Andrew D. Harville v. State of Tennessee

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Assigned on Briefs January 10, 2012
ANDREW D. HARVILLE v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Tipton County
No. 5765 Joseph H. Walker, Judge
No. W2011-00835-CCA-R3-PC - Filed August 13, 2012
Petitioner, Andrew D. Harville, was convicted by a jury of first degree premeditated murder
and felony evading arrest. Petitioner was sentenced by the trial court to life imprisonment
for his murder conviction and two years for evading arrest, and his sentences were ordered
to be served consecutively. This Court affirmed Petitioner’s convictions on direct appeal.
A summary of the facts underlying Petitioner’s convictions can be found in this Court’s
opinion in State v. Andrew Deon Harville, No. W2008-02375-CCA-R3-CD, 2010 WL
571786 (Tenn. Crim. App. at Jackson, filed Feb. 19, 2010), perm. app. denied (Tenn. June
16, 2010). Petitioner filed a petition for post-conviction relief, alleging that he received the
ineffective assistance of counsel at trial. The post-conviction court denied Petitioner’s
request for relief following an evidentiary hearing. Petitioner appeals. Finding no error, we
affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
T HOMAS T. W OODALL, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which J OHN E VERETT
W ILLIAMS and A LAN E. G LENN, JJ., joined.
Taylor Forrester, Covington, Tennessee, (on appeal) and Gary F. Antrican, District Public
Defender; David S. Stockton, Assistant Public Defender; and Jeff Lee, Assistant Public
Defender, (at trial) for the appellant, Andrew D. Harville.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Sophia S. Lee, Assistant Attorney
General; and D. Michael Dunavant, District Attorney General, Jason Poyner, Assistant
District Attorney General, James Walter Freeland, Jr., Assistant District Attorney General,
and P. Neal Oldham, Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of
Tennessee.
OPINION
Post-conviction hearing
Petitioner testified that he was convicted by a jury of first degree murder. His trial
counsel was initially retained and later appointed to represent him. Petitioner testified that
trial counsel met with him in jail “probably three times” prior to trial. At their first meeting
in February, 2008, trial counsel communicated a plea offer by which Petitioner would plead
guilty to second degree murder and be sentenced to 25 years to be served at 100 percent.
Petitioner testified that counsel advised him to accept the plea offer and gave him three days
to consider the offer. He testified that trial counsel did not provide him with, or discuss any,
discovery materials prior to presenting the offer.
Petitioner testified that counsel met with him again in March, 2008, to give Petitioner
a copy of the State’s discovery response, but counsel did not discuss it with him. Thereafter,
Petitioner wrote letters to counsel requesting that he file a motion to suppress Petitioner’s
statement on the basis that Petitioner was intoxicated, but counsel did not file the motion.
Petitioner testified that he continued to request that counsel file a motion to suppress and that
he argued with counsel about filing a motion, and he “told [counsel] he was fired because he
wasn’t doing what [Petitioner] was asking him to do.” Petitioner testified that he gave the
statement to investigators on the date of the murder after having drank “[p]robably a half a
gallon” of vodka.
Petitioner told counsel about potential witnesses that could be called to testify on his
behalf at trial, but counsel did not contact all of them. Petitioner spoke to counsel on August
21, 2008, just days prior to trial. Petitioner testified that “the stuff he was telling me that they
said, if I had of knew [sic], I would have took [sic] the plea.” Petitioner also testified that
during jury selection, counsel provided him with a list of potential jurors, and Petitioner
asked counsel to strike certain jurors, but counsel refused, stating “[w]e want to keep them.”
Petitioner testified that counsel sent him a letter dated February 19, 2008, in which
counsel advised that Petitioner had only a 20 percent chance of being convicted of any lesser
offense than second degree murder. Petitioner testified that he never had an opportunity to
discuss the letter with counsel because he “didn’t see him no more [sic]” between the time
he received the letter and the August 21st meeting. Petitioner chose not to testify at trial. He
testified that trial counsel did not adequately prepare him to testify.
On cross-examination, Petitioner acknowledged that in a ten-page letter from counsel
to Petitioner dated June 16, 2008, counsel “responded to each and every” concern Petitioner
had expressed. Petitioner testified that prior to trial, counsel told him “what those new
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[State’s] witnesses said and who they were and this and that,” and Petitioner asked to accept
the State’s plea offer but that counsel said it was “too late.” Petitioner acknowledged that
he was at the Farm Club, where the shooting occurred, on September 15, 2007, but he could
not recall what happened because he was intoxicated.
Petitioner’s trial counsel testified that he had been employed with the Public
Defender’s Office since 1992. He was appointed to represent Petitioner after Petitioner was
indicted for first degree murder and felony evading arrest on November 30, 2007. Trial
counsel testified that he conveyed a plea offer from the State by which Petitioner would plead
guilty to second degree murder in exchange for a sentence of 25 years to be served at 100
percent. Trial counsel reviewed the State’s discovery response with Petitioner, but he did not
recall in “how much detail” he discussed it with Petitioner. He testified that during his
representation of Petitioner, Petitioner became uncooperative and “was only interested in
pursuing his defense from the standpoint of, . . . , [he] was drunk.” Counsel testified that the
State had a videotape of Petitioner leaving the crime scene and throwing the murder weapon
out of his car door. Counsel testified that he did not file a motion to suppress because “the
only way [Petitioner] could get his self-defense argument in front of the jury was to let his
statement come in.” Counsel did not recall that Petitioner told him he was incompetent to
give a statement. Counsel believed that Petitioner understood his rights at the time he gave
his statement.
Trial counsel testified that he contacted the potential witnesses Petitioner supplied
him, and he determined that “they weren’t going to be able to justify a homicide based on
[Petitioner’s] perceptions.” Trial counsel testified that he contacted three or four potential
witnesses and determined that their testimony was not relevant. Counsel “didn’t take up the
Court’s time with something that foolish.”
Trial counsel testified that he and his investigators “spent an inordinate amount of
time on [Petitioner’s] case.” He testified that he was “very well prepared to go to trial
[although he] would have preferred not to.” Regarding jury selection, trial counsel did not
recall “a specific person that he said keep or not keep that we disagreed on.” Counsel
testified that he discussed with Petitioner whether or not Petitioner would testify at trial
during some of their earliest meetings. Counsel testified that he explained to Petitioner that
in order to establish his defense, Petitioner would have to testify, but Petitioner chose not to
testify. Counsel testified,
I felt like as far as his theory of self-defense, about the only credible way to
get it in front of the jury was to let in his statement mentioning the fact that
the other guy had a gun. That if he got up, especially since no gun was
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found, that the cross-examination based on his prior record and his ability
to be a witness for himself would get lost.
I figured probably that he would allow himself to get angry and scare the
jury by being the type of person they would expect might get drunk and
shoot somebody if he said the wrong word.
Trial counsel testified that he made a strategic decision not to challenge the admission
of Petitioner’s statement because without Petitioner’s testimony at trial, there was no other
way to present Petitioner’s account of the events. Counsel testified, “that was our basis, is
to let his statement come in and try to leave the jury with the impression that there was some
self-defense element.”
Trial counsel testified that he was initially under the impression that the shooting
occurred within minutes after Petitioner left the Farm Club following an altercation, but he
later discovered that Petitioner had left two or three hours prior to returning with a gun.
Counsel also learned that two witnesses observed Petitioner in his car with a shotgun prior
to the shooting, and one of the witnesses heard Petitioner say that he was waiting there to kill
someone. Counsel testified that the evidence of premeditation was strong. Counsel testified
that Petitioner “had been sitting in the parking lot with a loaded shotgun waiting for an
opportunity to kill the bouncer, and the poor man came out and got killed.”
Special Agent David Harmon, a criminal investigator with the Tennessee Bureau of
Investigation, was the lead investigator in this case. He testified that he responded to the
crime scene and interviewed witnesses there. Agent Harmon testified that the shooting
occurred at approximately 2:00 or 3:00 a.m., and he met with Petitioner in jail at
approximately 7:00 a.m. on the same morning. Agent Harmon was aware that Petitioner had
been awake all night and had been drinking alcohol. He testified that Petitioner smelled of
alcohol. Agent Harmon testified, however, that Petitioner had been in custody since shortly
after the shooting, and Petitioner did not appear to Agent Harmon to be intoxicated. Agent
Harmon read to Petitioner a waiver form, which stated, “At the time I’m making this
statement, I’m not under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or any other type of intoxicant
which would render me incapable of understanding the statement made by me.” Petitioner
signed the waiver.
Agent Harmon testified that sometime during his questioning of Petitioner, Petitioner
became agitated with another detective there and requested “to go to the back.” Agent
Harmon testified that “[they] took a break, let cooler heads prevail, and the deputies took
[Petitioner] over to the jurors’ room.” Agent Harmon testified that he did not end the
questioning because he “needed to get his statement on what happened” and that “[e]ven if
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Petitioner [wanted to end the questioning], [they] were going to find out what happened.”
Agent Harmon testified that Petitioner “calmed down,” and that “[t]he second time he was
real cooperative, a lot more polite, [and he] wanted to tell what happened.” Agent Harmon
wrote the statement, which Petitioner then reviewed, made a correction, and signed.
Analysis
To be successful in a claim for post-conviction relief, the petitioner must prove all
factual allegations contained in the post-conviction petition by clear and convincing
evidence. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f) (2006). “‘Clear and convincing evidence
means evidence in which there is no serious or substantial doubt about the correctness of the
conclusions drawn from the evidence.’” State v. Holder, 15 S.W.3d 905, 911 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 1999) (quoting Hodges v. S.C. Toof & Co., 833 S.W.2d 896, 901 n. 2 (Tenn. 1992)).
Issues regarding the credibility of witnesses, the weight and value to be accorded their
testimony, and the factual questions raised by the evidence adduced at trial are to be resolved
by the post-conviction court as the trier of fact. See Henley v. State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 579
(Tenn. 1997). Therefore, we afford the post-conviction court’s findings of fact the weight
of a jury verdict, with such findings being conclusive on appeal absent a showing that the
evidence in the record preponderates against those findings. Id. at 578.
A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is a mixed question of law and fact. See
State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3d 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999). We will review the post-conviction court’s
findings of fact de novo with a presumption that those findings are correct. See Fields v.
State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001). However, we will review the post-conviction
court’s conclusions of law purely de novo. Id.
“To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner bears the burden of
proving both that counsel’s performance was deficient and that the deficiency prejudiced the
defense.” Goad v. State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 369 (Tenn. 1996) (citing Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064 (1984)). In evaluating whether the
petitioner has met this burden, this Court must determine whether counsel’s performance was
within the range of competence required of attorneys in criminal cases. See Baxter v. Rose,
523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn.1975).
Petitioner contends that his trial counsel was ineffective for inadequately preparing
his case for trial, inadequately preparing Petitioner to testify, and for failing to file a motion
to suppress Petitioner’s statement on the basis that Petitioner was intoxicated at the time of
the statement. Petitioner argues that trial counsel’s decision not to seek suppression of the
statement provided the jury with “an absolute confession to the underlying crime” rather than
evidence in support of self-defense. Petitioner complains that trial counsel’s first meeting
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with Petitioner was in February, 2008, although counsel testified that he was appointed to
represent Petitioner three months earlier in November, 2007. Petitioner also complains that
counsel did not adequately discuss with him the State’s evidence before presenting him with
a plea offer; and therefore, Petitioner’s decision to reject the State’s plea offer was ill-
informed.
The State responds that Petitioner has not shown any grounds upon which a motion
to suppress his statement would have been granted. In its order denying Petitioner’s post-
conviction petition, the post-conviction court found as follows:
. . . . [Trial counsel] felt the statement made by the petitioner to Agent
Harmon was beneficial to help establish self-defense, since the statement
claimed the victim had a weapon. Petitioner never stated to counsel he was
drunk or incompetent to make a statement. For example, Petitioner told law
enforcement what his rights were. The statement was on video, which
counsel reviewed, Counsel did not perceive a basis to suppress the
statement.
....
. . . . Petitioner testified that the statement was not his, that he did not make
that statement.
Before any statement was made, the Petitioner was advised of the
rights due him under the Miranda decision, and he was advised of his rights
in writing, and signed that he understood his rights and was willing to make
a statement and answer questions without a lawyer being present.
Agent Harmon testified that Petitioner was not drunk and voluntarily
gave the statement. He went over the statement with Petitioner, and
petitioner approved the statement and made at least one correction.
Petitioner did not give a different statement. He gave an initial oral
statement, but became upset with [another detective] in the room, and left.
Approximately 45 minutes later the written statement was taken by Agent
Harmon. Petitioner was calm and spoke much as he did in court at the
hearing.
The court accredits Agent Harmon’s testimony that the petitioner’s
statements were voluntary. Petitioner has shown no basis to file a motion.
Furthermore, the petitioner failed to establish any basis upon which the
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motion would have been granted had it been filed. The first degree murder
happened after petitioner laid in wait in a parking lot and purposefully shot
the victim in front of witnesses. There was overwhelming proof against the
petitioner.
We conclude that the evidence does not preponderate against the trial court’s findings.
Trial counsel testified that the decision not to file a motion to suppress Petitioner’s statement
was a strategic one in that it was the only means by which to present Petitioner’s theory of
self-defense. The post-conviction court accredited Agent Harmon’s testimony that Petitioner
was not intoxicated at the time he gave his statement. Furthermore, Petitioner has not
established that he was prejudiced by trial counsel’s failure to seek suppression of his
statement. Even if trial counsel had filed, and the trial court granted, a motion to suppress
Petitioner’s statement, there was sufficient evidence, other than the statement, of Petitioner’s
guilt at trial. In our opinion on direct appeal, this Court observed:
Multiple witnesses testified that [the victim] did not possess a weapon that
night other than the mace used to spray [Petitioner]. Next, several witnesses
testified that [Petitioner] made threats and declarations of his intent to kill
[the victim]. . . . Evidence was also presented that [Petitioner] took steps
to procure a weapon. The owner of The Farm testified that [Petitioner] was
dropped off at the club that night[.] Several staff members stated that after
[Petitioner] was sprayed with mace, he walked off the premises toward the
highway. [Petitioner] later reappeared in his gray Pontiac with a shotgun.
State v. Andrew Deon Harville, No. W2008-02375-CCA-R3-CD, 2010 WL 571786, *6
(Tenn. Crim. App. at Jackson, filed Feb. 19, 2010), perm. app. denied (Tenn. June 16, 2010).
Trial counsel evaluated Petitioner’s credibility and criminal history and determined
that Petitioner would make a poor witness. Furthermore, counsel testified that Petitioner
chose not to testify after adequate preparation and discussion. The transcript of the trial
proceedings shows that Petitioner was questioned by the trial court and confirmed his
decision not to testify. Petitioner has not shown that trial counsel was deficient for failing
to adequately advise or prepare him to testify or that Petitioner’s testimony would have
changed the outcome of the trial. Petitioner is not entitled to relief.
CONCLUSION
After a careful review of the record, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction
court.
_________________________________
THOMAS T. WOODALL, JUDGE
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