State v. Noah Noble

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
FILED
JANUARY 1998 SESSION
January 30, 1998
Cecil Crowson, Jr.
STATE OF TENNESSEE, ) Appellate C ourt Clerk
) NO. 02C01-9701-CC-00060
Appellee, )
) CARROLL COUNTY
VS. )
) HON. C. CREED McGINLEY,
NOAH GENE NOBLE, ) JUDGE
)
Appellant. ) (Sentencing)
FOR THE APPELLANT: FOR THE APPELLEE:
GUY T. WILKINSON JOHN KNOX WALKUP
District Public Defender Attorney General and Reporter
BILLY ROE (at trial) GEORGIA BLYTHE FELNER
Assistant Public Defender Assistant Attorney General
P.O. Box 663 Cordell Hull Building, 2nd Floor
Camden, TN 38320 425 Fifth Avenue North
Nashville, TN 37243-0493
RAYMOND L. IVEY (on appeal)
Ivey, Parish, & Johns G. ROBERT RADFORD
P.O. Box 229 District Attorney General
Huntingdon, TN 38344
ELEANOR CAHILL
Assistant District Attorney General
P.O. Box 686
Huntingdon, TN 38344
OPINION FILED:
AFFIRMED
JOE G. RILEY,
JUDGE
OPINION
The appellant, Noah Gene Noble, appeals the sentences imposed by the
Circuit Court of Carroll County following his guilty plea to the following: Count 1:
driving on a revoked license; Count 2: evading arrest; Count 3: failure to appear
on counts 1 and 2; Count 4: aggravated burglary; and Count 5: failure to appear
on count 4. The trial court ordered him to serve an effective sentence of almost
fourteen (14) years. The appellant contends the sentences are excessive. The
judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
FACTS
In April 1994, the appellant was driving his car while his drivers license
had been revoked or suspended. Tennessee Highway Patrol Officer Warren
Rainey attempted to arrest appellant for this offense, but he fled. In May 1994,
the appellant failed to appear in court to answer these charges. This led to a
misdemeanor charge for failure to appear.
Later in May 1994, the appellant unlawfully entered the home of Robert
Steve Todd, thereby committing a burglary. The appellant was confronted by the
homeowner’s teenage sons and, after a struggle which included the discharge of
a weapon, he left. In June 1994, the appellant failed to appear to answer the
aggravated burglary charge, and a felony charge for failure to appear resulted.
Appellant entered a plea of guilty and was sentenced as follows:
Count 1: Driving on Revoked License- Six (6) months, to run
concurrently with Count 2.
Count 2: Evading Arrest- Eleven (11) months twenty-nine (29)
days, to run concurrently with Count 1.
Count 3: Failure to Appear- Eleven (11) months twenty-nine (29)
days, to run consecutively with all other offenses.
Count 4: Aggravated Burglary- Nine (9) years to run consecutively
with all other offenses.
Count 5: Failure to Appear- Three (3) years to run consecutively
with all other offenses.
SENTENCING STANDARD OF REVIEW
2
This Court’s review of the sentences imposed by the trial court is de novo
with a presumption of correctness. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-401(d). This
presumption is conditioned upon an affirmative showing in the record that the
trial judge considered the sentencing principles and all relevant facts and
circumstances. State v. Ashby, 823 S.W.2d 166, 169 (Tenn. 1991). If the trial
court fails to comply with the statutory directives, there is no presumption of
correctness and our review is de novo. State v. Poole, 945 S.W.2d 93, 96
(Tenn. 1997).
The burden is on the appealing party to show that the sentence is
improper. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-401(d) Sentencing Commission Comments.
In conducting our review, we are required, pursuant to Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-
210, to consider the following factors in sentencing:
(1) [t]he evidence, if any, received at the trial and the sentencing
hearing; (2) [t]he presentence report; (3) [t]he principles of sentencing
and arguments as to sentencing alternatives; (4) [t]he nature and
characteristics of the criminal conduct involved; (5) [e]vidence and
information offered by the parties on the enhancement and mitigating
factors in §§ 40-35-113 and 40-35-114; and (6) [a]ny statement the
defendant wishes to make in his own behalf about sentencing.
If our review reflects that the trial court followed the statutory sentencing
procedure, imposed a lawful sentence after giving due consideration and proper
weight to the factors and principles set out under sentencing law, and the trial
court’s findings are adequately supported by the record, then we may not modify
the sentence even if we would have preferred a different result. State v.
Fletcher, 805 S.W.2d 785, 789 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1991).
EXCESSIVE SENTENCES
As to the two (2) felony convictions, appellant was sentenced as a Range
II, Multiple Offender. The appellant contends that sentences of nine (9) years for
aggravated burglary, three (3) years for felony failure to appear, and eleven (11)
months and twenty-nine (29) days for evading arrest are excessive.
3
A.
If no mitigating or enhancing factors for sentencing are present, Tenn.
Code Ann. § 40-35-210(c) provides that the presumptive sentence shall be the
minimum sentence within the applicable range. See State v. Fletcher, 805
S.W.2d at 788. However, if such factors do exist, a trial court should start at the
minimum sentence, enhance the minimum sentence within the range for
aggravating factors and then reduce the sentence within the range for the
mitigating factors. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-210(e). No particular weight for
each factor is prescribed by statute, as the weight given to each factor is left to
the discretion of the trial court as long as its findings are supported by the record.
State v. Moss, 727 S.W.2d 229, 238 (Tenn. 1986); State v. Santiago, 914
S.W.2d 116, 125 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995); see Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-210Sentencing Commission Comments. Nevertheless, should there be no
mitigating factors, but enhancement factors are present, a trial court may set the
sentence above the minimum range. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-210(d); see
Manning v. State, 883 S.W.2d 635, 638 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994).
B.
After the sentencing hearing, the trial court found that two (2)
enhancement factors applied in this case: (1) the appellant had a previous
history of criminal convictions in addition to those necessary to establish the
appropriate range, and (2) the offense involved more than one victim. Tenn.
Code Ann. § 40-35-114 (1), (3).
The trial court properly applied enhancement factors in this case. The
appellant had a lengthy history of prior convictions.1 The trial court also properly
found the aggravated burglary offense involved more than one victim.
In addition to the enhancement factors applied by the trial court, we note
1
Appellant had eight (8) prior felony convictions as well as prior
misdemeanor convictions.
4
that the aggravated burglary and felony failure to appear were committed while
the appellant was on bail for introducing alcohol into the county jail. See Tenn.
Code Ann. § 40-35-114 (13)(A). It also appears that some of the appellant’s
previous convictions occurred at a time when he was on probation or parole.
See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-114 (8). This Court is authorized to consider any
enhancing or mitigating factors supported by the record even if not relied upon
by the trial court. See State v. Smith, 910 S.W.2d 457 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1995).
We find these enhancement factors to be applicable.
C.
The appellant was sentenced as a Range II, Multiple Offender for the
felony convictions. The sentencing range for aggravated burglary is six (6) to ten
(10) years, and the range for felony failure to appear is two (2) to four (4) years.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-112(b)(3), (5). After giving due consideration to the
factors and principles relevant to sentencing, the trial court imposed sentences
that were within the statutory range and adequately supported by the record.
This Court will not, therefore, disturb those sentences. See State v. Fletcher,
805 S.W.2d at 789.
The appellant further contends his eleven (11) month twenty-nine (29) day
sentence for evading arrest is excessive. This Court has held there is no
presumptive minimum in misdemeanor sentencing. State v. Creasy, 885 S.W.2d
829, 832 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994). The sentence was properly determined by
the trial court, and we see no reason to reduce it.
CONSECUTIVE SENTENCING
Finally, the appellant contends the trial court erred in imposing a
consecutive sentence for the misdemeanor charge of failure to appear. It is
undisputed that the appellant had an extensive prior record of criminal activity.
5
See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-115 (b)(2). We must also determine whether the
consecutive sentences (1) are reasonably related to the severity of the offenses
committed; (2) serve to protect the public from further criminal conduct by the
offender; and (3) are congruent with general principles of sentencing. State v.
Wilkerson, 905 S.W.2d 933, 939 (Tenn. 1995). Although the trial court failed to
make the findings required by Wilkerson, we find that these factors are present
under our power of de novo review. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-401(d).
Consecutive sentencing was appropriate.
For the above reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
__________________________
JOE G. RILEY, JUDGE
CONCUR:
______________________________
JOE B. JONES, PRESIDING JUDGE
______________________________
PAUL G. SUMMERS, JUDGE
6