Martin William Huffman v. Angela Shayne Huffman

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs March 4, 2013
MARTIN WILLIAM HUFFMAN v. ANGELA SHAYNE HUFFMAN
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Davidson County
No. 02D1467 Carol Soloman, Judge
No. M2012-01538-COA-R3-CV - Filed May 1, 2013
This is the second appeal of a post-divorce decision concerning child support. In the first
appeal, we determined that the trial court erred in failing to make the required findings to
justify an upward deviation in child support, thus we vacated the award of child support and
remanded for a determination of the appropriate amount. Following the hearing on remand,
the trial court set the appropriate amount of child support and determined that Father had
overpaid child support. The court did not award Father a judgment or credit in the amount
of his overpayment, and Father appeals. We conclude that the trial court abused its discretion
in failing to award Father a credit or judgment in the amount of his overpayment.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Reversed and
Remanded
A NDY D. B ENNETT, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which P ATRICIA J. C OTTRELL,
M.S., P.J., and R ICHARD H. D INKINS, J., joined.
Jacob Thomas Thorington, Franklin, Tennessee, for the appellant, Martin William Huffman.
No appellee brief filed.
OPINION
F ACTUAL AND P ROCEDURAL H ISTORY
Martin William Huffman (“Father”) and Angela Shayne Huffman (“Mother”) were
divorced in December 2002; they are the parents of three children. In September 2006,
Father filed a petition requesting the trial court to, inter alia, recalculate his child support
obligation. The trial court ordered an upward deviation from the child support guidelines,
and Father appealed. On appeal, we vacated the trial court’s award of child support because
the trial court failed to support its deviation from the child support guidelines with specific
findings and did not give specific reasons why application of the guidelines would be unjust
or inappropriate. Huffman v. Huffman, No. M2008-02845-COA-R3-CV, 2009 WL 4113705,
at *9 (Tenn. Ct. App. Nov. 24, 2009). We remanded the case for further consideration of
the appropriate amount of child support in accordance with the guidelines. Id. at *10.
Following remand, a hearing was held before a special master regarding the parties’
income and the presumptive child support. The special master filed a report on November
4, 2010 making detailed findings of fact relative to the parties’ income. On January 24,
2011, the trial court held a hearing to determine whether any deviation from the presumptive
amount of child support was warranted. By order entered January 27, 2011, the court
temporarily reduced Father’s child support obligation1 from $1,338 to $1,000 due to the
emancipation of the parties’ eldest child and granted Mother’s request to continue the matter
so that she could hire an attorney.
After several continuances, the court held a final hearing on June 6 and September 12,
2011. By order entered June 15, 2012, the court set the parties’ incomes2 and determined the
presumptive amount of child support for each year. The court attached individual worksheets
detailing the amount of Father’s child support obligation from 2006 to the present as follows:
• 2006: $750 (including an upward deviation “due to the drastic nature of the
modification”)
• 2007: $847
• 2008: $750 (including an upward deviation “due to the drastic nature of the
modification”)
• 2009: $750 (including an upward deviation “due to the drastic nature of the
modification”)
• January - May 2010: $750 (including an upward deviation “due to the
1
From 2006 until January 2011, Father paid $1,338 per month in child support (excluding
July)—the amount set in the original divorce decree.
2
The court determined the parties’ annual incomes to be as follows:
Father Mother
2006: $37,589 $33,637
2007: $37,589 $8,930
2008: $25,528.90 $29,300
2009: $23,107.50 $29,300
2010: $25,000 $19,380
2011: $25,000 $42,000
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drastic nature of the modification”)
• June - December 2010: $301
• 2011 - Present: $59
The court further stated:
Father has been paying child support as ordered in the Final Decree, with a
pendente lite reduction made by this Court in an order dated January 27, 2011.
Father’s original Petition for Modification was filed on September 27, 2006,
so any modification goes back to October of 2006, and the calculation of
Father’s overpayment will also go back to that date. Father paid $1338 from
October 2006 - January 2011, excluding July for each year. In February 2011,
he began paying $1000 per month, again excluding July 2011. Therefore,
Father paid a total child support amount of $79,224, including child support
paid through May of 2012. Using the worksheets, Father should have paid
$35,259.00. This means Father has overpaid child support in the amount of
$43,965. When you give Mother the credit of $4,950.00,[3 ] that overpayment
is lowered to $39,015.
It is, however, not economically viable to order Mother to repay this overage
to Father. Father shall, therefore, not be granted a judgment in the amount of
the overpayment. This Court cannot determine the information used by the
prior trial court in making its child support determination, nor can this Court
determine why the prior trial court’s order seems to have inadvertently left out
information that would have satisfied the Court of Appeals. This Court also
acknowledges that this unfairly harms Father, in that he cannot collect on his
overpayments. However, Mother also suffers harm, as her child support is
drastically lowered. Neither party is to blame for the overpayment of child
support, it is simply a function of the judicial process.
Father appeals, arguing that the trial court erred in failing to give him a credit or judgment
in the amount of his overpayment.
3
The court explained this credit to Mother as follows:
[T]hough the child support for the years 2008, 2009, and January to May of 2010 is $750
per month as stated in the worksheet, the Court intends to set support for that period at $600
per month, and will consider the additional $150 of that support as payment by the Mother
towards Father’s overpayment. That credit amounts to $4950.
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S TANDARD OF R EVIEW
The initial determination and later modification of a child support order is governed
by Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-101; however, trial courts retain a certain amount of discretion
in their decisions regarding child support. Richardson v. Spanos, 189 S.W.3d 720, 725
(Tenn. Ct. App. 2005). The discretion afforded the trial court “is bounded on all sides by the
child support guidelines.”4 Smith v. Darmohray, No. M2003-00236-COA-R3-JV, 2004 WL
904095, at *4 (Tenn. Ct. App. Apr. 27, 2004) (citing Butler v. Butler, 680 S.W.2d 467 (Tenn.
Ct. App. 1984)). A trial court abuses its discretion when it has applied an incorrect legal
standard or has reached a decision which is against logic or reasoning that caused an injustice
to the party complaining. Eldridge v. Eldridge, 42 S.W.3d 82, 85 (Tenn. 2001).
When considering a trial court’s factual findings, we review the record de novo with
a presumption that the court’s findings are correct, absent a showing that the evidence
preponderates to the contrary. Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d); see Berryhill v. Rhodes, 21 S.W.3d
188, 190 (Tenn. 2000).
A NALYSIS
The issue before us is whether the trial court erred in failing to award Father a credit
or judgment for the amount of child support he overpaid. Father filed his initial petition to
modify child support in September 2006. From September 2006 until January 2011, Father
paid child support in the amount of $1,338 per month (excluding July) as was ordered in the
final decree of divorce. The trial court determined that from the time the 2006 petition was
filed, until the date of the final hearing, Father overpaid child support in the amount of
$39,015.5 However, the court held it was “not economically viable” to order a judgment for
Father in the amount of the overpayment or to credit Father any portion of this overpayment
in the future as the overpayment was “simply a function of the judicial process.”
Father cites several cases to support his argument that the trial court erred in failing
to award a judgment for the amount of his overpayment. See Guthrie v. Guthrie, No.
W2012-00056-COA-R3-CV, 2012 WL 5200079, at *4-5 (Tenn. Ct. App. Oct. 23, 2012)
(affirming an award of a judgment to Father for overpayment of child support in the amount
of $6,445.82); Stockman v. Stockman, No. M2009-00552-COA-R3-CV, 2010 WL 623724,
at *11 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 22, 2010) (remanding the case for the trial court to recalculate
4
Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1240-02-04-.04.
5
Father asserts that the trial court miscalculated the amount of his overpayment. We address this
contention later in the opinion.
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child support and award Father credit for any overpayments); Kopp v. Kopp, No. M2008-
01146-COA-R3-CV, 2009 WL 2951172, at *4 (Tenn. Ct. App. Sept. 14, 2009) (awarding
Father a monthly credit for his overpayment of child support until the amount overpaid is
credited in full). We are not aware of any authority that allows the trial court to exercise its
discretion to forgive one party from reimbursing another for an overpayment of child
support.6 The trial court’s failure to award Father a credit or judgment in the amount of his
overpayment resulted in an “injustice” to Father. See Eldridge, 42 S.W.3d at 85. Based on
our review of the record, we conclude that under the circumstances presented here, the trial
court abused its discretion in failing to award Father a judgment for the amount he overpaid
child support over the six years this case was pending.7 Thus, we reverse the trial court’s
order to the extent it held Father was not entitled to a judgment, and we remand the case for
the trial court to fashion an appropriate repayment schedule for Mother to reimburse Father.
Finally, we address Father’s contention that the trial court miscalculated the amount
of his overpayment. Specifically, Father argues the trial court erred: (1) in calculating the
amount of child support he owed from October 2006 to May 2012 and (2) in giving Mother
a “credit” which reduced his overpayment by $4,950. We have reviewed the record and find
that the trial court made mathematical errors in calculating: (1) the amount of child support
Father owed and (2) the value of the credit. However, we find that the court did not abuse
its discretion in awarding a credit for 2008, 2009, and five months in 2010. The amount of
child support owed by Father, which we calculated by adding the amounts ordered per year
by the trial court,8 is $34,567. The amount of the credit is $4,050. The amount Father
actually paid in child support was correctly calculated by the trial court at $79,224. Thus, the
amount of Father’s overpayment is $40,607 ($79,224 - $34,567 - $4,050 = $40,607).
C ONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the trial court’s order holding that Father
was not entitled to a judgment for the amount of his overpayment of child support. On
6
Although not directly on point, Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-101(g)(5)(D)(iv), which governs
modifications in Title IV-D child support cases, states, in relevant part:
If the modified payment amount is lower than the payment amount required prior to the
modification, then the obligor shall be given credit for such amount against future payments
of support for the remaining children under the order.
7
We recognize that this is the second appeal in this case, but six years is a long time for a child
support case to be pending.
8
Consistent with the prior court order, we did not include payments for the month of July.
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remand, the judgment amount is set at $40,607 consistent with this Opinion. Costs of this
appeal are assessed against Mother, for which execution may issue, if necessary.
______________________________
ANDY D. BENNETT, JUDGE
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