Jonathan Schelfe v. State of Tennessee

05/16/2022
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs May 11, 2022
JONATHAN SCHELFE v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Direct Appeal from the Circuit Court for Wayne County
No. 16861 Christopher V. Sockwell, Judge
No. M2021-00501-CCA-R3-HC
In 2013, the Petitioner, Jonathan Schelfe, pleaded guilty to ten counts of rape of a child,
eight counts of aggravated sexual battery, four counts of rape, two counts of solicitation of
a minor, and one count of sexual exploitation of a minor. The trial court imposed an
effective sentence of forty years of incarceration. The Petitioner filed a motion to correct
an illegal sentence with regard to four of his convictions, which the trial court denied. This
court affirmed the denial. State v. Jonathan Schelfe, No. M2018-01604-CCA-R3-CD,
2019 WL 4071981, at *1 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Nashville, Aug. 29, 2019), no perm. app.
filed. Thereafter, the Petitioner filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus, alleging a
violation of his constitutional rights, and the habeas court entered an order summarily
dismissing the petition. We affirm the habeas court’s judgment.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which ROBERT L.
HOLLOWAY, JR. and JOHN W. CAMPBELL, SR., JJ., joined.
Jonathan Schelfe, Clifton, Tennessee, Pro Se.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Garrett D. Ward, Assistant Attorney
General; Brent A. Cooper, District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. Facts and Procedural History
This court summarized the facts and procedural history of this case in its 2019
opinion as follows:
In September 2012, the Petitioner was charged in a 42-count
indictment of rape of a child, aggravated sexual battery, rape, solicitation of
a minor under 13 years of age to observe sexual conduct, and solicitation of
a minor to observe sexual conduct in case numbers 681-2012 and 659-2012.
On May 23, 2013, the Petitioner entered a guilty plea and received an
effective sentence of forty years, to be served at 100%.
Significantly, at the Petitioner’s May 23, 2013 guilty plea hearing, the
State advised the trial court as follows:
[The Petitioner] will be pleading guilty to Counts 1, 4, 5, and
8, rape of a child. Your Honor, these counts occurred
sometime between 2007 and 2009. There was a change in the
statutory scheme on the sentencing for rape of a child July 1st,
2007. Accordingly, I believe, the [Petitioner] has the right to
select which sentencing scheme he wants to be sentenced
under. . . . We have agreed that he will be sentenced under the
sentencing scheme prior to July 1st, 2007. In that situation,
rape of a child carried 15 to 25 years at 100 percent.
The State then provided the following factual basis in support of the
Petitioner’s guilty pleas to rape of a child in counts 1, 4, 5, and 8:
From the time that [the victim] was about seven years
old, beginning in 2007, sometime in 2007, the initial encounter
involved her walking in, seeing her father, the [Petitioner],
watching pornography. He encouraged her to continue to stay
there and watch the pornography with him.
Within a relatively short period of time, he began to
molest her. He would do so on a regular basis. At least weekly
or every other week he would touch her on her vaginal area, he
would have her touch his penis, he would digitally penetrate
her, and he would perform oral sex on her.
Schelfe, 2019 WL 4071981, at *1. 1
In 2018, the Petitioner filed a motion for correction of an illegal sentence pursuant
to Rule 36.1 of the Tennessee Rules of Criminal Procedure. He contended, in effect,
relative to five of his convictions for rape of a child, that he was sentenced pursuant to an
1
Based on this summary in our opinion, we discern that the Petitioner was sentenced pursuant to a plea agreement.
The plea agreement is not included in the record.
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incorrect sentencing scheme resulting in an illegal sentence. The trial court dismissed the
motion for failure to state a colorable claim. Id. On appeal, this court stated:
Here, the Petitioner appears to be laboring under the mistaken belief that his
convictions for rape of a child in counts 1, 4, 5, and 8 are void or illegal
because he was sentenced under a law that was repealed. He is not entitled
to relief on multiple grounds. It should be noted at the outset that the guilty
plea colloquy as well as the judgment forms provide the date for these counts
of conviction as between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2009. As the
trial court explained, the mandatory minimum sentence for rape of a child, a
Class A felony, that was in effect prior to July 1, 2007, was not less than
fifteen nor more than twenty-five years. After July 1, 2007, the mandatory
minimum sentence for rape of a child became twenty-five years. “When a
penal statute or penal legislative act of the state is repealed or amended by a
subsequent legislative act, the offense, as defined by the statute or act being
repealed or amended, committed while the statute or act was in full force and
effect shall be prosecuted under the act or statute in effect at the time of the
commission of the offense.”
Id. at *3 (citation omitted). This court agreed that the Petitioner had failed to state a
colorable claim in his motion and affirmed the trial court’s dismissal. Id.
In 2020, the Petitioner filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus claiming that a “no
contact” provision of his plea agreement violated his constitutional “right to marital
association.”2 He also reasserted his prior argument that his sentence was illegal because
it was imposed pursuant to an outdated sentencing scheme. The habeas court filed an order
on April 9, 2021, dismissing the petition. It is from this judgment that the Petitioner now
appeals.
II. Analysis
On appeal, we discern the Petitioner’s issues to be as follows: (1) that his plea
agreement was in violation of his constitutional rights; and (2) that the habeas court’s
summary dismissal of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus violated his constitutional
rights. The State responds that none of the Petitioner’s claims result in a void judgment
and therefore, the habeas court properly summarily dismissed his petition. We agree with
the State.
Article I, section 15 of the Tennessee Constitution guarantees the right to seek
habeas corpus relief. See Faulkner v. State, 226 S.W.3d 358, 361 (Tenn. 2007). Although
the right is guaranteed in the Tennessee Constitution, the right is governed by statute.
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We reiterate that the plea agreement is not included in the record.
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T.C.A. §§ 29-21-101, -130 (2014). The determination of whether habeas corpus relief
should be granted is a question of law and is accordingly given de novo review with no
presumption of correctness given to the findings and conclusions of the court below. Smith
v. Lewis, 202 S.W.3d 124, 127 (Tenn. 2006) (citation omitted); Hart v. State, 21 S.W.3d
901, 903 (Tenn. 2000). Although there is no statutory limit preventing a habeas corpus
petition, the grounds upon which relief can be granted are very narrow. Taylor v. State,
995 S.W.2d 78, 83 (Tenn. 1999).
It is the Petitioner’s burden to demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that
“the sentence is void or that the confinement is illegal.” Wyatt v. State, 24 S.W.3d 319,
322 (Tenn. 2000). In other words, the very narrow grounds upon which a habeas corpus
petition can be based are as follows: (1) a claim there was a void judgment which was
facially invalid because the convicting court was without jurisdiction or authority to
sentence the defendant; or (2) a claim the defendant’s sentence has expired. Stephenson v.
Carlton, 28 S.W.3d 910, 911 (Tenn. 2000); Archer v. State, 851 S.W.2d 157, 164 (Tenn.
1993). “An illegal sentence, one whose imposition directly contravenes a statute, is
considered void and may be set aside at any time.” May v. Carlton, 245 S.W.3d 340, 344
(Tenn. 2008) (citing State v. Burkhart, 566 S.W.2d 871, 873 (Tenn. 1978)). In contrast, a
voidable judgment or sentence is “one which is facially valid and requires the introduction
of proof beyond the face of the record or judgment to establish its invalidity.” Taylor, 995
S.W.2d at 83 (citations omitted); see State v. Ritchie, 20 S.W.3d 624, 633 (Tenn. 2000).
The petitioner bears the burden of showing, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the
conviction is void or that the prison term has expired. Passarella v. State, 891 S.W.2d 619,
627 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994).
If the habeas court determines from a petitioner’s filings that no cognizable claim
has been stated and that the petitioner is not entitled to relief, the petition for writ of habeas
corpus may be summarily dismissed. See Hickman v. State, 153 S.W.3d 16, 20 (Tenn.
2004). Further, the habeas court may summarily dismiss the petition without the
appointment of a lawyer and without an evidentiary hearing if there is nothing on the face
of the judgment to indicate that the convictions are void. Passarella v. State, 891 S.W.2d
619, 627 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1994), superseded by statute as stated in State v. Steven S.
Newman, No. 02C01-9707-CC00266, 1998 WL 104492, at *1 n.2 (Tenn. Crim. App., at
Jackson, Mar. 11, 1998).
The habeas court found that there was no basis for the writ of habeas corpus because
the Petitioner’s judgments were not void. We agree and conclude that the Petitioner has
not met his burden of establishing that his judgments are void or that his sentences have
expired. After concluding that the Petitioner had not stated any cognizable claim for relief,
the habeas court properly dismissed the petition without a hearing. See Hickman, 153
S.W.3d at 20.
We also conclude, as did the habeas court, that none of the Petitioner’s claims that
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his constitutional rights have been violated are cognizable for habeas corpus relief. “Unlike
the federal writ of habeas corpus which reaches as far as allowed by the Constitution, the
scope of the writ within Tennessee does not permit relief from convictions that are merely
voidable for want of due process of law.” State v. Ritchie, 20 S.W.3d 624, 630 (Tenn.
2000). Therefore, a claim of a violation of due process rights or equal protection rights is
“not a cognizable claim for habeas corpus relief.” John A. Woodruff v. State, No. M2009-
00187-CCA-R3-HC, 2009 WL 2877619, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App. Sept. 9, 2009), no perm.
app. filed; see also Smith v. Hesson, 63 S.W.3d 725, 728 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001) (claims
regarding violation of due process and equal protection do not state colorable claims for
habeas corpus relief). “[C]onstitutional infirmities create voidable judgments not void
judgments unless the face of the record establishes that the trial court did not have
jurisdiction to convict or sentence the petitioner.” Wayford Demonbreun, Jr. v. State, No.
M2004-03037-CCA-R3-HC, 2005 WL 1541873, at *2 (Tenn. Crim. App., at Nashville,
June 30, 2005), perm. appeal denied (Tenn. Oct. 31, 2005). Accordingly, we conclude that
the habeas court properly dismissed the petition. The Petitioner is not entitled to habeas
corpus relief.
III. Conclusion
After a thorough review of the record and the applicable law, we affirm the habeas
court’s judgment.
_________________________________
ROBERT W. WEDEMEYER, JUDGE
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