State of Tennessee v. Jermaine Antwoine Crayton

06/10/2019
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
Assigned on Briefs April 23, 2019
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. JERMAINE ANTWOINE CRAYTON
Appeal from the Criminal Court for Hamilton County
No. 295547 Tom Greenholtz, Judge
No. E2018-01767-CCA-R3-CD
_____________________________
The Defendant, Jermaine Antwoine Crayton, pleaded guilty to several drug offenses in
2015 and to another drug offense in 2016. The trial court placed the Defendant on
probation, and the Defendant’s probation officer filed an affidavit alleging that he
violated his probation. After a hearing, the trial court revoked the Defendant’s probation
and ordered that he serve the balance of his sentence in confinement. On appeal the
Defendant contends that the trial court erred when it ordered that he serve the balance of
his sentence in confinement. After review, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which THOMAS T.
WOODALL and ROBERT H. MONTGOMERY, JR., JJ., joined.
Charles P. Dupree, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellant Jermaine Antwoine
Crayton.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Renee W. Turner, Senior Assistant
Attorney General; M. Neal Pinkston, District Attorney General; Jason Demastus,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. Facts
This case arises from the Defendant’s convictions for several drug offenses. On
April 9, 2015, a Hamilton County grand jury indicted the Defendant for possession of
cocaine for resale, possession of marijuana, possession of drug paraphernalia, and, under
a separate docket number, aggravated assault. On February 9, 2016, the Defendant
pleaded guilty to possession of cocaine, a Class C felony, misdemeanor possession of
marijuana, misdemeanor possession of drug paraphernalia, and misdemeanor assault.
The parties agreed to an effective sentence of four years, with eleven months and twenty
nine days of incarceration followed by probation. The trial court ordered that the
Defendant have monthly drug screens, complete a drug and alcohol assessment, and
comply with any recommended treatment.
On September 14, 2016, the Defendant’s probation officer filed a probation
violation report alleging that the Defendant had violated his probation by absconding
from supervision. Her report indicated that the Defendant had violated his probation in
the following ways:
Rule #4, in that, this offender has failed to provide documentation to his
Officer that he is working at a lawful occupation to the best of his ability.
Rule #5, in that, this offender failed to inform his Officer of his proper
residence and gave a false address of a family member who advises she has
no contact with this offender. This offender has absconded.
Rule #6, in that, the offender has failed to allow his Officer to visit his
home, carry out all lawful instructions his Officer gives, and fails to report
as directed.
Rule #8, in that this offender has failed to refrain from using illegal drugs
when he tested positive for cocaine, marijuana, and morphine on August
15th, 2016 and signed the drug admittance statement.
Rule #9, in that this offender has failed to pay all required fees to the
Supervision and Criminal Injuries Fund in the amount of $45.00.
The violation report went on to state that the Defendant reported to his first appointment
on August 15, 2016, where he tested positive for drugs and signed a drug admittance
statement. His probation officer told him that he must complete an alcohol and drug
evaluation and refrain from drug use. The officer told him to report back on August 22,
2016, and the Defendant failed to report. On August 31, 2016, the probation officer went
to the Defendant’s listed address, which belonged to his aunt, and she said the aunt said
that the Defendant did not live with her and that she did not communicate with the
Defendant. The Defendant’s aunt was aware that the Defendant had used her address for
probation purposes.
The trial court issued a capias, and the Defendant was arrested. At a probation
revocation hearing, the parties presented the following evidence: The Defendant’s
probation officer, Christina Barnes, testified that upon the Defendant’s release from
2
custody he went through the probation supervision orientation process. At his
appointment on August 15, 2016, he tested positive for cocaine, marijuana, and
morphine, and he signed an admission statement to having used those drugs. Ms. Barnes
gave the Defendant another appointment on August 22, 2016, and he did not report. The
probation officer unsuccessfully attempted to contact the Defendant both by telephone
and by visiting his listed address. She had not had any further contact with the Defendant
since that date.
During cross-examination, Ms. Barnes agreed that the Defendant had attended
probation appointments on August 3 and 10.
Janice Hammonds testified that the address that the Defendant had given to his
probation officer belonged to her mother. Ms. Hammonds said that she also resided at
that address and had given the Defendant “the okay to come and stay with” her and her
mother. Ms. Hammonds said that her mother was unaware that she had given the
Defendant permission, noting that her mother was 88 or 89 years old. The Defendant
stayed with them for a while, but he needed a residence where he could stay with his
children also, so he had to move.
Letorius Simmons testified that she and the Defendant were engaged to be married
and had been dating for more than three years. Ms. Simmons testified that, if the
Defendant were released from custody, he would reside with her. Ms. Simmons said that
she worked at both Erlanger East and at a Days Inn and she could get the Defendant a job
with either of her employers. She said that the Defendant’s children were in foster care,
and she and the Defendant were attempting to obtain custody of his children.
Ms. Simmons said that the Defendant had failed to report because he was working
diligently on attempting to get his children situated. Their life circumstances at that time
were in “turmoil.” Ms. Simmons agreed that she became aware that the Defendant had
not been reporting for probation in the first part of 2017, and the Defendant was not
arrested until almost eighteen months later. She maintained that he did not report
because he was trying to take care of his sons. Ms. Simmons said that the Defendant
never used drugs while the two were together.
The Defendant testified, and he agreed that he was guilty of absconding from his
probation. He said that he remained in Chattanooga and did not receive any new offenses
but that he did not report to his probation officer as required. The Defendant admitted
that he had made the wrong decision. The Defendant explained that, after he failed his
drug test, he was told that his probation was automatically violated because he was on
probation for drug offenses. He became stressed, in part because of the living situation of
his children at the time and the fact that their mother was not acting appropriately to care
3
for them.
The Defendant said that, upon his release, he went to live with his aunt. She got
into a dispute with the Defendant’s mother, which resulted in her asking the Defendant to
leave. He said that she likely told officers that the Defendant never stayed with her
because of her advanced age. The Defendant acknowledged that his decision not to keep
his probation appointments was his own responsibility.
During cross-examination, the Defendant said that he had been on probation “a
few times” in the past. He said that he had never before absconded from probation and
that it was the “wrong decision.” The Defendant said that he had filed for custody of his
children and needed to get his family back together.
Upon questioning from the trial court, the Defendant agreed that he was gone from
probation for an extended period of time. He agreed that he had attended school
functions and cared for his children but said that he did not call his probation officer
because he was “scared.”
The Defendant’s attorney agreed that the Defendant had violated his probation, but
he asked that he be returned to probation. The trial court made extensive findings. It
found that the Defendant had violated his probation by using marijuana and cocaine
while on probation and by failing to report. It further found that the Defendant should
serve the balance of his sentence in confinement because the violations were serious, in
that reporting is the most basic requirement, and involved drug use, both occurring within
weeks of his being released. This indicated to the trial court that its confidence in the
Defendant as a good candidate for probation was misplaced. The trial court further found
that the Defendant had inhibited the probation officer’s ability to bring him into
compliance by not providing the officer with the ability to contact him by telephone or in
person. The trial court expressed concern that the Defendant absconded knowing that
there was an arrest warrant out for his violation and that he remained absconded for
almost two years. The court stated that it “believe[d] there has been an utter lack of
acceptance of responsibility in the history of the conduct.” On this basis, the trial court
ordered the Defendant to serve his sentence in confinement.
It is from this judgment that the Defendant now appeals.
II. Analysis
On appeal, the Defendant contends that the trial court abused its discretion when it
ordered that he serve the balance of his sentence in confinement based upon one violation
of his probation and in spite of his extenuating circumstances that required his attention.
4
The State counters that the trial court properly revoked the Defendant’s probation and
ordered him to serve the balance of his sentence in confinement. We agree with the
State.
A trial court’s authority to revoke a suspended sentence is derived from Tennessee
Code Annotated section 40-35-310 (2014), which provides that the trial court possesses
the power “at any time within the maximum time which was directed and ordered by the
court for such suspension, . . . to revoke . . . such suspension” and cause the original
judgment to be put into effect. A trial court may revoke probation upon its finding by a
preponderance of the evidence that a violation of the conditions of probation has
occurred. T.C.A. § 40-35-311(e) (2014). “In probation revocation hearings, the
credibility of witnesses is to be determined by the trial judge.” State v. Mitchell, 810
S.W.2d 733, 735 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1991). If a trial court revokes a defendant’s
probation, options include ordering confinement, ordering the sentence into execution as
originally entered, returning the defendant to probation on modified conditions as
appropriate, or extending the defendant’s period of probation by up to two years. T.C.A.
§§ 40-35-308(a), (c), -310 (2014); see State v. Hunter, 1 S.W.3d 643, 648 (Tenn. 1999).
The judgment of the trial court in a revocation proceeding will not be disturbed on
appeal unless there has been an abuse of discretion. See State v. Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d 553,
554 (Tenn. 2001); State v. Smith, 909 S.W.2d 471, 473 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995). In
order for this Court to find an abuse of discretion, “there must be no substantial evidence
to support the conclusion of the trial court that a violation of the conditions of probation
has occurred.” Shaffer, 45 S.W.3d at 554. Further, a finding of abuse of discretion
“‘reflects that the trial court’s logic and reasoning was improper when viewed in light of
the factual circumstances and relevant legal principles involved in a particular case.’” Id.
at 555 (quoting State v. Moore, 6 S.W.3d 235, 242 (Tenn. 1999)).
The record in this case provided substantial evidence to support the trial court’s
revocation of probation. First, the Defendant agreed that he had violated the terms of his
probation by both using cocaine and marijuana and by absconding from supervision. The
Defendant’s admission of a violation has itself been held to be “substantial evidence” that
the violation took place. State v. Glendall D. Verner, No. M2014-02339-CCA-R3-CD,
2016 WL 3192819, at *7 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Nashville, May 31, 2016), perm. app.
denied (Tenn. Sept. 30, 2016). (citing State v. Yvonne Burnette, No. 03C01-9608-CR-
00314, 1997 WL 414979, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Knoxville, July 25, 1997)).
After the trial court found that the Defendant had violated the terms of his
probation it retained discretionary authority, pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated
section 40-35-310(b), to order the Defendant to serve his sentence in incarceration. The
determination of the proper consequence of a probation violation embodies a separate
5
exercise of discretion. State v. Hunter, 1 S.W.3d 643, 647 (Tenn. 1999). Case law
establishes that “an accused, already on probation, is not entitled to a second grant of
probation or another form of alternative sentencing.” State v. Jeffrey A. Warfield, No.
01C01-9711-CC-00504, 1999 WL 61065, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Nashville, Feb. 10,
1999), perm. app. denied (Tenn. June 28, 1999).
We conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it ordered the
Defendant to serve the balance of his sentence in confinement. The Defendant used
marijuana and cocaine shortly after being released from confinement and placed on
supervised probation. The Defendant thereafter failed to report for approximately
twenty-two months until officers arrested him pursuant to an outstanding arrest warrant.
The Defendant knew of the outstanding warrant, but he chose not to contact his probation
office, citing family issues. The record supports the trial court’s order requiring the
Defendant to serve the remainder of the original sentence incarcerated.
III. Conclusion
In accordance with the foregoing reasoning and authorities, we affirm the trial
court’s judgment.
_________________________________
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE
6