Jamaal Mayes v. State of Tennessee

02/20/2020
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
Assigned on Briefs January 29, 2020
JAMAAL MAYES v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Criminal Court for Hamilton County
No. 300303, 241336 Don W. Poole, Judge
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No. E2019-00282-CCA-R3-PC
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Petitioner, Jamaal Mayes, appeals the dismissal of his petition for post-conviction relief
from his 2003 guilty-pleaded conviction for attempted rape of a child. Petitioner argues
that the statute of limitations should be tolled on due process grounds to assert a later-
arising claim, namely that he did not become aware that he was subject to community
supervision for life until more than ten years after his plea. After a hearing, the post-
conviction court dismissed the petition as untimely. Upon review, we affirm the
judgment of the post-conviction court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Criminal Court Affirmed
TIMOTHY L. EASTER, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which ROBERT W.
WEDEMEYER and ROBERT H. MONTGOMERY, JR., JJ., joined.
Charles P. Dupree (on appeal) and Joshua Weiss (at hearing), Chattanooga, Tennessee,
for the appellant, Jamaal Mondrew Mayes.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Garrett D. Ward, Assistant
Attorney General; Neal Pinkston, District Attorney General; and P. Andrew Coyle,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
Factual and Procedural Background
In August 2002, Petitioner was indicted for two counts of rape of a child, one
count of aggravated sexual battery, and one count of incest based on allegations of sexual
conduct with his niece. On March 6, 2003, Petitioner pled guilty to one count of
attempted rape of a child and received a sentence of eight years suspended to probation
after the service of eleven months and twenty-nine days. At the plea hearing, the
prosecutor stated that Petitioner “will be required to register with the TBI as a sex
offender” and “will be subject to the community supervision for life statute.” Although
the trial court asked if Petitioner understood that he “would be required to register with
the sexual offender’s registry,” the trial court never mentioned community supervision
for life, and it was not mentioned on the plea petition signed by Petitioner. The
judgement form, however, contains a checkmark designating that “[p]ursuant to [T.C.A.
§] 39-13-524 the defendant is sentenced to community supervision for life following
sentence expiration.”
Petitioner subsequently violated his probation when he was arrested on new
charges. After initially being deemed incompetent to stand trial, Petitioner eventually
pled guilty in November 2006 to attempted second degree murder and attempted
especially aggravated kidnapping. Petitioner was incarcerated until January 2014. At
that time, he was released to a halfway house and signed a Community Supervision
Certificate with the Board of Probation and Parole. In March or April1 2015, Petitioner
was charged with violating both the sex offender registry and community supervision for
life, to which he subsequently pled guilty on October 6, 2015.
On December 18, 2015, Petitioner filed several pro se motions, including a Motion
to Correct Illegal Sentence Pursuant to Rule 36.1. The post-conviction court found
Petitioner to be indigent and appointed counsel. On November 10, 2016, appointed
counsel filed a petition for post-conviction relief, alleging that the statute of limitations
should be tolled because Petitioner did not become aware of the community supervision
for life requirement until he registered as a sex offender in April 2014, as well as due to
“Petitioner’s mental health issues.” Petitioner alleged that his guilty plea was not
knowing and voluntary because he was not informed of the community supervision for
life requirement and because he was not competent to stand trial. Petitioner also alleged
that he received ineffective assistance of trial counsel.
On November 16, 2016, the post-conviction court entered a preliminary order
finding that the petition was filed outside of the one-year statute of limitations but setting
the case for a hearing on the issue of due process tolling of the statute of limitations based
on Petitioner’s allegations of both a later-arising claim and mental incompetence. After
incorrectly noting that the judgment of conviction did not mention community
supervision for life “[n]or does the record in case 241336 reflect the entry of an amended
1
The petition for post-conviction relief states that Petitioner was arrested on March 31, 2015,
whereas the State’s response states that Petitioner was arrested on April 21, 2015, and that the March 31
arrest was for leaving the scene of an accident. There is no documentation related to the charge of
violating community supervision for life in the record on appeal.
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judgment imposing community supervision for life,” the post-conviction court
characterized Petitioner’s later-arising claim as “subjection to community supervision for
life despite the non-imposition of such a sentence by this [c]ourt at any time before the
expiration of the sentence.” The post-conviction court also treated the petition as a
petition for the writ of habeas corpus on this basis, which it granted.2 The State filed a
response on April 19, 2017, arguing that the petition was untimely and that Petitioner was
not entitled to due process tolling of the statute of limitations.
A hearing was held on October 17, 2017. Defense counsel acknowledged that the
judgment form included the community supervision for life requirement and that the
prosecutor mentioned it at the plea hearing. Defense counsel argued, however, that due
to Petitioner’s “history of mental illness” and inability “to fundamentally read and write,”
Petitioner was not aware that he was subject to community supervision for life until he
was arrested for violating it on March 31, 2015. Defense counsel contended that
Petitioner filed his pro se motions, which were subsequently converted into the post-
conviction petition, within nine months of his arrest.
Petitioner testified that he was 34 years old and that his highest level of education
was eleventh-grade special education. Petitioner characterized his mental health issues as
“[m]ental retardation, function of memory, [and] schizophrenia[.]” Petitioner testified
that he could “[b]arely” read and write.
As for his 2003 guilty plea, Petitioner did not recall discussing with his attorneys
the offenses with which he was charged, the consequences of his plea, or community
supervision for life. Petitioner testified that he did not have to report to community
supervision during the time that he was on probation. Petitioner testified that he had to
sign some paperwork when he was released from prison to a halfway house in January
2014; however, no one mentioned community supervision for life at that time. Petitioner
acknowledged his signature on a “probation paper” that said “community supervision or
something,” but he did “[n]ot clearly” understand the document. He explained, “I signed
some papers, but I don’t know what I was signing to.”
Petitioner testified that he did not become aware of community supervision for life
until his arrest for violating it. Petitioner explained to the attorney representing him on
those charges “that I wasn’t supposed to be on it, because I didn’t know anything about it
because it wasn’t explained to me or mentioned to me or anything.” The attorney told
him that “she didn’t know what to do with it,” and he “ended up settling” those
violations. Petitioner then filed his motions because he did not believe that he was
supposed to be on community supervision for life.
2
Other than setting the matter for a hearing, the post-conviction court’s order did not state any
relief that Petitioner would be granted based upon its grant of the writ of habeas corpus.
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On cross-examination, Petitioner stated that he did not know what would happen if
his petition for post-conviction relief were granted. Petitioner did not know that he was
not required to report to community supervision for life until his probationary sentence
ended. Petitioner testified that when his probation was revoked, he was incarcerated at
Brushy Mountain, which does not have a prison library. Petitioner testified that when he
was released from prison, “they didn’t go over no document with me. They just had me
sign some papers, but they didn’t explain what the reason or the situation and they just
said report.” Petitioner admitted that he did not ask what the paper said before he signed
it. Petitioner testified that he did not contact an attorney or file any motions regarding
community supervision for life between January 2014 and March 2015.
On redirect examination, Petitioner testified that he was not aware that he was on
community supervision for life between January 2014 and March 2015. The attorney
who represented Petitioner on his criminal charges for violating community supervision
for life told him that “she never dealt with a situation like this before, [and] she didn’t
know what to do[.]” Petitioner testified that he did not want to plead guilty to the
violation charges. Petitioner spoke to “a guy that practiced legal work” in the jail, who
helped Petitioner prepare his motions.
On November 6, 2017, the post-conviction court entered an order setting the
matter for further hearing on November 27, 2017. The post-conviction court noted that
Petitioner was raising a claim pursuant to Ward v. State, 315 S.W.3d 461 (Tenn. 2010)
that his constitutional right to be informed of the community supervision for life
requirement before entering a guilty plea was violated. The post-conviction court further
noted that Bush v. State, 428 S.W.3d 1 (Tenn. 2014), which held that Ward did not
establish a retroactively applicable constitutional right for the purposes of tolling the
statute of limitations under Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-102(b)(1), did not
bar claims of due process tolling. Again based on its incorrect finding that the judgment
form did not contain “any reference to community supervision for life,” the post-
conviction court’s order stated the following:
Is the omission of a provision for community supervision for life
from the judgment a clerical error? If the omission of a provision for
community supervision for life from the judgment constitutes a clerical
error in the judgment, then the Court agrees with the [P]etitioner that due
process would toll the statute of limitations, at least as long as the
[P]etitioner was falsely reassured by the plea agreement and the judgment
that there was no issue to pursue. If, as the petition alleges, the [P]etitioner
did not learn of the requirement until April 2014, however, it would not
seem to the Court diligent to wait until after pleading guilty to violating the
requirement in October 2015 to challenge the requirement. Absent proof of
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mental incompetence at or after the [P]etitioner’s discovery of the
requirement, the Ward post-conviction claim would therefore be untimely.
If the omission of a provision for community supervision for life
from the judgment does not constitute a clerical error, however, then the
effective amendment of the judgment by the state after the expiration of the
sentence to impose an additional restraint on the [P]etitioner’s liberty in the
form of community supervision for life would, to the extent that it is the
cause of any present restraint on the [P]etitioner’s liberty, be illegal and a
ground for the writ of habeas corpus. See T.C.A. § 29[-]21[-]101(a)
(authorizing persons imprisoned or restrained of liberty to prosecute a writ
of habeas corpus to inquire into the cause of imprisonment or restraint on
liberty).
The Court, which, under T.C.A. § 29[-]21[-]104, has a duty to issue
the writ of habeas corpus even without an application therefor whenever it
has evidence from a judicial proceeding that anyone within its jurisdiction
is illegally imprisoned or restrained of liberty, has already issued the writ of
habeas corpus in this case. At the hearing, however, the parties did not
address the issue of the legality of the belated subjection of the [P]etitioner
to community supervision for life, even though the [P]etitioner, whom the
state alleges was released from custody on 5 January 2016, is, presumably,
again subject to community supervision for life, i.e., is subject to a present
restraint on his liberty in the form of community supervision for life.
The Court decides that the hearing should be reopened to allow the
parties to address, with additional proof or argument, any issue discussed
herein. Thereafter, the Court will issue an order disposing of both the
explicit Ward post-conviction claim and the implicit habeas-corpus claim.
On November 9, 2017, the post-conviction court sua sponte issued an order
vacating its November 6 order and canceling the scheduled hearing. The post-conviction
court found that the March 6, 2003 judgment form did “reflect imposition of a sentence
of community supervision for life.” The post-conviction court found that despite
Petitioner’s allegation of his “late discovery of the community-supervision-for-life
requirement,” his case was “indistinguishable from Bush” because the requirement was
noted on the judgment form. The post-conviction court found that even if Petitioner’s
allegation that he did not learn of the requirement until April 2014 were true, he was not
diligently pursuing his rights by waiting until after he pled guilty to violating community
supervision for life in October 2015 to file his claim. The post-conviction court
concluded, “Absent proof of mental incompetence after the entry of the judgment in 2003
or the [P]etitioner’s discovery of the requirement in 2014, the Court concludes that the
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Ward post-conviction claim is untimely.” As to any habeas corpus claim, the post-
conviction court stated that “it no longer finds the restraint on the [P]etitioner’s liberty
attributable to the sentence of community supervision for life illegal.” The post-
conviction court dismissed the petition.
On February 12, 2019, Petitioner filed a document in this Court that was treated as
a pro se notice of appeal.3 On May 10, 2019, this Court granted post-conviction
counsel’s motion to withdraw and remanded the case to the trial court for the
appointment of appellate counsel. After the filing of Petitioner’s appellate brief, the State
filed a motion to dismiss the appeal on the ground that the notice of appeal was untimely.
On November 1, 2019, this Court denied the motion and waived the timeliness of the
notice of appeal in the interest of justice. See Tenn. R. App. P. 4(a). This case is now
properly before this Court on appeal.
Analysis
Post-conviction relief is available for any conviction or sentence that is “void or
voidable because of the abridgment of any right guaranteed by the Constitution of
Tennessee or the Constitution of the United States.” T.C.A. § 40-30-103. A petition for
post-conviction relief must be filed within one year of the date on which the judgment
became final if no direct appeal was taken. T.C.A. § 40-30-102(a). Our legislature
emphasized the fact that “[t]ime is of the essence of the right to file a petition for post-
conviction relief,” id., and provided only three narrow exceptions to the statute of
limitations: (1) a new constitutional right with retrospective application; (2) new
scientific evidence establishing actual innocence; and (3) the invalidation of convictions
underlying an enhanced sentence. T.C.A. § 40-30-102(b).
The constitutional right to due process may necessitate tolling the statute of
limitations in certain circumstances outside of the enumerated statutory exceptions. See
Seals v. State, 23 S.W.3d 272 (Tenn. 2000); Sands v. State, 903 S.W.2d 297 (Tenn.1995).
“[B]efore a state may terminate a claim for failure to comply with procedural
requirements such as statutes of limitations, due process requires that a potential litigant
be provided an opportunity for ‘presentation of claims at a meaningful time and in a
meaningful manner.’” Seals, 23 S.W.3d at 277-78 (quoting Burford v. State, 845 S.W.2d
204, 207 (Tenn. 1992)). “[A] post-conviction petitioner is entitled to due process tolling
of the one-year statute of limitations upon a showing (1) that he or she has been pursuing
his or her rights diligently, and (2) that some extraordinary circumstance stood in his or
her way and prevented timely filing.” Bush, 428 S.W.3d at 22 (citing Whitehead v. State,
3
The document is a hand-written letter, dated February 6, 2018, complaining about post-
conviction counsel’s failure to file a notice of appeal. It is not clear why there is a difference of over a
year between when the letter was presumably written and when it was filed in this Court.
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402 S.W.3d 615, 631 (Tenn. 2013)). Thus far, our supreme court has identified only
three instances in which due process requires tolling of the post-conviction statute of
limitations: (1) where the basis for post-conviction relief arises after the statute of
limitations has expired; (2) where a petitioner’s mental incompetence prevented
compliance with the statute of limitations; and (3) where attorney misconduct prevents
compliance with the statute of limitations. Whitehead, 402 S.W.3d at 623-24. “Whether
due process considerations require tolling of a statute of limitations is a mixed question of
law and fact, which we review de novo with no presumption of correctness.” Smith v.
State, 357 S.W.3d 322, 355 (Tenn. 2011) (quoting Harris v. State, 301 S.W.3d 141, 145
(Tenn. 2010)).
In Ward, our supreme court held that “trial courts have an affirmative duty to
ensure that a defendant is informed and aware of the lifetime supervision requirement
prior to accepting a guilty plea.” 315 S.W.3d at 476. The supreme court later clarified
that while Ward established a new constitutional right, its holding was not retroactively
applicable such that the statute of limitations for filing a post-conviction petition should
be tolled under Tennessee Code Annotated section 40-30-102(b)(1). Bush, 428 S.W.3d at
21. However, the court suggested that the statute of limitations might be tolled on due
process grounds when appropriate to permit a claim for post-conviction relief based on
ignorance of the lifetime community supervision requirement. See id. at 21-23.
Petitioner argues on appeal that he was not aware that he was subject to the
community supervision for life requirement until his arrest in 2015 and, thus, he is
entitled to due process tolling of the statute of limitations to bring a later-arising claim.
Petitioner argues that the post-conviction court erred in relying on the community
supervision designation on the judgment form without providing Petitioner the
opportunity to present proof as to whether “he had ever seen or had the actual judgment
form read to him.” However, the judgment form was entered into evidence at the
hearing, and Petitioner cites no legal authority to support his contention that the post-
conviction court was precluded from considering it. Moreover, even if Petitioner never
saw a copy of his judgment form containing the requirement, the prosecutor clearly stated
at the plea hearing that Petitioner would “be subject to the community supervision for life
statute.” At that point, even before the supreme court’s decision in Ward, Petitioner
could have filed a post-conviction petition challenging the knowing and voluntary nature
of his guilty plea. See Larry Keith Huddle v. State, No. E2012-01903-CCA-R3-PC, 2013
WL 3306748, at *4 (Tenn. Crim. App. June 27, 2013) (citing Chad Alan Parker v. State,
No. M2007-02799-CCA-R3-PC, 2008 WL 2938046, at *8 (Tenn. Crim. App. July 31,
2008), no perm. app. filed), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Feb. 12, 2014). Thus, Petitioner’s
claim actually arose at the time he entered his plea, within the statute of limitations.
“[T]his Court has long held that ignorance of the existence of a claim that existed when
the statute of limitations began to run does not warrant due process tolling.” Raymond
Andrew Herbst v. State, No. M2014-01918-CCA-R3-PC, 2015 WL 4575140, at *3
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(Tenn. Crim. App. July 30, 2015) (citing Brown v. State, 928 S.W.2d 453, 455-57 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1996); Passarella v. State, 891 S.W.2d 619, 625-26 (Tenn. Crim. App.
1994)), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Nov. 24, 2015). Because Petitioner’s claim is not later-
arising, he is not entitled to due process tolling of the statute of limitations.
Although Petitioner claims that he “was mentally retarded, had failed a subsequent
mental evaluation and could barely read or write” to explain why he did not have actual
notice of the community supervision for life requirement until his 2015 arrest, he does
not argue that the statute of limitations should be tolled due to his mental incompetence.
See State v. Nix, 40 S.W.3d 459, 462 (Tenn. 2001), abrogated in part by Reid v. State,
396 S.W.3d 478, 512 (Tenn. 2013); Seals, 23 S.W.3d at 279. Moreover, Petitioner did
not present any evidence in the trial court, other than his own testimony, to establish that
he “is suffering from a mental disease, disorder, or defect which may substantially affect
the petitioner’s capacity” to bring his post-conviction claim in a timely manner. Reid,
396 S.W.3d at 513 (quoting Tenn. Sup. Ct. R. 28, § 11(B)(1)); see also Nix, 40 S.W.3d at
464 (“[A]t the hearing[,] the petitioner bears the burden of proving by clear and
convincing evidence that the statute of limitations should be tolled for incompetence[.]”).
Thus, any argument that Petitioner is entitled to due process tolling of the statute of
limitations during the period of his mental incompetence is waived.
Conclusion
Based on the foregoing, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court
dismissing the untimely petition for post-conviction relief.
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TIMOTHY L. EASTER, JUDGE
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