State of Tennessee v. David Wayne Gray

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
August 18, 2009 Session
STATE OF TENNESSEE V. DAVID WAYNE GRAY
Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Wilson County
No. 97-0201 Jane Wheatcraft, Judge
No. M2008-02843-CCA-R3-PC - Filed November 13, 2009
The Petitioner, David Wayne Gray, appeals the dismissal of his petition for post-conviction relief.
The post-conviction court dismissed the petition, finding that the petition was time barred and that
no due process consideration existed to toll the statute of limitations. After a thorough review of the
record and the applicable law, we affirm the post-conviction court’s dismissal of the petition as time
barred.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID H. WELLES and
JERRY L. SMITH , JJ., joined.
Nathan Whittle, Lebanon, Tennessee, for the Appellant, David Wayne Gray.
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Michael E. Moore, Solicitor General; Deshea
Dulany Faughn, Assistant Attorney General; Tom P. Thompson, District Attorney General; Robert
Hibbett, Assistant District Attorney General, for the Appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. Facts
On September 9, 1997, the Petitioner plead guilty to rape as a Range I standard offender.
Pursuant to the plea agreement, he was sentenced to eight years at 30%, with one year to be served
in the county jail and the remainder to be served on supervised probation. The judgment did not
reflect a requirement of community supervision for life, which is required for all rape convictions
pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-13-524 (2006).
In May 1999, the trial court found the Petitioner had violated his probation, ordered him to
serve thirty days in jail, and transferred the supervision of his probation to Community Corrections.
In May 2001, the trial court revoked the Petitioner’s Community Corrections sentence and ordered
the Petitioner to serve his sentence in the Tennessee Department of Correction (“TDOC”). While in
the TDOC, the Petitioner filed a habeas corpus petition asserting that his 1997 sentence was illegal.
The trial court granted habeas corpus relief and allowed the Petitioner to enter a new plea to a reduced
charge of attempted rape with a sentence of six years at 30%. The judgment, entered July 12, 2004,
reflected the requirement that the Petitioner be under community supervision for life. This specific
provision of the agreement was not addressed by the trial court at the hearing where the Petitioner
entered his plea. Due to the time already served on his sentence, the Petitioner was released from
TDOC.
According to the Petitioner, he was contacted in August 2005 by the Board of Probation and
Parole and informed that, based on an error, the Petitioner had not been enrolled in community
supervision for life but needed to do so pursuant to the 2004 plea. In February 2006, the Petitioner
was indicted on seven counts of violating community supervision for life. These charges were later
dismissed as part of a plea agreement with other unrelated charges. In August 2007, the Petitioner
wrote a letter to the trial court requesting a hearing regarding the community supervision for life
requirement. The trial court treated the letter as a request for post-conviction relief and appointed
counsel for the Petitioner. Subsequently, the State filed a motion to dismiss the petition because it
was filed after the statute of limitations. After a hearing on this motion, the trial court found no due
process right had been violated to toll the statute of limitations and thus dismissed the petition for
failure to file it within the one year statute of limitations. The Petitioner now appeals this judgment.
II. Analysis
On appeal, the Petitioner argues that the post-conviction court erred when it dismissed his
petition for post-conviction relief based upon the one-year statute of limitations and when it failed
to hold an evidentiary hearing. He asserts that due process requires the tolling of the post-conviction
limitations period because he was not informed by trial counsel of the requirement of community
supervision at the time of the guilty plea. The State argues that the trial court properly dismissed the
petition as time-barred.
In order to obtain post-conviction relief, a petitioner must show that his or her conviction or
sentence is void or voidable because of the abridgment of a constitutional right. T.C.A. § 40-30-103
(2006). The petitioner bears the burden of proving factual allegations in the petition for post-
conviction relief by clear and convincing evidence. T.C.A. § 40-30-110(f) (2006). The post-
conviction court’s findings of fact are conclusive on appeal unless the evidence preponderates against
it. Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 456-57 (Tenn. 2001). Upon review, this Court will not re-weigh
or re-evaluate the evidence below; all questions concerning the credibility of witnesses, the weight
and value to be given their testimony and the factual issues raised by the evidence are to be resolved
by the trial judge, not the appellate courts. Momon v. State, 18 S.W.3d 152, 156 (Tenn. 1999); Henley
v. State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 578-79 (Tenn. 1997). A post-conviction court’s conclusions of law,
however, are subject to a purely de novo review by this Court, with no presumption of correctness.
Id. at 457.
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Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-102(a), which provides the limitation on the filing
of petitions for post-conviction relief, reads in part:
[A] person in custody under a sentence of a court of this state must petition for post-
conviction relief under this part within one (1) year of the date of the final action of
the highest appellate court to which an appeal is taken or, if no appeal is taken, within
one (1) year of the date on which the judgment became final, or consideration of the
petition shall be barred.
The statute then lists circumstances under which the statute of limitations may be tolled.
No court shall have jurisdiction to consider a petition filed after the expiration of the
limitations period unless:
(1) The claim in the petition is based upon a final ruling of an appellate court
establishing a constitutional right that was not recognized as existing at the time of
trial, if retrospective application of that right is required.
(2) The claim in the petition is based upon new scientific evidence establishing that
the petitioner is actually innocent of the offense or offenses for which the petitioner
was convicted; or
(3) The claim asserted in the petition seeks relief from a sentence that was enhanced
because of a previous conviction and the conviction in the case in which the claim
is asserted was not a guilty plea with an agreed sentence, and the previous conviction
has subsequently been held to be invalid . . . .
T.C.A. § 40-30-102(b) (2006). Tennessee courts have previously recognized that in certain
circumstances, strict application of the statute of limitations would deny a defendant the reasonable
opportunity to bring a post-conviction claim, and, in these instances, due process requires the tolling
of the statute of limitations. See Crawford v. State, 151 S.W.3d 179 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2004); Williams
v. State, 44 S.W.3d 464 (Tenn. 2001); Sands v. State, 903 S.W.2d 297 (Tenn. 1995); Burford v. State,
845 S.W.2d 204 (Tenn. 1992).
In Sands, our Supreme Court laid out a three-step process for determining whether due process
requires the tolling of the statute of limitations:
(1) determine when the limitations period would normally have begun to run; (2)
determine whether the grounds for relief actually arose after the limitations period
would normally have commenced; and (3) if the grounds are “later-arising,”
determine if, under the facts of the case, a strict application of the limitations period
would effectively deny the petitioner a reasonable opportunity to present the claim.
In making this final determination, courts should carefully weigh the petitioner’s
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liberty interest in “collaterally attacking constitutional violations occurring during the
conviction process,” against the State’s interest in preventing the litigation of “stale
and fraudulent claims.”
Sands, 903 S.W.2d at 301 (citations omitted).
The first step of the analysis requires us to determine when the limitations period normally
would have begun. The 2004 judgment was entered July 12, 2004, and thus the limitations period
would have begun in this case on August 11, 2004, when the judgment became final. T.C.A. § 40-30-
102(a) (2006). Next we must determine whether the grounds arose after the commencement of the
limitations period. The Petitioner argues that his attorney never explained to him that, as required by
Tennessee Code Annotated section 39-13-524, part of the plea agreement required him to be on
community supervision for life. This statutory requirement for community supervision for life has not
changed since its effective date of July 1, 1996. Thus nothing arose with regard to the Petitioner’s
claim after the statute of limitations commenced. We conclude, therefore, that the statute of
limitations should not be tolled in the Petitioner’s case.
The Petitioner is essentially making an attorney misrepresentation claim. Tennessee courts
have found that, in some cases, attorney misrepresentation violates due process requiring the statute
of limitations be tolled. These cases, however, are limited to situations where counsel made
misrepresentations directly related to filing a defendant’s appeal, thus placing the defendant in a
procedural trap. See Crawford, 151 S.W.3d at 184. Because this case does not involve such a
misrepresentation, the Petitioner is not entitled to relief.
III. Conclusion
After a thorough review of the record and the applicable law, we conclude that the trial court
did not err when it dismissed the Petitioner’s petition for post-conviction relief as time-barred. As
such, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
_________________________________
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE
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