Reece Calloway Loudermilk v. State of Tennessee

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
Assigned on Briefs July 24, 2002
REECE CALLOWAY LOUDERMILK v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Sullivan County
No. S38,279 Lynn W. Brown, Judge By Interchange
No. E2001-03060-CCA-R3-PC
September 3, 2002
This is an appeal from the denial of post-conviction relief. Pursuant to an agreed plea entered in
October 1992, the defendant pled nolo contendere to three counts of aggravated rape of his niece,
one count of aggravated sexual battery of his niece, one count of aggravated rape of his daughter,
and one count of aggravated sexual battery of his daughter for an effective 35-year sentence as a
Range I standard offender.1 Both victims were under thirteen years of age. On appeal, the defendant
contends he received ineffective assistance of counsel rendering his plea unknowingly and
involuntarily entered. After review, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed
JOE G. RILEY, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID H. WELLES and JERRY L. SMITH,
JJ., joined.
Julie A. Rice, Knoxville, Tennessee (on appeal); Stephen M. Wallace, District Public Defender; and
Terry L. Jordan, Assistant District Public Defender (at hearing), for the appellant, Reece Calloway
Loudermilk.
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; Thomas E. Williams, III, Assistant Attorney
General; H. Greeley Wells, Jr., District Attorney General; and Teresa Murray Smith, Assistant
District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
1
All offenses were committed prior to July 1, 1992, which was the effective date of the child rape statutes. See
Tenn. Code Ann. § § 39-13-522, -523 (1997). The release eligibility date of a felon convicted of aggravated rape and
aggravated sexual battery at the time of these offenses is 30% for a Range I standard offender. But see Tenn. Cod e Ann.
§ 40-35-501(i)(1), -(2)(F) (requiring service of 100 % of the sentence imposed by the court less sentence credits for
aggravated rapes and aggravated sexual batteries occurring after July 1, 1995).
OPINION
PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On October 13, 1992, the petitioner entered pleas of nolo contendere to four counts of
aggravated rape and two counts of aggravated sexual battery for an effective 35-year sentence as a
Range I standard offender. Petitioner filed a timely post-conviction petition. Appointed counsel
filed an amended petition; counsel’s amended petition alleged ineffective assistance of counsel and
an involuntary plea but failed to specifically allege that, but for trial counsel’s actions, petitioner
would have insisted on going to trial. The post-conviction court dismissed the petition, concluding
it was deficient because it failed to specifically allege prejudice. On appeal, this court reversed,
found the petition was sufficient, and remanded the case to the post-conviction court for an
evidentiary hearing.2 The post-conviction court conducted an evidentiary hearing and denied the
petition. This appeal followed.
POST-CONVICTION HEARING TESTIMONY
The 62-year-old petitioner testified he, his brother, and his sister initially met with trial
counsel in late 1991, and he next saw him 18 months later for approximately 15 minutes. The
petitioner explained he saw counsel only once more for less than 15 minutes prior to the day he
entered his plea. The petitioner said counsel told him he faced 200 years if he did not accept a plea
offer, which “blowed [sic] [his] mind.” The petitioner testified counsel stated he would be released
in 10.5 years under the 35-year plea agreement; if he pled no contest, he could later receive a jury
trial; and he was required to agree with “everything [the judge] says” during the plea acceptance
hearing.
The petitioner further testified his wife had expressed her desire to sell their farm to her
sister, the mother of the victim-niece, for approximately five years prior to his arrest; he agreed to
sell a portion of the farm to her sister; his wife and her sister continued pressing for sale of the entire
farm; and when the petitioner refused to sell the remainder of the farm, his wife said, “I’ll see you
in prison. . . .” Petitioner implied it was this family squabble that led to the instant charges. The
petitioner conceded he had been convicted in Virginia at a jury trial for aggravated sexual battery of
the same niece and was sentenced to four years imprisonment.
Johnny Loudermilk, the petitioner’s brother, corroborated the petitioner’s testimony
regarding the petitioner’s wife’s desire to sell the farm and testified she made those statements in
approximately 1987. Donnie Rutledge, a friend of the petitioner's, also testified the petitioner's wife
threatened petitioner in 1988 or 1989 with jail if he did not sell the entire farm. Betty Loudermilk,
2
Reece Calloway Loudermilk v. S tate, C.C.A. No. 03C0l-9810-CR-00352, 1999 Tenn. Crim. App. LEXIS 1141(Tenn. C rim App. N ov. 17, 19 99, at Kno xville).
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petitioner’s sister-in-law, testified the petitioner’s wife told her sometime between 1989 and 1992
that “she was going to get her a new house, but it wouldn’t be with [the petitioner].”
Trial counsel testified he filed discovery motions, met with prosecutors, acquired medical
records, acquired a trial transcript of the petitioner’s Virginia trial, and analyzed the substance of the
victims’ statements. Counsel considered petitioner's chance of success at a jury trial to be
"[b]etween zero and nil." Counsel said he discussed the evidence and the state’s initial plea offer
of 40 years as a Range II multiple offender with the petitioner. Counsel further said he explained
to the petitioner the difference between concurrent and consecutive sentencing, and he bartered with
the prosecutor for six weeks until he secured an offer of an effective 35-year sentence as a Range I
standard offender. Counsel testified that the plea was voluntarily entered, and he informed the
petitioner it was the best plea agreement he could obtain. Counsel further testified petitioner
neglected to inform him of his wife’s prior bitterness regarding the farm.
The lead prosecuting attorney on the petitioner’s case estimated he talked with petitioner’s
counsel five to eight times. The lead prosecutor further testified the victim’s family denied
petitioner’s counsel’s request for an interview; he furnished petitioner’s counsel with discovery; and
he negotiated the final plea agreement with petitioner’s counsel on the morning scheduled for trial.
He saw no indication that petitioner's plea was involuntary.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
A. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
The judge's findings of fact on post-conviction hearings are conclusive on appeal unless the
evidence preponderates otherwise. State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3d 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999). The trial
court’s findings of fact are afforded the weight of a jury verdict, and this court is bound by the trial
court’s findings unless the evidence in the record preponderates against those findings. Henley v.
State, 960 S.W.2d 572, 578 (Tenn. 1997); Alley v. State, 958 S.W.2d 138, 147 (Tenn. Crim. App.
1997). Questions concerning the credibility of witnesses and the weight and value to be given to
their testimony are resolved by the trial court, not this court. Burns, 6 S.W.3d at 461. However, the
trial court’s conclusions of law are reviewed under a purely de novo standard with no presumption
of correctness. Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001).
This court reviews a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel under the standards of Baxter
v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930 (Tenn. 1975), and Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct.
2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984). The petitioner has the burden to prove that (1) the attorney’s
performance was deficient, and (2) the deficient performance resulted in prejudice to the defendant
so as to deprive him of a fair trial. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. at 2064; Goad v. State,
938 S.W.2d 363, 369 (Tenn. 1996); Butler v. State, 789 S.W.2d 898, 899 (Tenn. 1990). The failure
to prove either deficiency or prejudice justifies denial of relief; therefore, the court need not address
the components in any particular order or even address both if one is insufficient. Goad, 938 S.W.2d
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at 370. In order to establish prejudice, the petitioner must establish a “reasonable probability that,
but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A
reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.”
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068.
In Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 106 S. Ct. 366, 88 L. Ed. 2d 203 (1985), the Supreme Court
applied the two-part Strickland standard to ineffective assistance of counsel claims arising out of a
plea. The Court in Hill modified the prejudice requirement by requiring a petitioner to show that
there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors, he would not have entered the plea and
would have insisted on going to trial. 474 U.S. at 59, 106 S. Ct. at 370; Hicks v. State, 983 S.W.2d
240, 246 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998).
B. Involuntary Plea
Petitioner also contends his plea was involuntary and unknowing. Our supreme court has
stated the following:
The cases of Boykin v. Alabama and State v. Mackey are the landmark constitutional
cases for analyses of guilty pleas. Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S. Ct. 1709, 23 L.
Ed. 2d 274 (1969) (federal standard); State v. Mackey, 553 S.W.2d 337 (Tenn. 1977) (state
standard). In Boykin, the United States Supreme Court held that before a trial judge can
accept a guilty plea, there must be an affirmative showing that it was given intelligently and
voluntarily. Id. at 242, 89 S. Ct. at 1711, 23 L. Ed. 2d at 279. In order to find that the plea
was entered "intelligently" or "voluntarily," the court must "canvass[ ] the matter with the
accused to make sure he has a full understanding of what the plea connotes and of its
consequences." Id. at 244, 89 S. Ct. at 1712, 23 L. Ed. 2d at 280 (emphasis added).
Likewise, in Mackey, this Court held that "the record of acceptance of a defendant's
plea of guilty must affirmatively demonstrate that his decision was both voluntary and
knowledgeable, i.e., that he has been made aware of the significant consequences of such a
plea . . . .” 553 S.W.2d at 340.
State v. Pettus, 986 S.W.2d 540, 542 (Tenn. 1999). We further conclude a plea of nolo contendere
must be analyzed under the same standards. See Tenn. R. Crim. P. 11(b) - (d).
POST-CONVICTION COURT’S FINDINGS
The post-conviction court entered detailed written findings which discredited the testimony
of the petitioner, accredited the testimony of petitioner’s counsel, found counsel rendered effective
representation, and concluded petitioner’s effective 35-year sentence was “a deal” considering he
faced a maximum effective sentence of 125 years. The post-conviction court further concluded trial
counsel and the sentencing judge did a thorough job explaining the details of the plea agreement to
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petitioner; the petitioner was "willing to say whatever he needs to say to get out [of prison];"
petitioner’s testimony at the hearing was "not believable;" and "the plea was knowingly and
intelligently entered."
ANALYSIS
The petitioner’s trial counsel prepared for trial by filing discovery motions, meeting with
prosecutors, acquiring medical records, acquiring a transcript of petitioner’s Virginia trial where he
was convicted of aggravated sexual battery of his niece, and analyzing the substance of the victims’
statements. Counsel further met with petitioner and petitioner’s family on numerous occasions, and
he explained the relevant issues relating to the petitioner’s case. The state's proof, he believed, was
overwhelming. Furthermore, he negotiated with the prosecutor for six weeks until he secured an
offer of an effective 35-year sentence as a Range I standard offender, a substantial reduction from
the state's initial offer. The post-conviction court found no deficiency by trial counsel; the evidence
does not preponderate against this finding.
The petitioner contends counsel was ineffective by failing to inform petitioner he was
ineligible to be sentenced as a Range II multiple offender because his prior Virginia conviction
consisted of an offense committed after the instant offenses. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-106(b)(1)
("'Prior conviction' means a conviction for an offense occurring prior to the commission of the
offense for which the defendant is being sentenced."). However, as noted by the post-conviction
court, petitioner still faced the possibility of 125 years even as a standard offender. Thus, petitioner
has not shown that had he known he faced 125 years instead of 200 years, he would have insisted
on going to trial.
The petitioner next alleges his pleas were involuntarily entered because counsel failed to
conduct an adequate investigation of the factual background of the charges and failed to interview
state witnesses. The post-conviction court found no deficiency in this regard, and the evidence does
not preponderate against this finding. Furthermore, petitioner has made no showing that he would
not have entered the plea if trial counsel had done anything differently with regard to his
investigation.
Finally, petitioner contends trial counsel erroneously advised him he would be released after
serving 10.5 years of the 35-year sentence. The post-conviction court rejected the credibility of
petitioner's testimony and concluded trial counsel was not deficient. The transcript of the plea
submission hearing further reveals the court repeatedly mentioned that the 30% was a release
eligibility date; at no time was the petitioner told he would, in fact, be released at that time. In
addition, petitioner has made no showing that the 30% release eligibility date is inaccurate. His
sentences are not controlled by Tennessee Code Annotated sections 39-13-523 and 40-35-501(i).
These offenses were committed prior to 1992. See supra note 1. We do recognize that petitioner
may not be released at 30% due to the requirements of Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-35-
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503(c); nevertheless, the 30% release eligibility date is accurate. The evidence supports the post-
conviction court's finding that the plea was voluntarily and knowingly entered.
CONCLUSION
We conclude the evidence does not preponderate against the post-conviction court's findings
that petitioner received effective assistance of counsel and knowingly and voluntarily entered his
plea. The judgment of the post-conviction court is affirmed.
___________________________________
JOE G. RILEY, JUDGE
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