CD
The defendant, Sharles Johnson, appeals his Knox County Criminal Court jury conviction
of theft. He challenges the sufficiency of the evidence as to the element of intent. We
affirm the jury verdicts but remand the case for the entry of corrected judgments
reflecting that the alternative counts of theft are merged.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed and Remanded
JAMES CURWOOD WITT, JR., J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which D. KELLY
THOMAS, JR., and ROBERT H. MONTGOMERY, JR., JJ., joined.
J. Liddell Kirk, Knoxville, TN (on appeal); and Kate Holtkamp and Christy Murray,
Assistant District Public Defenders (at trial), for the appellant, Sharles Johnson.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Renee W. Turner, Assistant
Attorney General; Charme P. Allen, District Attorney General; and Nathaniel Ogle,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
The Knox County Grand Jury charged the defendant with alternative counts
of theft of property valued at $500 or less. See T.C.A. § 39-14-103; -105 (2014).
At the November 2016 trial, Walmart loss-prevention associate Brandon
Shope testified that, on November 11, 2014, while “on the sales floor walking around and
. . . looking for suspicious activity,” he observed the defendant “moving at a little bit
faster rate of speed” inside Walmart. Mr. Shope explained that such behavior is typical
in shoplifting cases, so he began following the defendant “for the rest of [the defendant’s]
duration of his time in the store.” Mr. Shope followed the defendant to the automotive
department, where the defendant “selected a car battery and put it in his cart.” According
to Mr. Shope, “[c]ar batteries are a high-theft item,” so, when he saw that the defendant
did not pay for the battery in the automotive department, he notified his supervisor,
Andrew Weise, that the defendant had “selected a car battery and ha[d] left the
automotive department.”
Mr. Shope testified that he followed the defendant to the electronics
department, where the defendant placed Skylander toys in his cart. The defendant then
went to the customer service department at the front of the store where he asked for a
price match on the Skylander toys. Mr. Shope stated that the defendant never removed
the car battery from his cart. After paying for the Skylander toys at the customer service
counter, the defendant headed “towards the general merchandise side of the store,” and
Mr. Shope continued to follow him “in case he did go for the door, we were going to
apprehend him for shoplifting.” Instead of leaving the store, the defendant stopped inside
the Smart Style Salon (“the salon”) near the exit doors. After leaving the salon, the
defendant “walk[ed] all the way back across the front of the store to the grocery doors,”
where he stopped and “spen[t] a short amount of time there talking to the door greeter at
the grocery side doors.” Next, Mr. Shope saw the defendant “push[] the cart out through
the grocery doors, past all points of sale and into the vestibule,” where Mr. Shope and
Mr. Weise apprehended him as “he was literally exiting the second set of doors” leading
“outside to the sidewalk.” The defendant was escorted to the loss-prevention office,
where he stated that he knew he was being followed and that “he was joking around or
that it was some sort of game to him” and that “he just kind of wanted to see if we would
be apprehending him for what he was doing.” Mr. Shope stated that the defendant did
not seem to take the situation “as serious as he probably should have.”
Mr. Shope testified that he was very familiar with the store’s surveillance
procedures and that he used the video surveillance equipment daily. He stated that, in
this case, he made copies of the video surveillance footage showing the defendant’s
movements around the store. He explained that the video surveillance cameras in the
store do not track movement but rather “kind of give an overview look of an area,” and
they cover “nowhere near 100” percent of the store leaving “very large chunks of the
store that . . . are not covered by cameras.” The jury viewed video footage taken from the
store’s surveillance cameras showing the defendant walking through the store, being
apprehended at the store’s exit, and sitting in the loss-prevention office. Mr. Shope stated
that there was no footage of the defendant selecting the car battery and placing it in his
cart because there was no camera on the automotive section.
During cross-examination, Mr. Shope agreed that not every person who
walks quickly through the store is a shoplifter, but he testified that he would follow any
person that he observed walking quickly stating, “We follow dozens of people a day and
-2-
most of them pay and most of them have no idea they were ever being followed.” Mr.
Shope noted that, although Mr. Weise was also watching the defendant in the store, Mr.
Weise went to the loss-prevention office “[a]t some point.” Mr. Shope acknowledged
that the defendant did not attempt to conceal the car battery in his cart but stated that it
was Walmart’s policy to apprehend anyone who took unpurchased merchandise into the
vestibule.
Walmart Customer Service Manager Pam Strasner testified that on
November 11, 2014, she was called to the customer service desk to assist another
associate with a price match for the defendant. She processed the price match request
and asked the defendant if he would like to pay for the car battery as well, and the
defendant replied that “he had paid for it in automotive.” Ms. Strasner contacted the
automotive department to confirm whether the defendant had in fact paid for the car
battery and was told that he did not pay for it there. Ms. Strasner again asked the
defendant about the battery, and the defendant insisted that “he had paid for it in
automotive.” Ms. Strasner described what happened next: The defendant “left the
Customer Service area and headed towards the general merchandise doors” but “quickly
went into” the salon. After leaving the salon, the defendant “quickly came past” Ms.
Strasner, “headed to the grocery side door,” and went to the produce department. Ms.
Strasner stated that she never saw the defendant pay for the battery.
Walmart Asset Protection Manager Andrew Weise testified that, on the day
of the offense, Mr. Shope informed him that the defendant had selected a car battery
without paying for it in the automotive department; after learning this information, Mr.
Weise began following the defendant around the store. Mr. Weise explained that most
customers paid for car batteries in the automotive department because the batteries were
under a warranty which required entering the serial number of the battery into the
warranty system. He testified that he commonly follows those individuals on “a mission
walk,” which he described as “someone who is walking very quickly, not paying
attention, really, to what’s going on around them and they look like they’re on a
mission.” He also pays close attention to items that are high-theft items, including car
batteries.
While following the defendant throughout the store, Mr. Weise saw him
“select[] a couple of toys” from the electronics department. The defendant “proceeded to
the service desk,” which, Mr. Weise explained, can be indicative of “someone possibly
going to do a fraudulent return.” He notified a customer service manager to “kind of
keep an eye on it.” Mr. Weise was informed that the defendant paid for the toys at the
customer service desk but did not pay for the battery. Mr. Weise watched the defendant
leave customer service with the battery still in his cart and proceed to the “general
-3-
merchandise side of the store.” The defendant entered the salon “for a couple of
minutes” and then “proceed[ed] to the other side of the store, to the grocery exit.” After
talking with a door greeter “for a few minutes,” the defendant “exit[ed] through the
vestibule and out the set of doors with the battery.” When the defendant began heading
to the grocery side of the store, Mr. Weise “quickly went outside, came back around the
grocery side of the store, went into our asset protection office, which . . . is in the grocery
vestibule [area].” Mr. Weise peered through the peephole in the office door, “watching
for [the defendant] to pass all points of sale and go out the doors.” When the defendant
began to proceed through the last set of doors, Mr. Weise exited the office and
apprehended the defendant. Mr. Weise believed that the defendant intended to exit the
store with the car battery because the defendant did not hesitate to exit and did not turn
around at any point.
After apprehending the defendant and escorting him to the loss-prevention
office, Mr. Weise notified a customer service manager to determine the value of the car
battery. Mr. Weise noted that, while in the loss-prevention office, the defendant “was
very calm, pleasant, [and] joking.” Mr. Weise stated that the defendant “mentioned that
he knew we were watching him, and he just kind of did it as a joke to see if we would
still stop him after him seeing us watch him.” The defendant never said that he intended
to purchase the battery.
On cross-examination, Mr. Weise testified that it was Walmart’s policy to
apprehend anyone that took unpurchased merchandise “past all points of sale, and then
out through the [Electronic Article Surveillance (“EAS”)] system,” which Mr. Weise
described as the electronic security devices at the doorways of the store. Mr. Weise
explained that, although it was the store’s policy to apprehend someone who took
unpurchased merchandise through the EAS system, “we like to give them that extra
chance” and wait until a person begins to exit the final set of doors “before we apprehend
them.”
The defendant testified that he shopped at the Turkey Creek Walmart “once
or twice a week” and had “buil[t] a relationship with” some of the employees. On
November 11, 2014, the defendant went to Walmart to purchase items for upcoming
family birthdays. He needed to pick his children up at 3:00 p.m. that day, so he knew that
he “had to be in and out” of the store quickly. He testified that, when he first arrived at
the store, he went to the toy section and then to the automotive section where he
measured a battery for a “sand rail” that he had built. He stated that he “need[ed] to find
out about the cold crank” of the battery to determine whether it was “the right size.” He
took the battery from the automotive section to the front of the store to make his inquiries
because he “knew who was working” in the automotive section and knew that “they
-4-
didn’t know what the heck they were doing.” The defendant noticed that he was being
followed around the store, which he thought was odd stating, “unless they know you or
they trying to talk to you, . . . they must think you’re up to something or whatever.” He
proceeded to the customer service counter at the front of the store with the car battery and
some Skylander toys in his cart. He asked an employee to price match some items, and
that employee called Ms. Strasner for assistance. Ms. Strasner asked the defendant about
the battery, and he told her “I got that from back there.” Ms. Strasner then “whispered to
the lady. And then I saw her take out a sheet of paper and she wrote something down on
this piece of paper. She folded it up and handed it to the lady. And I said, get out of
here.” The defendant testified that he never told Ms. Strasner that he paid for the battery
in the automotive department; instead, he told her “I got it from back there.” He noted
that Ms. Strasner was behaving oddly and that “[h]er face was real red” which was “out
of character from the relationship that [he] had with her.”
The defendant asked who was the manager on duty, but when an employee
identified the manager, the defendant said, “[W]ell, I won’t be dealing with that
situation,” and left the customer service area. He walked toward the “front door” with
the battery, when he again noticed two people he believed were following him. He
entered the salon for “a few minutes” where he inquired about a haircut “as a joke
because [he has] something called alopecia.” He explained that he “was putting that joke
in the middle of that situation, messing with them.” He then walked to the other side of
the store where he talked with the door greeter, Jimmy.1 He again inquired about a
manager, whom Jimmy identified, but the defendant believed that a manager was not
available. The defendant then “sort of turned [his] back to him” and “look[ed] to see
where these guys [we]re that [we]re following [him] around the store.” At that point, he
knew that he was being followed around the store, and he felt in “a shock” at the
situation.
The defendant testified that he decided “[t]o keep it up, to confront those
two people that were following [him] around the store,” but, before he could confront
them, “they pop[ped] up” and apprehended him. The defendant was taken to the loss-
prevention office where he had a conversation with Mr. Weise while Mr. Shope was “just
doing something on the computer.” He contended that he never told Mr. Weise nor Mr.
Shope that he thought the incident was a game. He stated that he did not think there was
a problem with carrying unpurchased merchandise into the vestibule past the EAS
machines because the store often places merchandise for sale in that area. He testified
that, when he took the car battery into the store’s vestibule, he was not stealing it and that
he had no plans to take it from Walmart’s premises.
1
Jimmy’s last name is not provided in the record.
-5-
On cross-examination, the defendant testified that he did not intend to exit
the store with the battery “[w]ithout being confronted” by store employees. He stated
that he knew that “[s]ooner or later, because of the interaction and what they were doing,
. . . we would have some type of confrontation.” It was never his intention, he said, “to
keep this battery from Walmart”; rather, he intended only to confront the employees
about the situation. He explained that he did not turn around when walking out of the
store because he had seen Mr. Weise exit the store when the defendant was in the salon,
and he suspected that Mr. Weise “had went around somewhere to try to meet me or to do
something different.” The defendant asserted that the shopping cart with the battery in it
“never made it past the threshold” of the exit doors and “there was still time to also have
actually left that cart right there.” He testified that it was his intent to leave the cart
behind “[s]ooner or later.”
When asked why he did not seek assistance with the battery from an
employee in another department if he did not trust the employee in the automotive
department, the defendant intimated that if the loss-prevention employees had not
aggravated the situation and he had “been allowed to go on [his] way, . . . the cart could
have been taken back with the battery to ask those gentlemen the question that [he] had
about the battery.” He acknowledged that he did not pay for the battery.
Based on this evidence, the jury convicted the defendant as charged, and
the trial court sentenced him to an effective sentence of 11 months and 29 days
suspended to supervised probation. The trial court noted that after the defendant satisfied
his court costs, he could petition for his sentence to be downgraded to unsupervised
probation.
The defendant filed a timely but unsuccessful motion for new trial followed
by this timely appeal. In this appeal, the defendant challenges the sufficiency of the
evidence as to the element of intent. The State argues that the evidence is sufficient to
support the jury’s verdicts.
We review the defendant’s claim of insufficient evidence mindful that our
standard of review is whether, after considering the evidence in the light most favorable
to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the
crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Tenn. R. App. P. 13(e); Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S.
307, 319 (1979); State v. Winters, 137 S.W.3d 641, 654 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2003). This
standard applies to findings of guilt based upon direct evidence, circumstantial evidence,
or a combination of direct and circumstantial evidence. State v. Dorantes, 331 S.W.3d
370, 379 (Tenn. 2011).
-6-
When examining the sufficiency of the evidence, this court should neither
re-weigh the evidence nor substitute its inferences for those drawn by the trier of fact. Id.
Questions concerning the credibility of the witnesses, the weight and value of the
evidence, as well as all factual issues raised by the evidence are resolved by the trier of
fact. State v. Cabbage, 571 S.W.2d 832, 835 (Tenn. 1978). Significantly, this court must
afford the State the strongest legitimate view of the evidence contained in the record as
well as all reasonable and legitimate inferences which may be drawn from the evidence.
Id.
As relevant to this case, “[a] person commits theft of property if, with intent
to deprive the owner of property, the person knowingly obtains or exercises control over
the property without the owner’s effective consent.” T.C.A. § 39-14-103(a). “Theft of
property or services is . . . [a] Class A misdemeanor if the value of the property or
services obtained is five hundred dollars ($500) or less . . . .” Id. § 39-1-105(a)(1)
(2014).
Here, the proof adduced at trial established that the defendant selected a car
battery from Walmart’s merchandise and placed it in his shopping cart. The defendant
admitted that he did not pay for the battery, and security camera footage showed him
exiting the store with the battery before he was stopped by loss-prevention associates.
The defendant contends that because he did not conceal the battery from store employees
and because he knew that store employees were watching his actions with the battery, the
State failed to carry its burden in proving that he intended to deprive Walmart of the
battery. However, the jury heard and rejected the defendant’s testimony that he did not
intend to deprive Walmart of the battery, as was their prerogative. Questions of witness
credibility and all factual issues are resolved by the jury. See State v. Cabbage, 571
S.W.2d 832, 835 (Tenn. 1978). Moreover, the jury was free to infer the defendant’s
intent by circumstantial evidence. See Poag v. State, 567 S.W.2d 775, 778 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 1978) (“An accused’s knowledge and intent may be proved by circumstantial
evidence.”) (citing Bennet v. State, 530 S.W.2d 788, 791 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1975); see
also Hall v. State, 490 S.W.2d 495, 496 (Tenn. 1973)). The video footage showing the
defendant’s leaving the store with the unpurchased battery is sufficient to support the
jury’s determination that the defendant intended to deprive Walmart of the battery.
The defendant was convicted of alternative counts of theft of property
valued at $500 or less for the single act of taking the battery from Walmart. Because the
judgments in the record do not indicate that the trial court merged the convictions, we
remand the case for the entry of corrected judgment forms indicating in the Special
Conditions portion that the jury verdicts are merged into a single judgment of conviction.
-7-
Accordingly, the convictions are affirmed but the case is remanded for the
entry of corrected judgment forms.
_________________________________
JAMES CURWOOD WITT, JR., JUDGE
-8-