Timothy Parker v. James Mark Parker

01/26/2017
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
January 17, 2017 Session
TIMOTHY PARKER ET AL. V. JAMES MARK PARKER ET AL.
Appeal from the Chancery Court for Bedford County
No. 28633 J.B. Cox, Chancellor
No. M2016-00528-COA-R3-CV
This appeal arises from a will contest. The witnesses to the will failed to sign the body of
the will, but they signed the self-proving affidavit in the presence of the testator. After the
will was admitted to probate in common form, the contestants filed a complaint
challenging the validity of the will. The contestants later filed a motion for summary
judgment, arguing that the decedent did not comply with the execution requirements of
Tenn. Code Ann. § 32-1-104, because the witnesses did not sign the body of the will. The
trial court granted the motion based on In re Estate of Bill Morris, No. M2014-00874-
COA-R3-CV, 2015 WL 557970 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 9, 2015), holding that a will is not
validly executed if the witnesses sign only the self-proving affidavit. The executor
appealed. While this appeal was pending, the General Assembly passed an amendment to
Tenn. Code Ann. § 32-1-104, which states that wills executed prior to July 1, 2006,
satisfy Tennessee’s due execution requirements if the witnesses to the will signed the
self-proving affidavit. In this appeal, both parties ask this Court to determine whether the
newly enacted amendment applies and, if so, whether it comports with Tennessee’s
constitutional prohibition against retrospective laws. But for a few exceptions, we will
not consider issues the parties did not present to the trial court. Because the General
Assembly enacted this amendment while this appeal was pending, the trial court has not
had the opportunity to consider these issues. In order to afford the trial court that
opportunity, we vacate the judgment declaring the will invalid. Further, we remand to the
trial court with instructions to reinstate the petition to admit the will to probate and to
reinstate the amended complaint challenging the will, which will give the parties the
opportunity to present these issues to the trial court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court
Vacated and Remanded
FRANK G. CLEMENT, JR., P.J., M.S., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which ANDY D.
BENNETT and RICHARD H. DINKINS, JJ., joined.
J. Murray Milliken, Shelbyville, Tennessee, for the appellant, James Mark Parker.
Richard L. Dugger, Shelbyville, Tennessee, for the appellees, Timothy Parker and Dolly
P. Robbins.
MEMORANDUM OPINION1
Homer D. Parker (“Decedent”) executed his will on June 3, 1996. The will and the
self-proving affidavit consist of three pages. Decedent signed his will near the bottom of
page two, and then followed his signature with a declaration which reads:
I, Homer D. Parker, do publish and declare this to be my Will, in the
presence of each and all the subscribing witnesses who I have requested to
act as such, by signing the attesting clause and affidavit below, pursuant to
the provisions of TCA § 32-2-111.
Decedent then signed a second time directly below the foregoing declaration near
the top of page three. Immediately thereafter, the standard self-proving affidavit appears,
followed by the signatures of the two attesting witnesses and a notary public.
Additionally, each of the three pages bear Decedent’s initials, “H.D.P.”, both hand-
written and typed at the bottom left of the page.
Decedent died on November 21, 2010. His son, James Mark Parker, whom
Decedent nominated as the executor (“Executor”), petitioned the Chancery Court for
Bedford County, Tennessee, to admit the will to probate in common form. The court
issued letters testamentary to Executor that same day.
On May 25, 2011, Decedent’s other two children, Dolly P. Robbins and Timothy
Parker (“Contestants”), filed a petition to contest the will.2
While this case was pending in the trial court, the Tennessee Court of Appeals
filed In re Estate of Bill Morris, No. M2014-00874-COA-R3-CV, 2015 WL 557970
(Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 9, 2015). The facts of that case parallel the facts of this case in that
1
Tenn. Ct. App. R. 10 states:
This Court, with the concurrence of all judges participating in the case, may affirm,
reverse or modify the actions of the trial court by memorandum opinion when a formal
opinion would have no precedential value. When a case is decided by memorandum
opinion it shall be designated “MEMORANDUM OPINION,” shall not be published, and
shall not be cited or relied on for any reason in any unrelated case.
2
Additional claims were asserted but they are not part of this appeal.
-2-
the witnesses to the Morris will signed the self-proving affidavit but did not sign the body
of the will. Id. at *2. Because the witnesses did not sign the body of the will, the Morris
court found the will invalid for failing to comply with the requirements of Tenn. Code
Ann. § 32-1-104. Id. at *4.
On October 7, 2015, Contestants filed a motion to amend their complaint citing
the Morris decision. Like the will in Morris, the witnesses to Decedent’s will only signed
the self-proving affidavit. Contestants asserted that the court should invalidate
Decedent’s will due to a flaw in its execution. The trial court granted Contestants’ motion
to amend the complaint. Contestants then filed a motion for summary judgment on
November 6, 2015, which the trial court granted. The chancellor based his decision on
Morris, declaring the will invalid for failure in its execution. Consequently, the trial court
determined that Decedent died intestate as a matter of law. Executor filed a timely notice
of appeal on March 9, 2016.
On April 16, 2016, Governor Haslam signed Public Chapter No. 843, an
amendment to Tenn. Code Ann. § 32-1-104. Pursuant to the amendment, wills executed
prior to July 1, 2016 are validly executed if the witnesses sign an affidavit in compliance
with Tenn. Code Ann. § 32-2-110, provided that: (1) the witnesses sign
contemporaneously with the testator; and (2) the affidavit contains language meeting all
of the requirements of Tenn. Code Ann. § 32-1-104 (a). The statute reads as follows:
SECTION I. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section § 32-1-104, is amended
by designating the existing language as subsection (a) and adding the
following as a new subsection (b):
(b) For wills executed prior to July 1, 2016, to the extent necessary for the
will to be validly executed, witness signatures affixed to an affidavit
meeting the requirements of § 32-2-110 shall be considered signatures to
the will, provided that:
(1) The signatures are made at the same time as the testator signs the will
and are made in accordance with subsection (a); and
(2) The affidavit contains language meeting all the requirements of
subsection (a). If the witnesses signed the affidavit on the same day that
the testator signed the will, it shall be presumed that the witnesses and
the testator signed at the same time, unless rebutted by clear and
convincing evidence. If, pursuant to this subsection (b), witness
signatures on the affidavit are treated as signatures on the will, the
affidavit shall not also serve as a self-proving affidavit under § 32-2-
110. Nothing in this subsection shall affect, eliminate, or relax the
requirement in subsection (a) that the testator sign the will.
-3-
The General Assembly enacted this amendment while this appeal was pending;
therefore, the trial court did not have the opportunity to consider the amendment or its
application to this case.
ANALYSIS
The parties ask this Court to determine whether the newly enacted amendment
applies to this case and, if so, whether the retrospective application of the amendment
comports with Article 1, Section 20 of the Tennessee Constitution. The section provides,
“That no retrospective law, or law impairing the obligations of contracts, shall be made.”3
Because the General Assembly enacted the amendment during the pendency of
this appeal, the parties did not raise these issues in the trial court. Generally, when the
parties do not raise an issue in the trial court, they cannot raise it for the first time on
appeal. See Simpson v. Frontier Cmty. Credit Union, 810 S.W.2d 147, 153 (Tenn. 1991).
Thus, we will not consider these issues. Nevertheless, due to the unique circumstances of
this case, specifically that the amendment was enacted while this appeal was pending, we
have decided to remand this matter to afford the trial court the opportunity to address
these and other relevant issues.
IN CONCLUSION
Therefore, we vacate the judgment declaring the will invalid and remand with
instructions for the trial court to reinstate both the petition to admit the will to probate and
the amended complaint challenging the validity of the will to afford the parties the
opportunity to amend their respective pleadings to present these issues and other relevant
issues to the trial court. Costs of this appeal are assessed equally against the Appellant
and the Appellees.
________________________________
FRANK G. CLEMENT, JR., P.J., M.S.
3
The parties did not expressly identify the issue of the constitutionality of the amendment in their
briefs as required by Tenn. R. App. P. 27 (a)(4), but argued that issue at length.
-4-