Anthony Allen v. State of Tennessee

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
November 2, 2010 Session
ANTHONY ALLEN v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Criminal Court for Shelby County
Nos. 00-10541; 00-010543-44; 47, 50-56 W. Mark Ward, Judge
No. W2010-00703-CCA-R3-PC - Filed March 22, 2011
The petitioner, Anthony Allen, appeals the denial of his petition for post-conviction relief.
He was convicted by a Shelby County jury of multiple counts of aggravated rape and
aggravated robbery.1 See State v. Anthony Allen, W2004-01085-CCA-R3-CD, 2005 WL
1606350, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Jackson, July 8, 2005). The petitioner was sentenced
to a term of 104 years.2 Id. On appeal, the petitioner claims he received ineffective
assistance of counsel. Upon review, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed
C AMILLE R. M CM ULLEN, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which J ERRY L. S MITH and
J OHN E VERETT W ILLIAMS, JJ., joined.
Robert Brooks, Memphis, Tennessee, for the Defendant-Appellant, Anthony Allen.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Rachel E. Willis, Assistant Attorney
General; William L. Gibbons, District Attorney General; and Chris Lareau, Assistant District
Attorney General, for the Appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
1
The record does not include a copy of the judgment forms.
2
The petitioner was originally sentenced to 124 years. See State v. Anthony Allen, No.
W2006-01080-CCA-R3-CD, 2007 WL 1836175, at *1 n.1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Jackson, June 25, 2007).
The trial court subsequently determined that the number “124” was inadvertently typed as the length of the
petitioner’s sentence. Id. It entered an “Order Modifying Finding[s] of Fact and Conclusions of Law,”
which stated that the sentence was actually 104 years. Id.Background. As a preliminary matter, we note that the record presented on appeal
is extremely limited. It contains the petition for post-conviction relief, the State’s response
to the petition, and the trial court’s order denying the petition. In setting forth the
circumstances of this appeal, we are reliant on the prior appellate decisions for this case.
Before addressing the petition for post-conviction relief, we must review the
preceding procedural history. The petitioner challenged his convictions and sentence on
direct appeal. See Anthony Allen, 2005 WL 1606350, at *1. This court’s opinion shows that
the petitioner was convicted of seven counts of aggravated robbery, eight counts of
aggravated rape, and one count of facilitation of aggravated rape. Id. at *3. The trial court
merged several of these convictions. Id. at *15 n.13. The petitioner claimed on appeal that
the trial court erred by imposing consecutive sentencing. Id. at *7. He argued that the trial
court failed to specify its reasons for imposing consecutive sentencing. Id. The petitioner
also claimed the consecutive sentences violated his constitutional rights under the holdings
in Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296, 124 S. Ct. 2531 (2004) and Apprendi v. New Jersey,
530 U.S. 466, 120 S. Ct. 2348 (2000). Id. This court reversed one of the convictions for
aggravated rape, remanding it for a new trial. Id. at *15. It remanded the remaining
convictions for a new sentencing hearing so that the trial court could reconsider whether
consecutive sentencing was appropriate. Id. This court stated:
The defendant argues that the trial court failed to adequately recite the
reasons that it imposed consecutive sentences. Tennessee Rule of Criminal
Procedure 32(c)(1) requires that the trial court “specifically recite the reasons”
for the imposition of consecutive sentencing. In this case, the trial court found,
“the defendant had no hesitancy here at all in his involvement” and “this
defendant is a dangerous offender.” This language is similar to that in
Tennessee Code Annotated 40-35-115(b)(4): “The defendant is a dangerous
offender whose behavior indicates little or no regard for human life, and no
hesitation about committing a crime in which the risk to human life is high.”
However, for dangerous offenders, the imposition of consecutive sentences
requires additional findings that the sentence is necessary to protect the public
against further criminal conduct by the defendant and that the consecutive
sentences reasonably relate to the severity of the offenses committed. State v.
Wilkerson, 905 S.W.2d 933, 939 (Tenn. 1995). Proof that a defendant’s
behavior indicated no hesitation when the risk to life was high “is proof that
the offender is a dangerous offender, but it may not be sufficient to sustain
consecutive sentences.” Id. at 938.
The record in the instant cases reflects that the trial court failed to make
these findings. In addition, the record contains no showing that the lengthy
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124-year sentence is “no greater than that deserved for the offense committed.”
See State v. Imfield, 70 S.W.3d 698, 708 (Tenn. 2002) (quoting Tenn. Code
Ann. § 40-35-103(2)). Consequently, the case is remanded to the trial court
for re-sentencing.
Id. at *7-8.
On remand, the trial court again determined that consecutive sentencing was
appropriate, and it sentenced the petitioner to 104 years. Anthony Allen, 2007 WL 1836175,
at *1. The trial court gave the following justification for imposing consecutive sentencing:
After considering the statutory criteria and the purposes
and principles of consecutive sentencing, the Court finds that the
defendant is a dangerous offender according to the definition
stated in Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b)(4). The defendant
systematically terrorized a number of females over the course of
a month. He demoralized, robbed, and raped these women with
an absolute disregard for human life which was made obvious
by his unprovoked actions. What female was to be victimized
was unimportant to the defendant. His random acts demonstrate
that he did not hesitate to commit a crime in which the risk to
human life was high. The defendant’s conduct clearly satisfies
the condition stated in Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b)(4),
therefore, the defendant is a dangerous offender.
The Court finds that the consecutive sentencing, which
results in 124 year sentence, reasonably relates to the severity of
the crimes committed by the defendant. Specifically, the Court
cites as justification for the consecutive sentence the fact that on
three separate occasions, all within a month, the defendant
participated in the rape and robbery of eight women.
Furthermore, the Court finds that consecutive sentencing is
necessary to protect the public from further crime on behalf of
the defendant. The defendant’s determination to engage in
criminal conduct with absolutely no concern for human life
results in the belief of the Court that a consecutive sentence is
necessary to protect the public from the defendant.
....
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After considering the statutory criteria and purposes of
consecutive sentencing, the Court also finds that the defendant’s
extensive criminal activity justifies the administration of a
consecutive sentence. This determination is based upon the
offenses for which the defendant is presently being sentenced.
The Court of Criminal Appeals has held that the court may
consider the offenses for which a defendant is being sentenced
in determining whether the defendant has an extensive record of
criminal activity. State v. Daryl Adrian Benjamin Ingram, No.
W2002-00936-CCA-R3-CD, 2003 WL 721704, at *3 (Tenn.
Crim. App. Feb. 26, 2003). The Court concludes that the extent
of the defendant’s crimes in the present case justify the
implementation of consecutive sentences pursuant to Tenn.
Code Ann. § 40-35-115(b)(2).
Id. (footnote omitted).
The petitioner appealed from the trial court’s order. He did not contest the preceding
findings regarding the length of his sentence. His sole claim was that the trial court lacked
authority to impose consecutive sentencing under the Sixth Amendment. Id. at *2. In
support, he cited to the holdings in Blakely and Apprendi. Id. This court rejected the
petitioner’s argument, and it affirmed the judgments of the trial court. Id. at *3. The
petitioner appealed to the Tennessee Supreme Court, which also denied the petitioner relief.
State v. Allen, 259 S.W.3d 671, 690 (Tenn. 2008). The court held that Tennessee’s
consecutive sentencing scheme was constitutional under Blakely and Apprendi. Id. at 689-
90.
The petitioner filed a petition for post-conviction relief based on ineffective assistance
of counsel. His argument centered on the following statement from the initial direct appeal:
“the record contains no showing that the lengthy 124-year sentence is ‘no greater than that
deserved for the offense committed.”’ Anthony Allen, 2005 WL 1606350, at *8 (quoting
T.C.A. § 40-35-103(2)). The petitioner claimed that when the case was remanded for
resentencing, the trial court again failed to address whether he deserved his sentence. He
argued that defense counsel should have contested this issue at resentencing and on appeal.
A hearing was held to address the petition for post-conviction relief. Defense counsel
was the only witness to testify. He said he represented the petitioner on the initial direct
appeal, on remand for resentencing, and on the subsequent direct appeal. Defense counsel
stated that the sentence for each offense was presumptively correct; therefore, he chose to
appeal only the use of consecutive sentencing. He believed the petitioner’s best argument
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was that the trial court lacked authority to impose consecutive sentencing under Blakely and
Apprendi. Defense counsel acknowledged that he did not contest whether the individual
sentences imposed for each conviction were “greater than the petitioner deserved” for each
of the convicted offenses. When asked directly why he did not raise this issue, defense
counsel explained
[T]o me that’s what we were doing because each individual sentence
was the presumptive sentence at the time. In fact, I believe [the trial court]
even sentenced I believe at the low end of most of these [cases].
The prosecutor clarified the sentencing and stated that the petitioner received the
“presumptive midpoint at twenty years” for the aggravated rape offenses and the
“presumptive low end” for the aggravated robbery offenses. Defense counsel was then asked
why he failed to address the above issue upon remand and further appeal in the case.
Defense counsel replied that, after discussing the issue with the petitioner and his family and
friends, he concluded no additional proof was would be offered. He stated, “strategically we
felt that was a lions move, a strategically sound move to send it back up as [it] was.”
Upon further questioning by the post-conviction court, post-conviction counsel
conceded that, upon remand from this court, the trial court made the requisite Wilkerson
findings for consecutive sentencing. Post-conviction counsel clarified, however, that the
basis for the petitioner’s claim is that there was “no showing that the lengthy one hundred
twenty-four year sentence is no greater than that deserved for the offense committed.” Post-
conviction counsel interpreted this language as “essentially saying that even if the
consecutive sentences are justified under Wilkerson that the facts of this case do not support
the length of the sentences.”
The post-conviction court denied the petitioner relief by written order. It found that
defense counsel’s performance was not deficient. The post-conviction court reasoned that
a challenge to the length of the sentence would have been unsuccessful because the trial court
found that the sentence reasonably related to the severity of the offenses. The post-
conviction court also found that the petitioner misconstrued this court’s statement that “the
record contains no showing that the lengthy 124-year sentence is ‘no greater than that
deserved for the offense committed.”’ Anthony Allen, 2005 WL 1606350, at *8 (quoting
T.C.A. § 40-35-103(2)). It concluded that the statement was either dicta or an
acknowledgment that the trial court made no findings on this issue. Furthermore, the post-
conviction court determined that the petitioner had not shown prejudice. It reasoned that,
even if defense counsel had raised this issue, the trial court would have found that the
petitioner deserved his sentence. The post-conviction court again referred to the trial court’s
finding that the sentence reasonably related to the severity of the offenses.
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The petitioner appealed the post-conviction court’s decision by filing a timely notice
of appeal.
ANALYSIS
The petitioner claims the post-conviction court erred in denying his petition for relief.
He argues that defense counsel was ineffective because he failed to challenge at resentencing
or on appeal whether the petitioner deserved his 104-year sentence. The petitioner contends
this court already held that the sentence was excessive on the initial direct appeal. He refers
to this court’s statement that “the record contains no showing that the lengthy 124-year
sentence is ‘no greater than that deserved for the offense committed.”’ Anthony Allen, 2005
WL 1606350, at *8 (quoting T.C.A. § 40-35-103(2)). The petitioner asserts that he suffered
prejudice because his sentence was not reduced at resentencing. In response, the State argues
that defense counsel’s representation was not deficient. It asserts that defense counsel
“developed an objectively reasonable defense strategy and pursued it throughout the course
of his representation.” The State also contends that the petitioner was not prejudiced. It
claims the trial court made clear that a challenge to the length of the sentence would have
been unsuccessful.
Standard of Review. Post-conviction relief is only warranted when a petitioner
establishes that his or her conviction is void or voidable because of an abridgement of a
constitutional right. T.C.A. § 40-30-103. The Tennessee Supreme Court has held:
A post-conviction court’s findings of fact are conclusive on appeal unless the
evidence preponderates otherwise. When reviewing factual issues, the
appellate court will not re-weigh or re-evaluate the evidence; moreover, factual
questions involving the credibility of witnesses or the weight of their testimony
are matters for the trial court to resolve. The appellate court’s review of a
legal issue, or of a mixed question of law or fact such as a claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel, is de novo with no presumption of correctness.
Vaughn v. State, 202 S.W.3d 106, 115 (Tenn. 2006) (internal quotation and citations
omitted). “The petitioner bears the burden of proving factual allegations in the petition for
post-conviction relief by clear and convincing evidence.” Id. (citing T.C.A. § 40-30-110(f);
Wiley v. State, 183 S.W.3d 317, 325 (Tenn. 2006)). Evidence is considered clear and
convincing when there is no serious or substantial doubt about the accuracy of the
conclusions drawn from it. Hicks v. State, 983 S.W.2d 240, 245 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998)
(citing Hodges v. S.C. Toof & Co., 833 S.W.2d 896, 901 n.3 (Tenn. 1992)).
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In order to prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, the petitioner must
establish that (1) his lawyer’s performance was deficient and (2) the deficient performance
prejudiced the defense. Vaughn, 202 S.W.3d at 116 (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466
U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064 (1984); Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn.
1975)). “[A] failure to prove either deficiency or prejudice provides a sufficient basis to
deny relief on the ineffective assistance claim. Indeed, a court need not address the
components in any particular order or even address both if the [petitioner] makes an
insufficient showing of one component.” Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 370 (Tenn. 1996)
(citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697, 104 S. Ct. at 2069).
A petitioner successfully demonstrates deficient performance when the clear and
convincing evidence proves that his attorney’s conduct fell below “an objective standard of
reasonableness under prevailing professional norms.” Id. at 369 (citing Strickland, 466 U.S.
at 688, 104 S. Ct. at 2065; Baxter, 523 S.W.2d at 936). Prejudice arising therefrom is
demonstrated once the petitioner establishes “a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s
unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Id. at 370.
“‘A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the
outcome.’” Id. (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068).
Our review of this issue is hampered by the limited record on appeal. The record does
not contain the order resentencing the petitioner or a transcript setting forth the trial court’s
findings. The only information that we have about resentencing comes from a prior appellate
decision. See Anthony Allen, 2007 WL 1836175, at *1. The appellant has a duty to prepare
a record that conveys “a fair, accurate and complete account of what transpired with respect
to those issues that are the bases of appeal.” T.R.A.P. 24(b); see also State v. Taylor, 992
S.W.2d 941, 944 (Tenn. 1999). This court is precluded from considering an issue if the
record does not contain parts of the record upon which a party relies. State v. Roberts, 755
S.W.2d 833, 836 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1988) (citing State v. Groseclose, 615 S.W.2d 142, 147
(Tenn. 1981)). The petitioner’s claim centers on the trial court’s failure to address whether
he deserved his sentence. Thus, his claim is dependent on the trial court’s findings during
resentencing. Without a copy of these findings, we are precluded from reviewing this issue.
Accordingly, we must presume that the trial court’s findings were supported by the evidence.
State v. Bibbs, 806 S.W.2d 786, 790 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1991) (citing Smith v. State, 584
S.W.2d 811, 812 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1979); Vermilye v. State, 584 S.W.2d 226, 230 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1979)).
Even if we were to rely on the record presented, the petitioner would not be entitled
to relief. We agree with the post-conviction court’s determination on this issue. We view
the language from this court’s direct appeal in this case as no more than an acknowledgment
that the trial court failed to explicitly recite the Wilkerson factors. We disagree with the
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petitioner’s claim that this court already held that the petitioner’s sentence was greater than
he deserved. The petitioner relies on the following statement from the initial direct appeal:
“the record contains no showing that the lengthy 124-year sentence is ‘no greater than that
deserved for the offense committed.”’ Anthony Allen, 2005 WL 1606350, at *8 (quoting
T.C.A. § 40-35-103(2)). The petitioner emphasizes that this court used the term “showing”
rather than “finding.” The term “finding” was used in the paragraph’s preceding sentence
in reference to the absent Wilkerson findings. Id. Despite the inconsistent terminology, we
interpret the term “showing” as denoting that the trial court gave no explanation for why the
petitioner deserved his sentence. The context of the statement indicates that this court was
concerned with the trial court’s failure to articulate its reasons for imposing consecutive
sentencing. We see particular significance in the fact that this court provided no explanation
for why the petitioner did not deserve his sentence. In resentencing the petitioner, the trial
court was under no obligation to reduce the sentence originally imposed.
Finally, the petitioner has not shown that he was prejudiced by defense counsel’s
representation. As stated above, prejudice requires establishing to “a reasonable probability
that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.” Goad, 938 S.W.2d at 370. Here, the trial court determined, though not explicitly,
that the petitioner deserved his lengthy sentence. See Anthony Allen, 2007 WL 1836175,
at *1. The trial court found that the sentence reasonably related to the severity of the crimes
committed and was necessary to protect the public. Id. It referred to “the fact that on three
separate occasions, all within a month, the defendant participated in the rape and robbery of
eight women.” Id. The trial court also found that the extent of the offenses committed
justified the consecutive sentences. Id. These findings definitively show that the trial court
would not have altered its sentencing determinations had defense counsel argued that the
petitioner’s sentence was greater than he deserved. The petitioner’s claim is without merit.
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, the judgment of the post-conviction court is affirmed.
______________________________
CAMILLE R. McMULLEN, JUDGE
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