Iain Hiscock v. Sue E. Hiscock

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
August 15, 2006 Session
IAIN HISCOCK v. SUE E. HISCOCK
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Franklin County
No. 13365-CV Buddy D. Perry, Judge
No. M2005-01489-COA-R3-CV - Filed on October 19, 2006
Husband appeals the type and amount of alimony awarded to Wife after the termination of a twenty-
seven year marriage. The decision of the trial court is affirmed as modified.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed in Part,
Modified in Part
WILLIAM B. CAIN , J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which WILLIAM C. KOCH , JR., P.J., M.S.,
and PATRICIA J. COTTRELL, J., joined.
H. Wayne Grant, Steven W. Grant, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellant, Iain R. Hiscock.
Clinton H. Swafford, Winchester, Tennessee, for the appellee, Sue E. Hiscock.
OPINION
This appeal concerns the type and amount of alimony awarded to Wife after the termination
of a twenty-seven year marriage. Mr. Iain Hiscock and Ms. Sue Hiscock were married on September
10, 1977, in Surrey County, England. The parties moved to Franklin County, Tennessee, in October
1977, in order for Mr. Hiscock to pursue an employment opportunity at Commercial Nursery
Company, Inc. (“Commercial Nursery”). On August 19, 2002, after twenty-seven years of marriage,
Mr. Hiscock filed a complaint for divorce alleging irreconcilable differences and inappropriate
marital conduct. However, prior to the court rendering its opinion, the parties stipulated as to the
grounds of divorce and reached an agreement as to the division of marital assets and liabilities, while
leaving the issues of child support, alimony, and attorney’s fees for the court’s determination. The
sole issue challenged by Mr. Hiscock on appeal concerns whether the trial court erred in awarding
Ms. Hiscock alimony in futuro in the amount of $5,000.00 per month.
Mr. Hiscock is the co-owner of Cherokee Dogwood Corporation and the sole owner of
Commercial Nursery, a corporation with an appraised value of $2,871,607.00. While Ms. Hiscock
has a college degree in hotel and catering, she has primarily served as the primary caregiver to the
parties’ four sons, only one of which remains a minor. In addition to her role as homemaker, Ms.
Hiscock has maintained part-time employment as a swimming instructor, earning an annual income
of $12,600.00. However, prior to the birth of the parties’ first child, Ms. Hiscock was employed as
the secretary to the Vice Chancellor of The University of the South. Although healthy, Ms. Hiscock
was forty-nine years old at the time of divorce. Due to the success of Commercial Nursery, the
parties’ net worth is estimated in excess of $3,000,000.00.
We review this non-jury case de novo upon the record with a presumption of correctness
afforded to the trial court’s factual findings unless the evidence preponderates otherwise. Mitts v.
Mitts, 39 S.W.3d 142, 144 (Tenn.Ct.App.2000). “The trial court’s conclusions of law are not
accorded the same deference.” Mitts, 39 S.W.3d at 144.
Mr. Hiscock first alleges that the trial court erred in the amount of alimony awarded to Ms.
Hiscock since Ms. Hiscock received a sizeable portion of the marital estate which included income
producing assets. Mr. Hiscock also claims that the trial court overestimated his ability to pay. The
trial court exercises substantial discretion in determining whether to award spousal support as well
as the amount and duration of the support if it is warranted. Bratton v. Bratton, 136 S.W.3d 595,
605 (Tenn.2004). In determining whether to make an award of alimony, the type of alimony, and
the amount thereof, the trial court must consider the factors set forth in Tennessee Code Annotated
section 36-5-121(I):
(1) The relative earning capacity, obligations, needs, and financial resources of each
party, including income from pension, profit sharing or retirement plans and all other
sources;
(2) The relative education and training of each party, the ability and opportunity of
each party to secure such education and training, and the necessity of a party to
secure further education and training to improve such party's earning capacity to a
reasonable level;
(3) The duration of the marriage;
(4) The age and mental condition of each party;
(5) The physical condition of each party, including, but not limited to, physical
disability or incapacity due to a chronic debilitating disease;
(6) The extent to which it would be undesirable for a party to seek employment
outside the home because such party will be custodian of a minor child of the
marriage;
(7) The separate assets of each party, both real and personal, tangible and intangible;
(8) The provisions made with regard to the marital property as defined in § 36-4-121;
(9) The standard of living of the parties established during the marriage;
(10) The extent to which each party has made such tangible and intangible
contributions to the marriage as monetary and homemaker contributions, and tangible
and intangible contributions by a party to the education, training or increased earning
power of the other party;
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(11) The relative fault of the parties in cases where the court, in its discretion, deems
it appropriate to do so; and
(12) Such other factors, including the tax consequences to each party, as are
necessary to consider the equities between the parties.
Tenn.Code Ann. § 36-5-121(I).
As the trial court duly noted, many of the factors listed in Tennessee Code Annotated section
36-5-121(I) weigh in favor of Ms. Hiscock, including her limited history of employment, the long
duration of the marriage, Ms. Hiscock’s age, the affluent lifestyle experienced by the parties during
the marriage, Ms. Hiscock’s intangible contributions to the marriage as homemaker and primary
caregiver of the parties’ children, and Mr. Hiscock’s infidelity which led to the deterioration of the
marriage. However, it is well established that the two factors which are considered most relevant
in deciding the amount of alimony awarded in a proceeding are the economically disadvantaged
spouse’s need and the obligor spouse’s ability to pay. Robertson v. Robertson, 76 S.W.3d 337, 342
(Tenn.2002).
When determining how much the economically disadvantaged spouse needs in order to
maintain the same or similar standard of living as enjoyed during the marriage, the court should
consider the equitable distribution of the marital assets. See Tenn.Code Ann. § 36-5-121(i)(1);
Evans v. Evans, No. W2001-03037-COA-R3-CV, 2003 WL 135053, at *5 (Tenn.Ct.App. Jan. 14,
2003). In this case, the division of the marital estate was favorable to Ms. Hiscock. According to
the final decree of divorce, Ms. Hiscock received $250,000.00 in cash, a $400,000.00 promissory
note bearing interest at the rate of 6% per annum, the entirety of Mr. Hiscock’s individual retirement
accounts which had an estimated value of $131,500.00, and the marital home which is not subject
to any mortgage or liens and is valued at $230,000.
In addition, “the separate assets of each party, both real and personal, tangible and intangible”
are relevant when calculating alimony. Tenn.Code Ann. § 36-5-121(i)(7). Prior to the divorce, Ms.
Hiscock’s father gave her a home referred to as the Brightwater estate valued at $220,800, which is
used by Ms. Hiscock as a rental property. According to the 2003 tax returns, the estate produces a
yearly income of $9,600.00. Ms. Hiscock was also shown to earn $12,600.00 a year as a swimming
instructor, working only a couple hours a day. Although there was no proof in the record of the
average yearly salary of a college graduate, we believe that Ms. Hiscock has the ability to earn
significantly more with her education despite her lack of professional experience.
Mr. Hiscock further argues that he is unable to pay the court awarded monthly alimony due
to the financial obligations created by his acquisition of Commercial Nursery and the interest bearing
note owed to Ms. Hiscock as a result of the division of the marital estate. We find this argument less
persuasive. Often times we encounter obligor spouses who own a business and assert that they are
unable to pay the court awarded alimony, pointing to their prior tax returns for support. We are
mindful that in these instances, it is usually the obligor spouse who determines his or her salary.
Since this factual determination clearly lies within the discretion of the trial court and the evidence
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does not preponderate against the court’s finding that Mr. Hiscock has the ability to pay, we do not
find this argument persuasive. However, based upon the substantial assets awarded to Ms. Hiscock
in the division of the marital estate as well as our belief that Ms. Hiscock has the ability to earn more
than $12,600.00 a year because of her college education and the rental income produced by the
Brightwater estate, we reduce the trial court’s monthly alimony award to $3,000.00.
Mr. Hiscock also claims that trial court erred in awarding Ms. Hiscock alimony in futuro
since he believes that Ms. Hiscock has the ability to be rehabilitated.
The legislature has demonstrated a preference for an award of rehabilitative
alimony to rehabilitate an economically disadvantaged spouse. See Crabtree v.
Crabtree, 16 S.W.3d 356, 358 (Tenn.2000). However, trial courts should not refrain
from awarding long-term support when appropriate under the enumerated statutory
factors. Robertson, 76 S.W.3d at 341-42. “The statutory preference for rehabilitative
support does not entirely displace other forms of spousal support when the facts
warrant long term or more open-ended support.” Anderton v. Anderton, 988 S.W.2d
675, 682 (Tenn.Ct.App.1998).
Bratton, 136 S.W.3d at 605.
“To be rehabilitated means to achieve, with reasonable effort, an earning capacity that will
permit the economically disadvantaged spouse’s standard of living after the divorce to be reasonably
comparable to the standard of living enjoyed during the marriage.” Tenn.Code Ann. § 36-5-
121(d)(2). It is undisputed that Ms. Hiscock has no practical professional experience other than her
work as an administrative assistant and as a swimming instructor. Although we believe that Ms.
Hiscock’s degree in hotel and catering will allow her to earn more than she presently makes as a
swimming instructor, it is doubtful that at her age Ms. Hiscock will be able to obtain employment
with an earning capacity which provides her with the affluent standard of living enjoyed by the
parties during the marriage. We therefore agree with the trial court that permanent alimony is
appropriate in this case in order to supplement that which Ms. Hiscock is able to earn herself.
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed as modified. The costs of appeal are assessed
equally between the parties.
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WILLIAM B. CAIN, JUDGE
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