State of Tennessee v. Thomas H. Whaley

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
Assigned on Briefs July 24, 2002
STATE OF TENNESSEE v. THOMAS H. WHALEY
Direct Appeal from the Criminal Court for Sevier County
No. 8143 Richard R. Vance, Judge
No. E2001-01476-CCA-R3-CD
August 21, 2002
The Sevier County Grand Jury returned a two count presentment alleging the defendant committed
a vehicular homicide by intoxication for the death of one victim and a vehicular assault by
intoxication for the serious bodily injury of another victim. The defendant pled guilty to the
amended charges of vehicular homicide by recklessness and aggravated assault by recklessness for
agreed concurrent sentences of six years and three years, respectively, with the issue of alternative
sentencing to be determined by the trial court. The trial court sentenced the defendant to split
confinement and ordered the defendant to serve nine months “day-for-day” in the county jail with
the remainder of his six-year effective sentence on supervised probation. In this appeal, the
defendant alleges he should have received community corrections, or alternatively, he received
excessive confinement. We conclude the trial court improperly ordered the defendant to serve his
nine months of confinement “day-for-day,” thereby depriving him of the opportunity to earn good
conduct credits. We remand for deletion of the day-for-day requirement; however, we affirm the
trial court in all other respects.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgments of the Criminal Court Affirmed as
Modified; Remanded
JOE G. RILEY, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which DAVID H. WELLES and JERRY L.
SMITH, JJ., joined.
Dennis C. Campbell, Sevierville, Tennessee, for the appellant, Thomas H. Whaley.
Paul G. Summers, Attorney General and Reporter; David H. Findley, Assistant Attorney General;
Al C. Schmutzer, Jr., District Attorney General; and Charles E. Atchley, Jr., Assistant District
Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
On March 15, 2000, Larry Moore and Teresa Allen were traveling in a vehicle when they
were struck by a vehicle driven by the defendant. Moore was killed; Allen was seriously injured,
necessitating numerous surgeries and the amputation of her left foot. The defendant was driving
recklessly at a high rate of speed; he registered a .09 % blood alcohol level; he told officers “he had
been consuming moonshine that day for most of the day;” and officers found moonshine in his
vehicle.
ALTERNATIVE SENTENCING
A. Standard of Review
This court’s review of the sentence imposed by the trial court is de novo with a presumption
of correctness. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-401(d). This presumption is conditioned upon an
affirmative showing in the record that the trial judge considered the sentencing principles and all
relevant facts and circumstances. State v. Pettus, 986 S.W.2d 540, 543 (Tenn. 1999).
Under the Criminal Sentencing Reform Act of 1989, trial judges are encouraged to use
alternatives to incarceration. An especially mitigated or standard offender convicted of a Class C,
D or E felony is presumed to be a favorable candidate for alternative sentencing options in the
absence of evidence to the contrary. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-102(6). However, although a
defendant may be presumed to be a favorable candidate for alternative sentencing, the defendant has
the burden of establishing suitability for total probation. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-303(b); State v.
Boggs, 932 S.W.2d 467, 477 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1996). In determining if incarceration is
appropriate, a trial court may consider the need to avoid depreciating the seriousness of the offense.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-103(1)(B).
B. Trial Court’s Findings
The trial court concluded the defendant was unsuitable for total probation based on the
circumstances of the crime and found incarceration was necessary to avoid depreciating the
seriousness of the offenses. The trial court further concluded the defendant exhibited a lack of
candor and had failed to take responsibility for his actions. The trial court then noted the
defendant’s positive attributes and sentenced the defendant to nine months “day-for-day” in the
county jail with the remainder of his effective six-year sentence to be served on supervised
probation.
C. Analysis
Initially, we note the trial court entered a final judgment on May 14, 2001; the defendant
filed a timely notice of appeal on May 29, 2001; a document entitled “Motion to Reconsider” was
filed in the trial court on May 29, 2001; the trial court overruled the Motion to Reconsider on
October 10, 2001; and the defendant filed an “Amended Notice of Appeal” on November 8, 2001.
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The trial court loses jurisdiction upon the filing of a notice of appeal. State v. Pendergrass, 937
S.W.2d 834, 837 (Tenn. 1996). Accordingly, any action taken by the trial court following the filing
of the notice of appeal is void. See id. In this situation, the trial court denied the motion to
reconsider; thus, this error has no practical effect on the substantive merits of this appeal.
The defendant contends he should have received community corrections as an alternative to
split confinement. Generally, an offender who is guilty of a “crime[] against the person” is not
eligible for a community corrections sentence. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-36-106(a)(2). Vehicular
homicide by recklessness and aggravated assault by recklessness are statutorily delegated as crimes
against the person. See Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 39-13-213(a)(1), -102(a)(2)(A). However, an offender
who commits a crime against the person and is eligible for probation is likewise eligible for a
community corrections sentence if the trial court determines:
(1) the offender has a history of chronic alcohol, drug abuse, or mental health
problems; (2) these factors were reasonably related to and contributed to the
offender's criminal conduct; (3) the identifiable special need(s) are treatable; and
(4) the treatment of the special need could be best served in the community rather
than in a correctional institution.
State v.Grigsby, 957 S.W.2d 541, 546-47 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1997); see Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-36-
106(c). In the instant case, the trial court made no such findings, and for reasons stated hereafter,
we will not disturb the trial court’s denial of community corrections.
Although the defendant pled guilty to vehicular homicide by recklessness and aggravated
assault by recklessness, the trial court at sentencing “may go beyond the negotiated plea and
consider the ‘true nature’ of the crime." State v. Biggs, 769 S.W.2d 506, 507 (Tenn. Crim. App.
1988). The trial court may deny "full probation" based on a finding that such a denial is necessary
to avoid depreciating the seriousness of the offense. State v. Butler, 880 S.W.2d 395, 401 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1994). Furthermore, the trial court may properly consider lack of candor and failure to
take responsibility as they reflect upon potential for rehabilitation. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-
103(5); State v. Nunley, 22 S.W.3d 282, 289 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1999); State v Dowdy, 894 S.W.2d
301, 306 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994). The trial court acted well within its discretion by ordering the
defendant to serve nine months in split confinement. We also observe that split confinement is a
form of alternative sentencing. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-104(c)(5). The defendant has not met
his burden of showing this aspect of his sentence was improper. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-
401(d), Sentencing Commission Comments.
Although neither argued by the defendant nor brought to our attention by the state, we note
the trial court was not authorized to order the defendant to serve his nine months in the county jail
“day-for-day,” thereby depriving the defendant of good conduct credits. Good conduct credits apply
to felons serving less than one year in the county jail or workhouse. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 41-2-
111(b); State v. James Kevin Underwood, No. E2000-01945-CCA-R3-CD, 2001 Tenn. Crim. App.
LEXIS 585, at *8 (Tenn. Crim. App. Aug. 2, 2001, at Knoxville); see also State v. Clark, 67 S.W.3d
73, 78 (Tenn. Crim. App. 2001). Accordingly, we modify the time of confinement to the extent of
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deleting the "day-for-day" language. Therefore, defendant will be entitled to any good conduct
credits he earns, which will apply toward his nine months of confinement.
We remand to the trial court for entry of amended judgments deleting the “day-for-day”
language and affirm the judgments of the trial court in all other respects.
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JOE G. RILEY, JUDGE
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