Timothy Roberson v. State of Tennessee

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Assigned on Briefs September 11, 2007
TIMOTHY ROBERSON v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Gibson County
No. 14863 Allen W. Wallace, Senior Judge
No. W2007-00230-CCA-R3-PC - Filed November 7, 2007
The Petitioner, Timothy Roberson, appeals the denial of his motion to reopen his post-conviction
petition that alleged ineffective assistance of counsel. This Court is without jurisdiction to entertain
this issue because the Petitioner has failed to comply with the statutory requirements governing
review of a denial of a motion to reopen. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-117. Also, in this appeal,
the Petitioner, convicted of first degree murder and especially aggravated robbery in 1995, challenges
the denial of his motion for a sample of his own blood. The Petitioner sought to determine his blood
type in order to compare it with the blood type found on a towel in the victim’s residence. The court
determined that the motion for the Petitioner’s blood sample should be denied as there was
substantial evidence of the Petitioner’s guilt presented at trial. Finally, the Petitioner appeals the
dismissal of his petition for a writ of error coram nobis that alleged newly discovered evidence in
the context of a Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), violation. The coram nobis court1
concluded that any relief was time-barred and that the Petitioner had failed to state a cognizable
claim. We affirm the judgment of the Gibson County Circuit Court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
DAVID H. WELLES, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which JOHN EVERETT WILLIAMS and
ALAN E. GLENN , JJ., joined.
Richard Vaughn, Milan, Tennessee, for the appellant, Timothy Roberson
Robert E. Cooper, Jr., Attorney General and Reporter; Rachel E. Willis, Assistant Attorney General;
and Garry Brown, District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
1
The court below treated all of the Petitioner’s motions and petitions, both post-conviction and coram nobis,
as one case under one docket number. Presumably, this was done because the main focus of the underlying proceedings
was on the serology report examining the blood type on the towel found in the victim’s apartment. On appeal, the parties
concentrate on the dismissal of the petition for a writ of error coram nobis and, therefore, we will refer to the court below
as the coram nobis court for purposes of this opinion.
OPINION
Factual and Procedural Background
In 1995, a Gibson County jury convicted the Petitioner of first degree murder and especially
aggravated robbery, and he was thereafter sentenced to consecutive terms of life imprisonment
without parole and fifteen years. See State v. Timothy Roberson, No. 02C01-9508-CC-00245, 1997
WL 736513 (Tenn. Crim. App., Jackson, Dec. 1, 1997), perm. to appeal denied, (Tenn. June 29,
1998). On direct appeal, this Court set forth the facts underlying the Petitioner’s convictions:
Clyde Smith, the father of the victim, Robert Smith, testified that he saw his
son at approximately 9:30 p.m. on November 26, 1993. He said that on November
28, his mother called and told him that she had not seen the victim over the
Thanksgiving weekend and that he always came by on Saturday. Mr. Smith stated
that he and his other son, Charles Smith, went to the victim’s apartment. He testified
that he discovered the door to the apartment open and the lights out. According to
Mr. Smith, Charles entered the apartment and called the victim’s name, and when the
victim did not respond, they left the apartment, believing that the victim had stepped
outside. He said that they returned at about 6:30 p.m. and discovered the victim
dead, lying on his back in a pool of blood in the kitchen. He testified that the
apartment had been ransacked. Mr. Smith stated that he later found several items
missing from the victim’s apartment, including a VCR. He also said that he told
Sergeant Morris that the victim generally carried a large sum of cash with him.
According to Mr. Smith, the victim had some learning disabilities, although he was
not classified as being mentally retarded and was able to function in society.
Dr. Jerry Francisco, a pathologist, testified that he along with Dr. Violet
Hnilica conducted an autopsy of the victim. He stated that the examination of the
victim showed that the cause of death was multiple injuries to the body. He said that
the victim suffered blunt-force injuries to the head, cuts to the neck and a group of
stab wounds to the chest. In Dr. Francisco’s opinion, any of the types of injuries
could have caused the victim’s death. He testified that the injuries caused damage
to the brain, the voice box, the lungs and the heart. He stated that there were thirteen
stab wounds to the chest that were deep, penetrating the victim’s heart, lungs and
ribs. He said that two of the cuts to the victim’s neck severed the jugular vein. Dr.
Francisco described the victim’s blunt-force injuries to the head as a broken skull
extending to the base of the skull. On cross-examination, Dr. Francisco testified that
it was possible that death or unconsciousness could have occurred after the first few
injuries were inflicted. He also conceded that if the victim was unconscious after the
first few injuries were inflicted, he would not have felt any pain. Dr. Francisco
admitted that there was no way for him to determine how quickly the victim died, but
he said that it would have taken at least minutes.
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Sergeant Jerry Morris of the Milan Police Department testified that he
responded to a call regarding the victim. He said that he discovered the victim lying
on his back and partially on his right side in the kitchen surrounded by blood on the
floor, wall and refrigerator. He stated that the victim was wearing a T-shirt and jeans
and did not have shoes or socks on. Sergeant Morris testified that he found a towel
with blood on it hanging on a towel rack in the bathroom. He also said that the
bedroom had been ransacked in that clothes had been taken out of drawers and
thrown at the foot of the bed. Sergeant Morris stated that the television in the living
room was on but that the cable had been disconnected.
Sergeant Morris testified that the [Petitioner] was interviewed by the Milan
Police Department on three occasions: (1) during the initial investigation, (2) on
November 29, 1993, after Sergeant Morris talked to the [Petitioner’s] girlfriend,
Clara Langley, and an informant, and (3) on December 5, 1993. He said that he
obtained a ring from Ms. Langley and that the informant told him about seeing the
[Petitioner] with the VCR and the movies. Sergeant Morris said that during the
second and third interviews of the [Petitioner], the [Petitioner] gave a statement. He
testified that the [Petitioner] also gave a statement to the Tennessee Bureau of
Investigation on November 30, 1993. Sergeant Morris stated that after the
[Petitioner’s] second interview, he recovered the victim’s ring, approximately nine
movies, VCR and a remote control, with the movies and the VCR being found at the
[Petitioner’s] home. He said that he verified that the VCR belonged to the victim.
He testified that he also recovered the victim’s wallet and diamond ring. Sergeant
Morris stated that the [Petitioner] took him to where the [Petitioner] disposed of the
wallet in a bush approximately fifty feet from Salinger Road. He testified that he
recovered the victim’s paycheck from a Texaco Station in Milan. He also identified
the [Petitioner’s] hiking boots and stated that the [Petitioner] told him that he was
wearing the boots during the time of the victim’s death.
The [Petitioner’s] statement given to the Milan Police Department on
November 29, 1993, reflects that the [Petitioner] claimed that he was at his brother’s
house and then went to the house of Nikki Wright between the hours of 9:00 p.m.
and 2:00 a.m. on November 26, 1993. It also shows that the [Petitioner] told
Sergeant Morris that he purchased a ring and VCR from a guy who was driving a
1991 or 1992 Grand Prix about 10:30 or 11:00 p.m. It states that the [Petitioner] told
the officers that he paid fifty dollars for the ring and that he traded an air pump for
the VCR, although he did not know who owned the items. The statement reflects
that the [Petitioner] asserted that he got the air pump from the mother of his girlfriend
and that the movies belonged to other people. It also states that the [Petitioner]
denied harming the victim and that the [Petitioner] claimed that he had not seen the
victim. In the interview, the [Petitioner] explained that his prints could be in the
apartment because he visited the victim’s home approximately three to four months
earlier.
-3-
The [Petitioner’s] written statement given to the TBI on November 30, 1993,
reflects that the [Petitioner] admitted killing the victim. The [Petitioner] told the
officers that he was addicted to crack cocaine and that he had borrowed money from
the victim, with whom the [Petitioner] worked, on previous occasions to purchase
drugs. He told them that he and the victim were paid on the Wednesday before
Thanksgiving and that he spent two hundred dollars on crack cocaine which he
smoked on Friday. The [Petitioner] said that he went to the victim’s apartment
between 11:30 p.m. and midnight because he was out of money and wanted to get
some more crack cocaine. The [Petitioner] said that the victim was watching
television when he arrived and that he was wearing a T-shirt and pants but no socks
or shoes. He said that he asked the victim for twenty-five dollars, but the victim
refused, saying that the [Petitioner] owed him twenty-five dollars from one week
earlier. The [Petitioner] said that he became mad and that he and the victim argued,
pushed and shoved each other near the dining table. He stated that the victim told
him to leave and then slapped him on the right side of his face.
The statement also reflects that the [Petitioner] told the officers that he “lost
it” when the victim slapped him and that he grabbed a brown kitchen knife and struck
the victim in the middle of the chest. The [Petitioner] said that he could not stop and
that after the knife broke, he began kicking the victim in the head, shoulders and side
while the victim was lying in the kitchen floor. He said that he then picked up a
silver knife and stabbed the victim again in the chest, although he could not recall
how many times. The [Petitioner] told the officers that the victim was still alive and
was trying to remove a box cutter from his left pocket to try to stop him when he took
the box cutter from the victim and cut the victim’s throat. The [Petitioner] stated that
he was so mad that he could not stop and claimed that he did not mean to do it but
that he lost his mind. According to the [Petitioner’s] statement, the [Petitioner] went
to the bathroom and wiped his hands on a towel at some point.
The [Petitioner’s] statement to the TBI also shows that the [Petitioner] said
that he looked throughout the apartment for money or anything to sell, including the
[Petitioner’s] bedroom dresser drawers. He also admitted taking the victim’s wallet,
keys, ring, VCR and movies from the victim’s apartment. According to the
[Petitioner], the victim’s wallet contained one hundred and fifty dollars in cash and
a paycheck in the amount of one hundred and fifty-nine dollars. The [Petitioner] told
the officers that he went to his cocaine dealer’s apartment in Milan immediately after
leaving the victim’s apartment and purchased crack cocaine. According to the
[Petitioner], he took the VCR and movies to his apartment and threw the victim’s
wallet into a field. The statement reflects that the [Petitioner] conceded cashing the
victim’s paycheck at a Texaco the next morning and using the money to purchase
more crack cocaine.
-4-
Sergeant Morris also testified that the [Petitioner] gave a statement on
December 5, 1993. The statement reflects that the [Petitioner] denied killing the
victim and that he claimed that he had blackout spells and when he awoke, he saw
a “figure,” although he saw no one. On cross-examination, Sergeant Morris testified
that the [Petitioner] was crying and appeared to be remorseful during the statement
given to the police department on November 30, 1993. He also stated that his
investigation did not reveal anything that would conflict with what the [Petitioner]
told him had occurred on the night of the murder.
Mike Cleary, an employee of Texaco, testified that the [Petitioner] came into
the store at approximately 5:30 a.m. and asked him to cash the victim’s payroll
check. He said that he cashed the check, although the [Petitioner] told him that he
did not have any identification with him.
Bobby Mosley, owner of the Jewel Box in Milan, identified a lady’s diamond
ring that he sized for the [Petitioner]. He testified that he had earlier sold the ring to
the victim.
Clara Langley testified that she was living with the [Petitioner] at the time the
offense occurred and that she worked with both the [Petitioner] and the victim. She
identified the lady’s diamond ring as the one the [Petitioner] gave to her at 4:00 a.m.
on the Saturday morning after the victim’s death when the [Petitioner] asked her to
marry him. Ms. Langley said that she asked him where he got the ring and that the
[Petitioner] told her that he got it at a jewelry store in Humboldt. She also identified
the VCR, remote control and videotapes and stated that the [Petitioner] brought them
into their house on either Saturday or Sunday. She said that when she asked the
[Petitioner] where he got the VCR, the [Petitioner] told her that he had gotten the
items from a man who had a flat tire and he claimed that he traded an air pump for
the VCR. On cross-examination, Ms. Langley testified that she suspected that the
[Petitioner] was spending a lot of money on drugs around the time of his arrest. She
also stated that the [Petitioner] was real nervous on Saturday morning.
Dr. Lynn Zager, a clinical psychologist, testified that she examined the
[Petitioner] on November 2, 9, and 16, 1994, to determine the [Petitioner’s]
competency to stand trial and his mental condition at the time of the offense. She
said that her evaluation showed that the [Petitioner] was an alcoholic and was
addicted to cocaine and marijuana. She stated that the [Petitioner] was intoxicated
at the time of the offense. In Dr. Zager’s opinion, the [Petitioner’s] behavior was
partly a result of his intoxication, and the [Petitioner’s] intoxicated state
compromised the [Petitioner’s] ability to conform his behavior to the requirements
of the law. Dr. Zager testified that the [Petitioner’s] initial denial of guilt was
consistent with his determination that the [Petitioner] suffered from substance abuse.
She stated that she found the [Petitioner] to be remorseful about his conduct.
-5-
Dr. Zager’s psychological evaluation report shows that the [Petitioner’s]
father was an alcoholic and that his brother and sister have serious substance abuse
problems. It reflects that his parent’s divorced at an early age and that the
[Petitioner’s] stepfather was verbally abusive to the [Petitioner]. The report states
that the [Petitioner], a high school graduate, began drinking and smoking marijuana
at age eighteen and began using cocaine in 1991. It shows that the [Petitioner’s]
substance abuse became critical in 1992 when he lost his car and his job. The report
reflects that the [Petitioner] stopped using drugs and alcohol for a period of time but
began abusing alcohol, marijuana and cocaine approximately three weeks before the
offense occurred. The results of the report are that although the [Petitioner] has
maintained a relatively stable work history, he engages in behaviors that would
warrant a diagnosis of a conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder. It states
that the [Petitioner] functions in the low average range of intelligence. The report
shows that Dr. Zager’s findings were that the [Petitioner] was competent to stand trial
and that although the [Petitioner’s] ability to conform his behavior to the
requirements of the law was compromised because of his substance abuse, the
[Petitioner’s] ability to appreciate the wrongfulness of his behavior was not
significantly impaired. In Dr. Zager’s opinion, the [Petitioner] was sane at the time
of the offense.
Richard Clark, a friend of the [Petitioner], testified that the [Petitioner] came
by his house at approximately 1:30 a.m. on November 27, 1993. He said that the
[Petitioner] was “high” from smoking crack cocaine, “kind of nervous,” and “jittery.”
Mr. Clark stated that the [Petitioner] had some crack cocaine with him and that the
[Petitioner] smoked while he was with him.
Id. at *1-5. This Court affirmed the Petitioner’s convictions and sentences on direct appeal. See id.
The Petitioner later sought post-conviction relief on the bases that his confession was
involuntary and that trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance. See Timothy Roberson v. State,
No. W2001-00549-CCA-R3-PC, 2002 WL 1592725 (Tenn. Crim. App., Jackson, July 12, 2002).
The post-conviction court denied relief, and this Court affirmed. See id. The Petitioner’s untimely
application for permission to appeal was dismissed, and our Supreme Court denied the Petitioner’s
motion to rehear that dismissal.
The current action was initiated on November 4, 2002, when the Petitioner’s pro se “Motion
for Relief of Judgement [sic] from Order Denying Petition for Post[-]Conviction Relief” was filed.
In the motion, the Petitioner argued: (1) that his “convictions and sentences were obtained in
violation of his right against self-incrimination and [d]ue [p]rocess” because his confession was
involuntarily given; (2) that his “convictions and sentences are void and violated the Sixth and
Fourteenth Amendment to due process [sic] in that they were obtained through the State withholding
exculpatory evidence”; (3) that his convictions and sentences were obtained in violation of his right
to be free from unreasonable search and seizures because officers had no warrant or probable cause
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to arrest the Petitioner; and (4) that “[t]he denial of counsel at the preliminary stages was prejudicial
in that the [g]rand [j]ury was exposed to evidence that clearly was inadmissible.” The Petitioner
sought relief in the form of setting aside the verdicts of guilt or in the alternative for a new trial.
Thereafter, on May 22, 2003, the Petitioner moved to amend his “original motion” stating
that he was petitioning to reopen his original post-conviction case. He alleged two grounds for relief.
First, citing the perceived deficiencies of his various counsel, he alleged that his constitutional rights
to due process and equal protection were violated “in that he [was] denied the guaranteed right to
a full and fair hearing of his post-conviction petition.” Second, noting post-conviction counsel’s
failure to timely file an application for permission to appeal from this Court’s post-conviction
opinion, he submitted that his constitutional rights to due process and equal protection were violated
“in that he [was] denied the opportunity to appeal his post-conviction claims to the Tennessee
Supreme Court because measures were frustrated because of malpractice of his attorney.” Again,
he sought to have the verdicts set aside and alternatively be granted a new trial. In August of 2004,
counsel was appointed to represent the Petitioner.
This appeal also involves the denial of the Petitioner’s motion for a blood sample and
medical records. Following the appointment of counsel, the Petitioner filed a motion, on December
17, 2004, requesting the court to order that his blood be drawn for a determination of his blood type
and for the Department of Correction to provide all of the Petitioner’s medical records to him. The
Petitioner relied on the following facts in support of this motion: that “samples of blood were taken
at the scene of the crime for which [he] was convicted, [that] blood samples were taken from the
victim, and that a towel containing blood samples was introduced at trial as evidence.” According
to the Petitioner, his blood type was “at issue” because this information “might eliminate [him] as
the perpetrator of the crime.”
The State responded to the Petitioner’s motion for a blood sample, stating, “Although, it does
not expressly request a DNA analysis, on its face, this [m]otion appears to be a petition for
comparison analysis which would fall under Tennessee’s Post-Conviction DNA Analysis Act of
2001 . . . . The State is not aware of any other basis in law for granting the relief sought.” Citing
to Tennessee Code Annotated sections 40-30-304 and -305, the State argued that the Petitioner had
failed to meet the “reasonable probability” standards of those sections—“that he would not have
been prosecuted or convicted if DNA analysis provided exculpatory results” or “that DNA results
would have resulted in a more favorable verdict or sentence.” In further support of this argument,
the State quoted this Court’s analysis in the Petitioner’s post-conviction appeal: “[T]he proof against
[the Petitioner] was substantial and damning.” Roberson, 2002 WL 1592725, at *10. As to the
second prong of DNA analysis under sections -304 and -305—that the evidence must still be in
existence, the State contended that the petition also failed because no “items of physical evidence
. . . with blood on them” were capable of being located, and the State attached affidavits of various
state officials to that effect.
Also included in this appeal for our review is the Petitioner’s request for coram nobis relief.
Following the State’s response to the Petitioner’s motions, the Petitioner filed a pro se petition for
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a writ of error coram nobis on June 8, 2005. The Petitioner alleged that newly discovered evidence
existed that would prove his innocence and would have resulted in a different outcome at trial. He
noted that the proof at trial was that he wiped his hands on a towel (introduced into evidence as an
exhibit) after repeatedly stabbing the victim. The blood type on the towel was inconsistent with the
blood type of the victim, and the jury was not informed of this fact. Moreover, no “serology” was
performed on the knives removed from the victim’s home. According to the Petitioner, he became
aware of this information “after the denial of post[-]conviction relief in the trial and appellate court
. . . .” The Petitioner argued that, in light of the serology report which he had recently discovered,
he “could have shown unto the jury that he was innocent, because the [victim’s] blood [was] not on
the towel although Officer Jerry Morris testified that [the P]etitioner wiped the [victim’s] blood on
the towel after stabbing the [victim] a total of (25) times.” Again, the Petitioner requested that the
court set aside his convictions or in the alternative grant him a new trial.
A hearing on the Petitioner’s motions was held on April 5, 2006. The Petitioner’s counsel
first acknowledged that the State had diligently attempted to find the towel introduced at trial but was
unable to do so.2 Counsel continued, arguing that typing of the Petitioner’s blood was necessary so
that he could determine if the blood on the towel belonged to him, as the serology report showed that
the blood did not belong to the victim. If the blood did not belong to either the Petitioner or the
victim, it would lead “to the argument . . . for trial purposes that there [might] have been another
person there.” Moreover, it would then have been “critical” for trial counsel to “keep the confession
out” because trial counsel, under the proof as it existed at trial, chose not to suppress the confession
as it was relevant to “maybe a lesser level of homicide.” Counsel did not argue the motion to reopen
the post-conviction petition, stating that he was focusing on the one “most relevant . . . .”
The State responded that the Petitioner was “trying to relitigate the amount of proof against
him, which . . . [were] issues that have previously been determined or should have been as part of
[the Petitioner’s] direct appeal.” The State noted that the Petitioner’s “defense wasn’t that he didn’t
do it, but what level of offense he would be convicted of” based upon his drug use at the time of the
murder. Finally, the State submitted that the Petitioner did not meet the requirements of the Post-
Conviction DNA Analysis Act and stated that the Petitioner was only “trying to take another bite of
the apple ten years after the fact” by arguing a third party might have been present at the scene.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the coram nobis court denied the Petitioner’s motion for a
blood sample. The parties adjourned and agreed to continue the hearing on the petition for a writ
of error coram nobis.
A hearing was held on the request for coram nobis relief on September 28, 2006. The
Petitioner reviewed the various motions and petitions filed in this case and testified concerning the
deficiencies of his various counsel. According to the Petitioner, his post-conviction counsel brought
2
It is apparent from the record that, at some point prior to the April 5 hearing, the parties appeared in court
and that the coram nobis court was “contemplating allowing, if possible, some DNA testing on the towel . . . .” There
is no transcript of this proceeding in the record.
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him “a stack of papers” during the processing of his original post-conviction petition, and he “went
through part of it . . . .” It was then, for the first time, that he saw the forensic and serology reports
on the knives and the towel removed from the victim’s home. The Petitioner testified that he did not
have any cuts or abrasions after murdering the victim. He further stated that the reports and the
“arrest procedure” were “never litigated prior to trial.”
Following further questioning on direct examination, the Petitioner, in direct opposition to
his prior testimony, stated that he did not see the reports until after the conclusion of his post-
conviction hearing. According to the Petitioner, the documents were important to his defense
because the serology report showed that the blood on the towel was a different blood type than the
victim’s blood. He further noted that serology analysis was not performed on the knives even though
“the knives had blood on the handles and the blade” and that his fingerprints were not found on the
knives.
The Petitioner then provided extensive testimony on the several statements he gave to law
enforcement officials and the circumstances surrounding those statements. The Petitioner said that
the State had not provided one of his statements to him during the discovery process—a “one page
oral statement that was taken from [him] at [his] job.” The Petitioner did not dispute that in another
statement he confessed to the murder, wherein he said he wiped his hands on a towel after stabbing
the victim. Asked whether the issue of suppression of his statements was addressed in the Court of
Criminal Appeals, the Petitioner answered, “Yes, but it wasn’t fully explored.”
After hearing testimony, the coram nobis court ruled that the petition for coram nobis relief
was time-barred and that he had failed to state a cognizable claim for relief. By order dated
December 4, 2006, the coram nobis court denied all of the Petitioner’s motions pertaining to post-
conviction relief and dismissed his petition for coram nobis relief. The Petitioner now appeals from
this order.
I. Motion to Reopen Post-Conviction Petition3
In its single order denying relief, the coram nobis court denied the Petitioner’s motions. The
Petitioner filed a notice of appeal to challenge this ruling, along with the dismissal of his motion for
a blood sample and his petition for a writ of error coram nobis, sixteen days after the order was
entered. We make clear that the Petitioner’s motion “for relief of judgement [sic]” and his motion
to amend this “original motion” will be treated together as a motion to reopen his original post-
conviction petition.
In seeking review of the denial of a motion to reopen, a petitioner shall file, within ten days
of the lower court’s ruling, an application in the Court of Criminal Appeals seeking permission to
3
The argument portion of the Petitioner’s brief focuses on the dismissal of his petition for a writ of error coram
nobis. The State only argues the merits of the petition for coram nobis relief on appeal and does not argue that any
appeal regarding the other pleadings is waived. The Petitioner’s brief does present as issues the denial of all “pending
motions and petition” and the denial of his motion for a blood sample. W e will address each pleading in turn.
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appeal. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-117(c) (emphasis added); Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28 § 10(b). The
application shall be accompanied by copies of all the documents filed by both parties in the trial
court and the order denying the motion. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-117(c) (emphasis added); see also
Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28 § 10(b). In the present case, the Petitioner has failed to comply with the
statutory requirements for seeking appellate review. Specifically, the notice of appeal document was
filed more than ten days after the order was entered, and the Petitioner failed to file his application
in the proper court and attach the proper documentation.
An appeal as of right is not available for review of a lower court’s denial of a motion to
reopen a petition for post-conviction relief. See Tenn. R. App. P. 3(b); see also John Harold
Williams, Jr. v. State, No. W1999-01731-CCA-R3-PC, 2000 WL 303432, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App.,
Jackson, Mar. 23, 2000). A petitioner must comply with the statutory requirements contained in
section 40-30-117(c). See Williams, 2000 WL 303432, at *1; William Lee Drumbarger v. State, No.
M1999-01444-CCA-R3-PC, 1991 WL 242933, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., Nashville, Dec. 7, 1999);
Lucy Killebrew v. State, No. 03C01-9809-CR-00320, 1999 WL 813471, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App.,
Knoxville, Oct. 5, 1999). The failure of a petitioner to comply with statutory requirements governing
review of a denial of a motion to reopen deprives this Court of jurisdiction to entertain such matter.
Williams, 2000 WL 303432, at *1. Finally, neither the Post-Conviction Procedure Act nor the Rules
of the Supreme Court permit this Court to suspend the statutory requirements. Id. This Court is
without jurisdiction to entertain this matter.
Notwithstanding, even had the application vested this Court with jurisdiction, the motion
fails to assert a claim upon which a motion to reopen a petition for post-conviction relief may be
granted. Section 40-30-117, Tennessee Code Annotated, governs motions to reopen a
post-conviction petition. See also Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28 § 2(c). A motion to reopen a prior
post-conviction petition may only be filed if a petitioner alleges one of the following:
(1) a final ruling of an appellate court establishes a constitutional right that
was not recognized as existing at the time of trial and retrospective application of the
right is required;
(2) new scientific evidence exists establishing that the petitioner is actually
innocent of the convicted offense(s); or
(3) the petitioner’s sentence was enhanced based upon a prior conviction
which has subsequently been found invalid.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-117(a).
The Petitioner does not allege grounds that would allow him to reopen his previous petition
for post-conviction relief. While the Petitioner argues various reasons in his motions that his
constitutional rights have been violated, he has not alleged a constitutional right that was not
recognized as existing at the time of trial and requiring retrospective application. Moreover, as
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discussed in more detail below, the serology report relied on by the Petitioner is not new scientific
evidence establishing that the Petitioner is innocent of the convicted offenses. The Petitioner’s
motion to reopen fails.
II. Motion for a Blood Sample
The Petitioner also moved “to obtain blood sample and medical records” requesting
permission to take a sample of his own blood to determine his blood type and asking for all of his
medical records in possession of the Department of Correction. The State responded to the
Petitioner’s motion as a request for DNA analysis under the Post-Conviction DNA Analysis Act of
2001. See Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 40-30-301 to -313.
The Post-Conviction DNA Analysis Act of 2001 allows a petitioner convicted of certain
crimes, including first degree murder, to petition the court at any time for DNA analysis of evidence
in the possession or control of the State. See id. § -303. Pursuant to this Act, a person convicted of
first degree murder
may at any time, file a petition requesting the forensic DNA analysis of any evidence
that is in the possession or control of the prosecution, law enforcement, laboratory,
or court, and that is related to the investigation or prosecution that resulted in the
judgment of conviction and that may contain biological evidence.
Id.
The coram nobis court did not specifically reference how it was treating the Petitioner’s
motion for a blood sample despite much discussion at the April 5 hearing regarding the form of the
motion. At the conclusion of the hearing, the court denied the motion:
I’m going to deny his motion to have a blood test and I don’t see where it can
be of probative value. It makes no difference what it shows because of the evidence
in this case.
....
Now, it’s obvious that after a diligent search the towel can’t be found, but I’m
not convinced that with the weight of the evidence already that it was even
mandatory.
Treated as a petition for post-conviction DNA testing, the Petitioner failed to satisfy the
qualifying criteria under the Post-Conviction DNA Analysis Act. Courts will order DNA testing
when:
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(1) A reasonable probability exists that the petitioner would not have been
prosecuted or convicted if exculpatory results had been obtained through DNA
analysis;
(2) The evidence is still in existence and in such a condition that DNA
analysis may be conducted;
(3) The evidence was never previously subjected to DNA analysis or was not
subjected to the analysis that is now requested which could resolve an issue not
resolved by previous analysis; and
(4) The application for analysis is made for the purpose of demonstrating
innocence and not to unreasonably delay the execution of sentence or administration
of justice.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-304. Additionally, Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-305 provides
as follows:
After notice to the prosecution and an opportunity to respond, the court may
order DNA analysis if it finds that:
(1) A reasonable probability exists that analysis of the evidence will produce
DNA results which would have rendered the petitioner’s verdict or sentence more
favorable if the results had been available at the proceeding leading to the judgment
of conviction;
(2) The evidence is still in existence and in such a condition that DNA
analysis may be conducted;
(3) The evidence was never previously subjected to DNA analysis, or was not
subjected to the analysis that is now requested which could resolve an issue not
resolved by previous analysis; and
(4) The application for analysis is made for the purpose of demonstrating
innocence and not to unreasonably delay the execution of sentence or administration
of justice.
Id. § -305.
As the State noted in its response to the Petitioner’s motion for a blood sample, the Petitioner
has failed to meet the “reasonable probability” standards of sections -304 and -305, i.e., that the
Petitioner would not have been prosecuted or convicted if DNA analysis provided exculpatory results
or that DNA results would have resulted in a more favorable verdict or sentence. Any typing of the
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Petitioner’s blood would not have produced exculpatory results or proved his innocence, and “the
proof against [the Petitioner] was substantial and damning.” Roberson, 2002 WL 1592725, at *10.
We also agree that the petition fails under the second prong of DNA analysis because no
“items of physical evidence . . . with blood on them” were capable of being located. The State
provided numerous affidavits to this effect. As a petition for DNA testing, the coram nobis court
correctly denied the Petitioner’s request.
When viewed simply as motion for the Petitioner’s blood sample, no appeal lies as of right
under Tennessee Rule of Appellate Procedure 3(b). Notwithstanding, his request for typing of his
blood is simply an effort to relitigate issues of guilt or innocence and trial strategy. Contrary to the
assertions of the Petitioner, the determination of his blood type will not eliminate him as the
perpetrator of these crimes.
We also note that the Petitioner has not made allegations that would allow us to treat the
appeal as a writ of certiorari. The Petitioner has not alleged that the coram nobis court has exceeded
its jurisdiction or acted illegally or arbitrarily. See Tenn.Code Ann. § 27-8-101. “Generally, the writ
of certiorari is limited in application and may not ordinarily be used ‘to inquire into the correctness
of a judgment issued by a court with jurisdiction.’” Moody v. State, 160 S.W.3d 512, 515 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 2005) (quoting State v. Adler, 92 S.W.3d 397, 401 (Tenn. 2002)). The motion was
properly denied.
III. Writ of Error Coram Nobis
On appeal, the Petitioner argues that he is entitled to coram nobis relief because he was not
aware of the information in the serology report until after his post-conviction hearing and that this
information would have been helpful in suppressing his confessions at trial.4 Specifically, he
submits that “[h]ad [he] had this information it could have been used at trial to create reasonable
doubt as to” his guilt.
A writ of error coram nobis is available to a petitioner in a criminal prosecution. Tennessee
Code Annotated section 40-26-105 provides, in pertinent part:
The relief obtainable by this proceeding shall be confined to errors dehors the record
and to matters that were not or could not have been litigated on the trial of the case,
on a motion for a new trial, on appeal in the nature of a writ of error, on writ of error,
or in a habeas corpus proceeding. Upon a showing by the defendant that the
defendant was without fault in failing to present certain evidence at the proper time,
a writ of error coram nobis will lie for subsequently or newly discovered evidence
4
W hile the Petitioner provided testimony at the hearing that he did not receive one of his statements given to
police until after the post-conviction hearing, the Petitioner does not specifically challenge this issue on appeal.
Nonetheless, we note that all of the Petitioner’s statements were thoroughly discussed at trial. Moreover, this Court
discussed the suppression of these statements and any ineffectiveness related thereto in the Petitioner’s post-conviction
appeal. See Roberson, 2002 W L 1592725.
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relating to matters which were litigated at the trial if the judge determines that such
evidence may have resulted in a different judgment, had it been presented at the trial.
The issue shall be tried by the court without the intervention of a jury, and if the
decision be in favor of the petitioner, the judgment complained of shall be set aside
and the defendant shall be granted a new trial in that cause.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-26-105.
A writ of error coram nobis is an “extraordinary procedural remedy,” filling only a “slight
gap into which few cases fall.” State v. Mixon, 983 S.W.2d 661, 672 (Tenn. 1999) (citation
omitted). “The purpose of this remedy is to bring to the attention of the court some fact unknown
to the court which if known would have resulted in a different judgment.” Freshwater v. State, 160
S.W.3d 548, 553 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2004) (quoting State v. Hart, 911 S.W.2d 371, 374 (Tenn. Crim.
App. 1995)). The decision to grant or deny a petition for writ of error coram nobis rests within the
sound discretion of the trial court. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-26-105; Hart, 911 S.W.2d at 375.
To establish that he is entitled to a new trial, the Petitioner must show the following: (a) the
grounds and the nature of the newly discovered evidence; (b) why the admissibility of the newly
discovered evidence may have resulted in a different judgment if the evidence had been admitted at
the previous trial; (c) that the Petitioner was without fault in failing to present the newly discovered
evidence at the appropriate time; and (d) the relief sought. Freshwater, 160 S.W.3d at 553; Hart, 911
S.W.2d at 374-75.
The grounds for seeking a petition for writ of error coram nobis are not
limited to specific categories, as are the grounds for reopening a post-conviction
petition. Coram nobis claims may be based upon any “newly discovered evidence
relating to matters litigated at the trial” so long as the petitioner also establishes that
the petitioner was “without fault” in failing to present the evidence at the proper time.
Harris v. State, 102 S.W.3d 587, 592-93 (Tenn. 2003).
The statute of limitations for seeking a writ of error coram nobis is one year from the date
the judgment becomes final in the trial court. Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 27-7-103, 40-26-105; Mixon, 983
S.W.2d at 671 (Tenn. 1999). The one-year statute of limitations may be tolled only when necessary
so as not to offend due process requirements. See Workman v. State, 41 S.W.3d 100, 103 (Tenn.
2001). The State bears the burden of raising the bar of the statute of limitations as an affirmative
defense. See Harris, 102 S.W.3d at 593.
Based on the record, it is clear that the petition was filed several years after the statute of
limitations had expired. However, the court in this case did not summarily dismiss the coram nobis
petition but held an evidentiary hearing at which the Petitioner was present and gave testimony. At
the inception of the hearing on September 28, the assistant district attorney general noted that “the
writ was filed outside the statute of limitations.” The Petitioner then gave testimony in support of
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his petition for coram nobis relief. At the conclusion of the hearing, the State again objected to the
petition as untimely: “[Tennessee Code Annotated section] 27-7-103 gives us the one[-]year statute
of limitations for Writ of Error Coram Nobis and that statute says the writ must be filed within one
year after the judgment in the case becomes final.”
The Petitioner was given fair notice of the statute of limitations defense and had an
opportunity to rebut it. See Sands v. State, 903 S.W.2d 297, 299 (Tenn. 1995). The coram nobis
court ruled that “[t]he statute of limitations has long since run in these cases.” Dismissal of the
petition would have been warranted on this basis alone.
The Petitioner, citing Freshwater, 160 S.W.3d 548, and Workman, 41 S.W.3d 100, alleges
that due process requires tolling of the one-year statute of limitations because he did not become
“aware” of the serology report until “exhausting . . . his post-conviction procedure.” Said another
way, the Petitioner is alleging newly discovered evidence in the context of a Brady v. Maryland, 373
U.S. 83 (1963), violation, i.e., that the State withheld the report and that therefore due process
requires tolling of statute of limitations.5
The Petitioner’s own testimony at the September 28 hearing, while contradictory at times,
indicates that his attorneys were in possession of the forensic and serology reports at the time of trial
and that the Petitioner himself was in possession of them at his post-conviction hearing. Regardless
of whether the Petitioner had seen the actual reports, the Petitioner’s trial counsel were aware of the
information contained in the forensic and serology reports. The Petitioner has failed to allege any
ground for which the statute of limitations should be tolled. See Mixon, 983 S.W.2d at 668.
Moreover, the Petitioner has not stated a cognizable claim for coram nobis relief because the
Petitioner was previously aware of the information in the serology report. The evidence is not newly
discovered evidence. “The [coram nobis] proceeding is confined to errors outside the record and to
matters which were not and could not have been litigated at trial, the motion for new trial, appeal,
or upon post-conviction petition.” Bruce Alan Littleton v. State, No. M2006-01675-CCA-R3-CO,
2007 WL 845900, at *3 (Tenn. Crim. App., Nashville, Mar. 14, 2007), perm. to appeal denied,
(Tenn. Aug. 13, 2007); Kenneth C. Stomm v. State, No. 03C01-9110-CR-00342, 1992 WL 97081,
at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., Knoxville, May 12, 1992); see also Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-26-105. The
Petitioner has failed to raise a cognizable claim for coram nobis relief because the issue could have
been litigated previously and because he was not without fault in failing to raise the blood type
discrepancy at the appropriate time. Additionally, the evidence sought by the Petitioner would not
establish his innocence.
5
The Petitioner’s motion to amend his “original motion” raises issues regarding post-conviction counsel’s
failure to file an application for permission to appeal to the Tennessee Supreme Court. Our supreme court concluded
in Stokes v. State, 146 S.W .3d 56, 60-61 (Tenn. 2004), that the due process contemplated in W illiams v. State, 44
S.W .3d 464 (Tenn. 2001), does not apply to post-conviction proceedings. The Petitioner had failed to demonstrate that
due process required tolling of the statute of limitations.
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CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated herein, the Petitioner’s failure to properly perfect an application for
permission to appeal his motion to reopen his prior post-conviction petition divested this Court of
jurisdiction to consider the appeal of that issue. We further conclude that the habeas corpus court
did not err in denying the Petitioner’s request to type a sample of his blood or in determining that
the petition for coram nobis relief was time-barred. The judgment is affirmed.
______________________________
DAVID H. WELLES, JUDGE
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