State of Tennessee v. Juan Lasean Perry

10/13/2021
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs June 8, 2021
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. JUAN LASEAN PERRY
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Maury County
No. 13103 Russell Parkes, Judge
___________________________________
No. M2020-01169-CCA-R3-CD
___________________________________
The Defendant, Juan LaSean Perry, appeals the trial court’s summary denial of his
motion to correct an illegal sentence pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure
36.1 in which he challenged his twenty-five-year sentence resulting from his second
degree murder conviction in 2005. After review, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, P.J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ROBERT H.
MONTGOMERY, JR., and JILL BARTEE AYERS, JJ., joined.
Juan LaSean Perry, Hartsville, Tennessee, pro se.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; David H. Findley, Senior
Assistant Attorney General; Brent A. Cooper, District Attorney General, for the appellee,
State of Tennessee.
OPINION
A Maury County jury convicted the Defendant of second degree murder for his
killing of the victim, Mr. Joey Williams, and the trial court imposed a twenty-five-year
sentence. State v. Juan La Sean Perry, No. M2007-00903-CCA-R3-CD, 2008 WL
1875165, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App. Apr. 28, 2008).1 This court affirmed his conviction
and sentence on direct appeal. Id. at *7. The Defendant filed a petition for post-
conviction relief, and the post-conviction court dismissed his petition as untimely. Juan
La Sean Perry v. State, No. M2013-00986-CCA-R3-PC, 2013 WL 5775814, at *1 (Tenn.
1
We note that the Defendant’s middle name is alternately spelled as one word or two in prior
proceedings.
Crim. App. Oct. 24, 2013). This court affirmed the post-conviction court’s decision on
appeal. Id. at *3. The Defendant filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus, alleging that
his second degree murder conviction was void because his indictment was constructively
amended and that he was improperly required to serve one hundred percent of his
sentence. Juan LaSean Perry v. State, No. M2018-00207-CCA-R3-HC, 2018 WL
3913505, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App. Aug. 15, 2018). The habeas corpus court denied the
petition summarily, and the lower court’s decision was affirmed on appeal. Id. at *3.
The Defendant filed a second petition for writ of habeas corpus, alleging that he was
improperly convicted of second degree murder as a lesser-included offense of first degree
murder and that the trial court improperly applied enhancement factors during sentencing.
Juan LaSean Perry v. State, No. M2020-00583-CCA-R3-HC, 2021 WL 1233393, at *1
(Tenn. Crim. App. Mar. 31, 2021), no perm. app. filed. The habeas corpus court denied
relief, and its decision was affirmed on appeal. Id. at *3.
The present appeal concerns the trial court’s summary denial of the Defendant’s
August 4, 2020, motion to correct an illegal sentence, which was his most recent of three
motions filed pursuant to Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 36.1. According to the
trial court’s order entered on November 26, 2014, denying the Defendant’s first Rule 36.1
motion, the Defendant claimed that his sentence violated the United States Supreme
Court’s decision in Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004). The trial court found
that the Defendant failed to state a colorable claim for relief and denied the motion
summarily. The Defendant did not appeal the trial court’s decision.
According to the trial court’s order entered on September 6, 2018, denying the
Defendant’s second Rule 36.1 motion, the Defendant claimed as he did in his first motion
that his sentence violated the Supreme Court’s decision in Blakely. The trial court found
that the Defendant failed to state a colorable claim for relief because his claim had been
previously determined. The Defendant appealed, and this court dismissed the appeal
because the Defendant failed to respond to an order regarding a missed filing deadline.
State v. Juan L. Perry, No. M2018-01960-CCA-R3-CD (Tenn. Crim. App. Apr. 12,
2019) (order dismissing the Defendant’s Rule 36.1 motion appeal).
In this third Rule 36.1 motion to correct an illegal sentence, the Defendant claimed
again that his sentence violated the Supreme Court’s decision in Blakely and that his
sentence was an ex post facto punishment because he was sentenced under a sentencing
statute that was amended in 2005 to comply with the Supreme Court’s decision in
Blakely. The Defendant also claimed that the State failed to provide him notice of its
intent to seek enhanced punishment. The trial court found that it reviewed “a virtually
identical position” in the Defendant’s second Rule 36.1 motion, found that the claim was
-2-
previously determined, and found that the Defendant failed to state a colorable claim for
relief. The court summarily denied the Defendant’s motion, and the Defendant appeals.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, the Defendant raises the same arguments he asserted below,
contending that his sentence is illegal because it violated the rule of law established in
Blakely v. Washington and because the State failed to notify him of its intent to seek
enhanced punishment. The State argues the Defendant’s claims did not state a colorable
claim for relief. We agree with the State.
Tennessee Rule of Criminal Procedure 36.1(a)(1) provides that a defendant “may
seek to correct an illegal sentence by filing a motion to correct illegal sentence in the trial
court in which the judgment of conviction was entered.” Only fatal errors, which include
“sentences imposed pursuant to an inapplicable statutory scheme, sentences designating
release eligibility dates where early release is statutorily prohibited, sentences that are
ordered to be served concurrently where statutorily required to be served consecutively,
and sentences not authorized by any statute for the offenses,” render a defendant’s
sentence illegal. State v. Wooden, 478 S.W.3d 585, 595 (citing Cantrell v. Easterling,
346 S.W.3d 445, 448-49 (Tenn. 2011); Davis v. State, 313 S.W.3d 751, 759 (Tenn.
2011)).
If the motion states a colorable claim and the trial court determines a hearing is
necessary, the trial court shall appoint counsel if the defendant is indigent and not already
represented by counsel and hold a hearing on the motion, unless the parties waive the
hearing. Tenn. R. Crim. P. 36.1(b)(3). A “‘colorable claim’ means a claim that, if taken
as true and viewed in the light most favorable to the moving party, would entitle the
moving party to relief under Rule 36.1.” Wooden, 478 S.W.3d at 593. A trial court may
summarily dismiss a defendant’s Rule 36.1 motion if the motion fails to state a colorable
claim. Tenn. R. Crim. P. 36.1(b)(2). Whether a motion states a colorable claim for
correction of an illegal sentence under Rule 36.1 is a question of law reviewed de novo
on appeal. Wooden, 478 S.W.3d at 589.
We note initially that this is the third time the Defendant has raised a claim under
Blakely pursuant to Rule 36.1, and he does not challenge the trial court’s finding that the
claim was previously determined. As a result, he fails to show the trial court erred in
summarily denying relief on that claim. See State v. Ricky Flamingo Brown, No. M2015-
01754-CCA-R3-CD, 2016 WL 987641, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App. Mar. 15, 2016) (“Rule
36.1 may not be used to relitigate those issues that have been previously determined.”).
Additionally, the Defendant’s Blakely claim would not entitle him to relief under Rule
36.1. “A statutorily available sentence imposed in violation of Blakely is not a fatal error
-3-
and ‘[o]nly fatal error render sentences illegal’ under Rule 36.1.” State v. Rodricus
Antwan Johnson, No. W2018-00950-CCA-R3-CD, 2018 WL 6528698, at *3 (Tenn.
Crim. App. Dec. 11, 2018) (quoting Wooden, 478 S.W.3d at 595); see State v. James
Mario Starnes, No. M2016-02274-CCA-R3-CD, 2018 WL 446202, at *1 (Tenn. Crim.
App. Jan. 17, 2018); State v. Rafael Antonio Bush, No. M2016-01537-CCA-R3-CD, 2017
WL 2376825, at *7 (Tenn. Crim. App. June 1, 2017). Furthermore, any claim that he
was improperly sentenced under the 2005 Sentencing Act without a waiver would, if true,
merely render the judgment voidable. See, e.g., Michael V. Morris v. State, No. M2008-
02113-CCA-R3-HC, 2010 WL 2075933, at *4 (Tenn. Crim. App. May 25, 2010). On
direct appeal, this court affirmed the Defendant’s twenty-five-year sentence for second
degree murder. See Juan La Sean Perry, 2008 WL 1875165, at *6. He otherwise does
not allege that his sentence was statutorily unavailable. Therefore, the Defendant’s claim
did not state a colorable claim for relief.
Likewise, the Defendant’s claim that the State failed to notify him of its intent to
seek enhanced punishment does not entitle him to relief under Rule 36.1. An error
regarding the notice to seek enhanced punishment does not render a sentence illegal
under Rule 36.1. State v. Atlanta Pearl Hardy, No. M2017-00537-CCA-R3-CD, 2017
WL 3492060, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App. Aug. 15, 2017). Accordingly, the Defendant
failed to state a colorable claim for relief, and the trial court properly denied his motion
summarily. He is not entitled to relief.
CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
___________________________________________
JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS, PRESIDING JUDGE
-4-