Sellers v. Anderson

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
MIDDLE SECTION AT NASHVILLE
FILED
WILLIAM SELLERS, ) October 22, 1997
)
Plaintiff/Appellee, ) Cecil W. Crowson
Appellate Court Clerk
)
) Davidson Circuit Nos.
VS. ) 96C-3082 and 96C-3085
)
) Appeal No.
MICHAEL ANDERSON, ) 01A01-9703-CV-00114
)
Defendant/Appellant. )
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR DAVIDSON COUNTY
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE
THE HONORABLE WALTER C. KURTZ, JUDGE
For the Plaintiff/Appellee: For the Defendant/Appellant:
Philip D. Irwin Robert E. Hoehn
Neal & Harwell Rabin P. Nimmo
Nashville, Tennessee Nimmo, Hoehn, Kirt & Partin
Nashville, Tennessee
VACATED AND REMANDED
WILLIAM C. KOCH, JR., JUDGE
OPINION
This appeal involves the dismissal of a de novo appeal from general sessions
court for failure to comply with a local rule requiring that these appeals be set for trial
within forty-five days. After the Circuit Court for Davidson County dismissed his
appeal, the appellant filed a Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02(1) motion seeking relief from the
judgment. The trial court denied the motion, and the appellant has appealed to this
court. We have determined that the appellant demonstrated grounds for relief under
Tenn. R. App. P. 60.02(1) and accordingly vacate the order denying the appellant’s
motion for post-judgment relief.
I.
William Sellers sued Michael Anderson in the Davidson County General
Sessions Court seeking to recover for damages to his real property. Mr. Anderson,
in turn, filed a similar general sessions action against Mr. Sellers. Following a
hearing on August 8, 1996, the general sessions court awarded Mr. Sellers $1,069 and
dismissed Mr. Anderson’s warrant. Mr. Anderson filed an appeal bond in both cases
on August 16, 1996. He paid the clerk’s fee on August 21, 1996, and the general
sessions records in both cases were filed in the Circuit Court for Davidson County on
August 22, 1996.
Shortly after the cases were appealed to the circuit court, the lawyer
representing Mr. Anderson telephoned the lawyer representing Mr. Sellers in an effort
to reach agreement on a date for the circuit court trial. On September 23, 1996, after
the telephone call proved fruitless, the lawyer representing Mr. Anderson mailed a
letter
to the lawyer representing Mr. Sellers proposing six possible trial dates in March and
April 1997. He also obtained other trial dates in February and March 1997 from the
docket clerk and communicated these to the lawyer representing Mr. Sellers. These
efforts to set the case for trial also proved fruitless, and on October 11, 1996, Mr.
Anderson’s lawyer filed a motion to set the case for trial. Before this motion could
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be heard, the trial court entered an order on October 18, 1996 dismissing Mr.
Anderson’s appeals in both cases for failure to comply with Rule 19(b).
On October 31, 1996, Mr. Anderson filed a motion to set aside the October 18,
1996 order of dismissal and supported the motion with an affidavit recounting his
efforts to obtain a trial date by agreement with Mr. Sellers’s lawyer. The record
contains no response to this motion. On December 2, 1996, the trial court filed an
order denying Mr. Anderson’s motion, directing that his appeals from general
sessions court be dismissed, and adopting the general sessions court’s judgments as
its own.
II.
This appeal is not a frontal assault on the validity of Rule 19.1 Rather, Mr.
Anderson asserts that the trial court’s interpretation of Rule 19 is inconsistent with
the rules and policies promoting ethical and good faith dealings between opposing
counsel and that the trial court erred by refusing to grant him equitable relief from the
order dismissing his case before a hearing on the merits in circuit court. While the
trial court correctly interpreted Rule 19, we have determined that Mr. Anderson made
out a basis for receiving relief from the dismissal of his case under Tenn. R. Civ. P.
60.02(1).
Rule 19 manifests the commitment of the trial courts in Davidson County to the
principle that there should be a just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every
case. See Tenn. R. Civ. P. 1. While Rule 19 may not be entirely clear,2 it is intended
to assure that appeals from general sessions courts are tried with dispatch.
1
A panel of this court has upheld an earlier version of Rule 19 requiring that cases appealed
from general sessions court either be set for trial or that a motion to set be filed within thirty days
of the appeal being filed in the circuit court. See Bendele v. Powell, Davidson Cir. (Tenn. Ct. App.
Feb. 9, 1984), perm. app. denied (Tenn. June 11, 1984).
2
Mr. Anderson has not taken issue with the clarity of Rule 19, and thus we will not consider
this issue now. However, we note that it is not clear whether the forty-five day period in Rule 19(b)
commences when the appeal bond is filed or when the general sessions record is actually filed in the
circuit court. It is likewise unclear whether Rule 19 requires that the trial date must occur within
forty-five days or whether the trial date must only be determined within forty-five days. Under the
facts of this case, Mr. Anderson did not comply with Rule 19 no matter how it is interpreted.
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Accordingly, the rule simultaneously advances docket control policies as well as
policies favoring the prompt disposition of cases.
Mr. Anderson did not comply with Rule 19 and does not insist on this appeal
that he did. He failed to obtain a trial date within forty-five days after perfecting his
appeal from general sessions court. Thus, the trial court was acting within its
discretion when it entered its October 18, 1996 order dismissing Mr. Anderson’s case
for failure to comply with Rule 19(b).
The issue of whether Mr. Anderson presented adequate grounds for relief from
the trial court’s October 18, 1996 order is another question whose answer does not
depend on the “correctness” of the October 18, 1996 order, but rather on the
application of the factors that animate Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02(1). The rule is intended
to provide relief from a party’s excusable negligence or oversight, see Tennessee
State Bank v. Lay, 609 S.W.2d 525, 527 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1980), while at the same
time to strike an appropriate balance between the competing principles of finality and
justice. See Fielder v. Lakesite Enters., Inc., 871 S.W.2d 157, 159 (Tenn. Ct. App.
1993).
Persons seeking relief under Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02(1) must explain why they
were justified in failing to avoid the mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or neglect. See
Travis v. City of Murfreesboro, 686 S.W.2d 68, 69 (Tenn. 1985); Bivins v. Hospital
Corp. of Am., 910 S.W.2d 441, 446 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1995). Based on the proof
offered by the moving party to support its claim, the trial court may exercise its
discretion to relieve the party from the effects of the judgment. See Underwood v.
Zurich Ins. Co., 854 S.W.2d 94, 96-97 (Tenn. 1993); Day v. Day, 931 S.W.2d 936,
939 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996).
The dismissal of a case for failure to comply with Rule 19 is analogous to
granting a default judgment. Default judgments are not favored, and thus Tenn. R.
Civ. P. 55.02 permits trial courts to set aside default judgments in accordance with
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 60.02(1). See Keck v. Nationwide Sys., Inc., 499 S.W.2d 266, 267
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(Tenn. Ct. App. 1973). When asked to set aside a default judgment, courts should
construe the rules liberally and should set the default aside whenever there is a
reasonable doubt about the justness of dismissing the case before it can be heard on
the merits. See Tennessee Dep’t of Human Servs. v. Barbee, 689 S.W.2d 863, 866-67
(Tenn. 1985). They should focus principally on whether the default was willful,
whether the nondefaulting party’s ability to present their claim will be prejudiced, and
whether the defaulting party has a colorable defense to the claim. See In re Estate of
Mayes, 843 S.W.2d 418, 425-26 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1992); Nelson v. Simpson, 826
S.W.2d 483, 485 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1991).
The circumstances in this case favor granting Mr. Anderson relief from the
October 18, 1996 order. He did not cause his lawyer to fail to comply with Rule 19.
In fact, his lawyer made good faith efforts to comply with Rule 19 by requesting his
adversary to agree to a mutually convenient trial date. Mr. Anderson’s lawyer
commenced his efforts in a timely manner and would have been able to comply with
Rule 19 had it not been for his adversary’s unwarranted refusal to agree to a trial date.
The record does not disclose why Mr. Sellers’s lawyer declined to set the case
by agreement. In his brief and during oral argument, he explained that he declined
to agree to a trial date because he believed that Mr. Anderson had not appealed the
case in a timely manner. Setting a case by agreement does not amount to a waiver of
meritorious claims or defenses. At the same time, it saves the parties and the trial
court the time and expense associated with a contested motion to set. Thus, the
proper course would have been for Mr. Sellers’s lawyer to agree to a trial date and
then to file an appropriate motion or pleading asserting all his available claims and
defenses.3
Mr. Sellers has presented no colorable claim that he will be prejudiced by being
required to litigate this boundary line suit now as opposed to last year. Mr.
Anderson’s lawyer’s failure to comply with Rule 19 was brought about by adversary
3
In light of Rule 19's strict requirements, a failure to respond in a timely, definitive manner
to opposing counsel’s informal requests to set the case by agreement could be construed as an effort
to manufacture an additional defense rather than to simply preserve an existing one.
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counsel’s unwarranted refusal to set the case by agreement. Accordingly, we have
determined that the trial court should have granted Mr. Anderson’s Tenn. R. Civ. P.
60.02(1) motion for relief from the October 18, 1996 order.
III.
We vacate the order denying Mr. Anderson relief from the October 18, 1996
order dismissing his appeal for failure to comply with Rule 19 and remand the case
to the trial court with directions to restore this case to the court’s active docket. We
also tax the costs of this appeal in equal proportions to Michael Anderson and his
surety and to William Sellers for which execution, if necessary, may issue.
_____________________________
WILLIAM C. KOCH, JR., JUDGE
CONCUR:
__________________________________
HENRY F. TODD, PRESIDING JUDGE
MIDDLE SECTION
__________________________________
BEN H. CANTRELL, JUDGE
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