Emil Coffey, Jr. v. State

In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-16-00180-CR
EMIL COFFEY, JR., Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 403rd District Court
Travis County, Texas
Trial Court No. D-1-DC-15-203099
Before Morriss, C.J., Moseley and Burgess, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Burgess
MEMORANDUM OPINION
After Emil Coffey, Jr., shot and killed his brother-in-law, Warren Neal, and beat Warren’s
wife, Vanessa, a Travis County1 jury found Coffey guilty of Warren’s murder2 and of the
aggravated assault3 of Vanessa. The jury assessed punishment of thirty years’ imprisonment on
the murder conviction and twenty years’ imprisonment on the aggravated assault conviction. In
this appeal, Coffey challenges his murder conviction4 and contends that the trial court erred (1) in
not including a jury instruction on self-defense in its jury charge on guilt/innocence and (2) in not
including a jury instruction on sudden passion in its jury charge on punishment. Since we find no
error, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
I. Standard of Review
Appellate review of an alleged jury charge error involves a two-step inquiry. Newkirk v.
State, 506 S.W.3d 188, 190 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2016, no pet.); Russell v. State, No. 03-12-
00440-CR, 2014 WL 1572473, at *3 (Tex. App.—Austin Apr. 18, 2014, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not
designated for publication).5 “Initially, we determine whether error occurred and then evaluate
1
Originally appealed to the Third Court of Appeals in Austin, this case was transferred to this Court by the Texas
Supreme Court pursuant to its docket equalization efforts. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 73.001 (West 2013). We
follow the precedent of the Third Court of Appeals in deciding this case. See TEX. R. APP. P. 41.3.
2
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 19.02(b)(2) (West 2011).
3
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.02(a)(2) (West 2011).
4
Coffey’s conviction for aggravated assault was the subject of a separate appeal. We issued our opinion in that case
on June 7, 2017. See Coffey v. State, No. 06-16-00181-CR, 2017 WL 2457426 (Tex. App.—Texarkana June 7, 2017,
no pet. h.) (mem. op., not designated for publication).
5
Although unpublished cases have no precedential value, we may take guidance from them “as an aid in developing
reasoning that may be employed.” Carrillo v. State, 98 S.W.3d 789, 794 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2003, pet. ref’d).
2
whether sufficient harm resulted from the error to require reversal.” Newkirk, 506 S.W.3d at 191
(quoting Wilson v. State, 391 S.W.3d 131, 138 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2012, no pet.) (citing
Abdnor v. State, 871 S.W.2d 726, 731–32 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994)); see also Russell, 2014
WL 1572473, at *3.
The trial court is “ultimately responsible for the accuracy of the jury charge and
accompanying instructions.” Vega v. State, 394 S.W.3d 514, 518 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013) (quoting
Delgado v. State, 235 S.W.3d 244, 249 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007)). The Code of Criminal Procedure
requires the trial court to give the jury “a written charge distinctly setting forth the law applicable
to the case.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 36.14 (West 2007); Vega, 394 S.W.3d at 519.
Even when there is no objection to inclusions and exclusions from the charge, the trial court must
instruct the jury on the law applicable to the case. Vega, 394 S.W.3d at 519; Taylor v. State, 332
S.W.3d 483, 487 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011). However, because an unrequested defensive issue is
not the law applicable to the case, the trial court has no duty to sua sponte instruct the jury on
unrequested defensive issues. Vega, 394 S.W.3d at 519; Posey v. State, 966 S.W.2d 57, 62 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1998). On appeal, “[a] defendant cannot complain . . . about the trial judge’s failure
to include a defensive instruction that he did not preserve by request or objection: he has
procedurally defaulted any such complaint.” Vega, 394 S.W.3d at 519 (citing Posey, 966 S.W.2d
at 61).
A defendant may preserve error if his “requested charge is specific enough to put the trial
court on notice of the omission or error in the charge.” Allen v. State, No. 03-15-00420-CR, 2017
WL 1832456, at *1 (Tex. App.—Austin May 2, 2017, pet. filed) (mem. op., not designated for
3
publication) (quoting Jackson v. State, 288 S.W.3d 60, 63 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009,
pet. ref’d)). However, although “‘magic words’ are not required,” the record must reflect that the
trial court understood the request to encompass the matters complained about on appeal. Bennett
v. State, 235 S.W.3d 241, 243 n.9 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) (citing TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a)(1)(A)).
II. There Was No Duty to Instruct the Jury on the Unrequested Defensive Issues
A. Self-Defense
In his first point of error, Coffey contends that the trial court erred in failing to give an
instruction on self-defense after he objected to the omission of an instruction on self-defense. On
appeal, Coffey does not state what self-defense instruction he contends the trial court should have
given. However, he argues that the evidence showed that Warren’s son, Robert, was brandishing
a screwdriver, was angry, and was shouting before the shooting and that “[t]he threatening use of
the screwdriver by Robert along with his and Warren’s shouting acted in concert with the
proximity to raise self-defense.” From this, we construe Coffey’s complaint on appeal to be that
the trial court erred in failing to give an instruction on self-defense against multiple assailants.
At trial, Coffey made a general objection to the absence of an instruction on self-defense,
and when asked for a specific instruction, tendered his proposed instruction. Coffey’s requested
instruction, marked as defendant’s Record Exhibit 2, stated that there was evidence that Coffey
“believed his use of force was necessary to defend himself against Warren Neil’s [sic] use [or
attempted use] of deadly force.” When the trial court denied his request, Coffey only objected to
the trial court’s not including his requested instruction, “Defendant’s 2,” in the jury charge. Coffey
never notified the trial court that he wanted an instruction on self-defense against multiple
4
assailants. On appeal, Coffey does not contend that Warren at any time was using or threatening
to use a deadly weapon, and he does not complain about the trial court’s refusal to include
defendant’s Record Exhibit 2 in the jury charge.6
As the Austin Court of Appeals has noted, “In the Penal Code, self-defense is not a single
issue but rather a constellation of issues dealing with the justification of the use of force.” Allen,
2017 WL 1832456, at *2 (citing TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 9.31, 9.32). Consequently,
if the defendant requests an instruction on one self-defense issue, the trial court is
not obligated to include every possible self-defense instruction in the jury charge.
Rather, to preserve for appellate review a complaint that the trial court did not
instruct the jury on a particular self-defense issue, the defendant must request the
instruction and object to the omission of the instruction; otherwise, the issue is
forfeited.
Id. (citing Barrios v. State, 389 S.W.3d 382, 395 n.16 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2012, pet. ref’d)).
When the record does not demonstrate that the appellant requested the self-defense instruction
complained about on appeal, the appellant forfeits the issue, and the trial court does not err in
failing to include the instruction in its charge. Id. at *3.
Since the record shows that Coffey did not request an instruction on self-defense against
multiple assailants and that he only objected to the non-inclusion of an instruction on Warren’s
use or attempted use of deadly force, we find that the trial court did not err in failing to instruct the
jury on the issue and that Coffey has forfeited this issue. See id. at *2. We overrule this point of
error.
6
There was no evidence in the record that Warren used or attempted to use deadly force.
5
B. Sudden Passion
In his second point of error, Coffey argues that the trial court erred in failing to include an
instruction on sudden passion in its jury charge on punishment. Coffey does not contend, and the
record does not indicate, that Coffey objected to the omission or requested the inclusion of an
instruction on sudden passion.7
The Texas Penal Code allows a defendant, at the punishment stage of a murder trial, to
raise the issue of “whether he caused the death under the immediate influence of sudden passion
arising from an adequate cause.” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 19.02(d) (West 2011). If he proves
the issue by a preponderance of the evidence, the punishment for the offense is reduced to a second
degree felony. Id. The Austin Court of Appeals has held that “sudden passion is a defensive issue
that is not ‘law of the case,’ and therefore must be brought to the court’s attention. Thus, unless
the defendant requests a sudden-passion instruction, the trial court is under no obligation to include
such an instruction sua sponte.” Russell, 2014 WL 1572473, at *4.
Since Coffey failed to request a sudden passion instruction or otherwise bring the omission
to the trial court’s attention, we find that the trial court did not err in failing to give the instruction.
See id. We overrule Coffey’s second point of error.
7
When asked if there were any objections to the trial court’s charge on punishment, Coffey responded, “No objections
from the Defense, Your Honor.”
6
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Ralph K. Burgess
Justice
Date Submitted: April 26, 2017
Date Decided: July 13, 2017
Do Not Publish
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