TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-13-00058-CV
Appellant, First State Bank Central Texas//Cross-Appellant, Lakeway Regional Medical
Center Development, LLC
v.
Appellees, Lakeway Regional Medical Center Development, LLC;
Security State Bank & Trust; Daniel J. Brouillette and
Robert Gerald Call//Cross-Appellee, First State Bank Central Texas
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 345TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. D-1-GN-003795, HONORABLE AMY CLARK MEACHUM, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
First State Bank (FSB) obtained a $3.1 million judgment against Daniel J. Brouillette
in Bell County district court. FSB then filed in Travis County district court an application for a
post-judgment writ of garnishment against Lakeway Regional Medical Center Development, LLC
(Lakeway) seeking to attach any property belonging to Brouillette that was in Lakeway’s possession.
Lakeway filed an answer in which it stated that it did not have in its possession any property
belonging to Brouillette. FSB controverted Lakeway’s answer. Lakeway later filed a motion to
dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, which the trial court granted. Lakeway then filed a
motion seeking to recover court costs, including attorneys’ fees, which the district court denied on
the ground that it lacked jurisdiction. On appeal, FSB challenges the trial court’s conclusion that it
lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over the garnishment suit, and Lakeway challenges, by
cross-appeal, the trial court’s denial of its motion for court costs and attorneys’ fees. We will affirm
in part and reverse and remand in part.
BACKGROUND
In June 2010, FSB obtained an agreed judgment against Brouillette in a Bell County
district court in the amount of $3,172,385.31. Brouillette had an ownership interest in Lakeway.
Believing that Lakeway had possession of money or other assets belonging to Brouillette, FSB filed
a post-judgment garnishment proceeding in Travis County district court. Lakeway filed an answer
to the garnishment application, verified by its manager Robert Call, in which it stated that it was
neither indebted to Brouillette nor had any of Brouillette’s property in its possession. The day after
filing its answer, Lakeway transferred $698,419.15 from its own bank account to Security State Bank
and Trust (Security State).
FSB controverted Lakeway’s answer, asserting that the transferred funds constituted
Brouillette’s share of proceeds from Lakeway’s development of the Lakeway Regional Medical
Center and contending that Lakeway’s verified answer falsely stated that Lakeway was not indebted
to Brouillette. Lakeway responded that Brouillette had assigned the funds to Security State before
entry of the agreed judgment and that the transferred funds therefore belonged to Security State
pursuant to a valid security agreement. Lakeway subsequently filed a third-party petition against
Security State and Brouillette requesting that, in the event the court determined the transferred funds
did in fact belong to Brouillette, it recover any damages it incurred as a result of the transfer.
After the garnishment proceeding had been pending for almost two years, Lakeway
filed a motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction. In its motion, Lakeway argued that the Travis
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County district court did not have jurisdiction over the garnishment proceeding because exclusive
jurisdiction over such a proceeding is vested in the court that issued the judgment that the garnishor
is seeking to satisfy, in this case Bell County district court. On the day of the hearing on the motion
to dismiss, FSB filed a third-party petition in the Travis County proceeding against Brouillette, Call,
and Lakeway alleging a cause of action for conspiracy to defraud FSB and seeking a declaration that
FSB’s right to the transferred funds was superior to that of Lakeway, Brouillette, Call, or any other
entity claiming any interest in them.
After a hearing on the motion to dismiss, the district court signed an order dismissing
the case for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. Thereafter, Lakeway filed a motion for costs,
requesting that the court award it costs, including attorneys’ fees, pursuant to either rule 677 of the
Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, which governs costs available to a garnishee, or as sanctions
pursuant to rule 13. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 13, 677. FSB’s response to the motion contended, among
other arguments, that because the court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over the garnishment
proceeding, it also lacked jurisdiction to award costs. After a hearing on the motion for costs, the
district court signed an order “denying” the request for costs and fees on the ground that the court
“lack[ed] jurisdiction to consider the merits of the motion.” FSB and Lakeway each perfected an
appeal. FSB challenges the trial court’s order dismissing the case for lack of jurisdiction, and
Lakeway challenges the trial court’s denial of its motion for costs for lack of jurisdiction.
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DISCUSSION
FSB’s Appeal
In two issues, FSB contends that (1) the district court had jurisdiction over its
application for writ of garnishment, and (2) the district court erred in dismissing its claim against
Brouillette, Lakeway, and Call for conspiracy to defraud FSB and its request for a declaratory
judgment regarding its superior right to the transferred funds.
This Court has previously held that the only court having subject-matter jurisdiction
over an application for a writ of garnishment is the court that has or will issue the judgment that the
garnishor is seeking to satisfy. See Park v. Western Union Fin. Servs., No. 03-08-00292-CV,
2009 WL 3486373, at *2 (Tex. App.—Austin Oct. 30, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“Only the court
in which the original suit was brought has subject-matter jurisdiction over the garnishment action.”)
(citing King & King v. Porter, 252 S.W. 1022, 1022 (Tex. 1923)); see also In re General Motors
Acceptance Corp., No. 13-08-00474-CV, 2008 WL 4822227, at *3 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi
Nov. 3, 2008, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.) (garnishment proceeding can be brought only in court
in which original suit was filed); Baca v. Hoover, Bax & Shearer, 823 S.W.2d 734, 738 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1992, writ denied) (garnishment action is not original suit, but ancillary
proceeding that takes its jurisdiction from underlying suit). FSB acknowledges this but asserts that
these cases incorrectly relied on King & King v. Porter, a 1923 supreme court case holding that an
appellate court had jurisdiction over an appeal from a garnishment proceeding even though the
amount in controversy was below the appellate court’s jurisdictional minimum. FSB argues that the
court’s holding in King was dependent on its construction of a now-superseded version of the
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garnishment statute and that subsequent changes to the statute warrant reexamination of that court’s
holding regarding jurisdiction over garnishment proceedings.
FSB notes that the 1923 version of the garnishment statute provided that:
The clerks of the district and county courts and justices of the peace may issue writs
of garnishment, returnable to their respective courts, in the following cases:
1. Where an original attachment has been issued . . . .
2. Where the plaintiff sues for a debt and makes affidavit that such debt
is just, due and unpaid, and that the defendant has not, within his
knowledge, property in his possession, within this state, subject to
execution, sufficient to satisfy such debt . . . .
3. Where the plaintiff has a judgment and makes affidvait that the
defendant has not, within his knowledge, property in his possession
within this state, subject to execution, sufficient to satisfy such
judgment.
See Tex. Rev. Stats. art. 217 (1895) (current version at Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §§ 63.001-
.002). FSB contends that the inclusion of the word “where” in the statute indicated legislative intent
that the only court that can issue a writ of garnishment is the court “where” the garnishor has
obtained a judgment. The current version of the garnishment statute still provides that “[t]he clerk
of a district or county court or a justice of the peace may issue a writ of garnishment returnable to
his court,” Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 63.002, but it now provides that:
A writ of garnishment is available if:
(1) an original attachment has been issued;
(2) a plaintiff sues for a debt and makes an affidavit stating . . .; or
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(3) a plaintiff has a valid, subsisting judgment and makes an affidavit
stating . . . .
Id. § 63.001. Because the current version of the statute does not include the word “where,” FSB
contends that the legislature intended to eliminate the previous restriction on which court had
jurisdiction to issue a writ of garnishment. Thus, FSB contends that the basis for the holding in King
that jurisdiction over the garnishment proceeding is vested exclusively in the court that rendered the
original judgment no longer obtains. We disagree.
When the supreme court decided King, it was already well established that subject-
matter jurisdiction over an application for writ of garnishment was vested exclusively in the court
that rendered, or would render, the judgment sought to be enforced. See King, 252 S.W. at 1022 (“It
is well settled that the jurisdiction in the trial court in proceedings of garnishment is that of the
original suit. . . . The garnishment proceeding could have been brought in no other court than the
one in which the original suit was brought.”) (citing, inter alia, Kelly v. Gibbs, 19 S.W. 563, 563-64
(Tex. 1892)). The King court observed that the reason for the rule was that “[a] garnishment
proceeding is ancillary to and a part of the principal action . . . .” Id. The court went on to explain
that the court’s holding in Kelly rested in part on the statutory requirement that the writ “shall be
made returnable to the court in which the original judgment was rendered, and that the cause should
be heard and determined in that court, without reference to the amount in controversy.” Id. at
1022-23 (quoting Kelly, 19 S.W. at 563). The Kelly court held that this requirement evidenced the
legislature’s intent that even post-judgment garnishment proceedings were “ancillary and part of the
original suit.” Kelly, 19 S.W. at 563.
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FSB does not dispute that the current version of the statute still states that the writ is
returnable only to the court that issued it. FSB contends, however, that because section 63.001 does
not use the word “where,” the legislature has eliminated the requirement that only the court in which
the original action was filed has jurisdiction to issue the writ. We do not agree that this alteration
in the statute’s wording indicates a legislative intent to overrule the supreme court’s holdings in
Kelly and King regarding subject-matter jurisdiction over garnishment proceedings. The current
version of the statute effectively replaces the word “where” with the word “if” and sets forth the
same three circumstances under which a writ of garnishment is available. Id.1 We conclude that the
legislature’s use of the word “where” in the earlier version of the statute was not intended to be
locational—i.e., to designate which court had jurisdiction to issue the writ of garnishment. Rather,
in this context we believe the legislature intended the word “where” to be conditional—i.e., to set
forth the circumstances that must obtain in order for a writ of garnishment to be available. In other
words, the statute’s meaning was not altered by the substitution of the word “if” for the word
“where.” Moreover, the supreme court’s conclusion that a garnishment must be filed in the court
that rendered the judgment sought to be enforced derived not from the language of the garnishment
statute but from the fact that a garnishment is not an original suit but is instead ancillary to the main
one. See King, 252 S.W. at 1022 (“Suits in garnishment are ancillary to and a part of the original
suit, and cannot be separated therefrom.”).
1
We also note that the applicable section is titled “Grounds,” indicating that its purpose is
to describe the circumstances that would permit a court to issue a writ of garnishment. See Tex. Civ.
Prac. & Rem. Code § 63.001.
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The ancillary nature of garnishment proceedings has not changed, and we are
unpersuaded that the legislature’s rewording of the garnishment statute when it was codified in 1985
was intended to overrule well-established case law holding that subject-matter jurisdiction over
garnishment proceedings is vested exclusively in the court in which the original action was filed.
We overrule FSB’s first issue.
In its second issue, FSB asserts that the trial court erred in dismissing its
conspiracy-to-defraud claim against Brouillette, Call, and Lakeway for lack of subject-matter
jurisdiction.2 FSB contends that its pleading asserting this claim contained all the elements sufficient
to invoke the trial court’s jurisdiction and, consequently, the trial court had jurisdiction over this
claim irrespective of whether it had jurisdiction over the garnishment proceeding. We agree. Even
though the district court did not have jurisdiction over the garnishment proceeding, FSB’s tort claim
against Lakeway, Call, and Brouillette contained all the essential elements of a separate cause of
action and could, therefore, be maintained as a separate suit. See Williams v. National Mortg. Co.,
903 S.W.2d 398, 403 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1995, writ denied). In Williams, the court held that it
made no difference that a counterclaim that contained all the essentials of a separate claim was filed
and docketed as part of a suit no longer in existence, and that fact did not “defeat its validity as an
independent lawsuit.” Id. (citing Leach v. Brown, 292 S.W.2d 329, 331 (Tex. 1956)). Similarly
here, the fact that the trial court did not have jurisdiction over the garnishment proceeding does not
2
FSB does not complain on appeal that the trial court erred in dismissing its request for a
declaration that its interest in the transferred funds was superior to that of Lakeway, Brouillette, Call,
or any other entity claiming any interest in them. Consequently we express no opinion regarding
whether such dismissal was proper.
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defeat the validity of FSB’s tort claim as an independent suit even though it was filed and docketed
in the same cause number as the garnishment suit. See id. Thus, although the district court did not
have subject-matter jurisdiction over FSB’s application for a writ of garnishment, it did have
subject-matter jurisdiction over FSB’s claim for conspiracy to defraud. The court therefore erred by
dismissing that claim for want of jurisdiction.
Lakeway, Call, and Brouillette counter that FSB’s pleading, which was filed on the
same day as the hearing on their motion to dismiss, was untimely. Their argument invokes Texas
Rule of Civil Procedure 63, which requires that a party obtain leave of court to file an amended
pleading within seven days of trial. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 63. But a hearing on a motion to dismiss
for lack of jurisdiction is not a “trial” for purposes of rule 63. See City of McKinney v. Hank’s Rest.
Grp., 412 S.W.3d 102, 110 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.) (rules of civil procedure do not
prescribe deadline for filing amended pleadings before hearing or submission of plea to jurisdiction);
Grand Prairie Hosp. Auth. v. Tarrant Appraisal Dist., 707 S.W.2d 281, 283 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
1986, writ ref’d n.r.e.) (hearing on plea to jurisdiction is not “trial” for purposes of rule 63).
Lakeway, Call, and Brouillette also contend that FSB’s conspiracy-to-defraud claim lacks merit.
Specifically, they contend that because the garnishment was void, the alleged act of wrongfully
transferring funds after the writ of garnishment issued “could not support a cause of action for
conspiracy.” Whether the claim has merit, however, is a different question from whether FSB’s
pleading invoked the district court’s subject-matter jurisdiction. We sustain FSB’s second
appellate issue.
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Lakeway’s Cross-Appeal
In its cross-appeal, Lakeway asserts that the district court erred in concluding that it
lacked jurisdiction to consider Lakeway’s motion for court costs, including attorneys’ fees and
expenses. Lakeway’s motion sought recovery pursuant to Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 677 or, in
the alternative, as sanctions for filing and pursuing a groundless and frivolous suit. See Tex. R. Civ.
P. 13, 677. Rule 677 provides:
Where the garnishee is discharged upon his answer, the costs of the proceeding,
including a reasonable compensation to the garnishee, shall be taxed against the
plaintiff; where the answer of the garnishee has not been controverted and the
garnishee is held thereon, such costs shall be taxed against the defendant and
included in the execution provided for in this section; where the answer is contested,
the costs shall abide the issue of such contest.
We first observe that generally when a court lacks subject-matter jurisdiction over a claim, the only
action it can take is to dismiss the claim. See American Motorist Ins. Co. v. Fodge, 63 S.W.3d 801,
805 (Tex. 2001) (“If a claim is not within a court’s jurisdiction, and the impediment to jurisdiction
cannot be removed, then it must be dismissed.”). Relying on Nausler v. Coors Brewing Co.,
Lakeway contends, however, that the language of Rule 677 mandates an award of attorneys’ fees
even though the trial court properly concluded that it did not have subject-matter jurisdiction over
the garnishment proceeding. 170 S.W.3d 242, 257 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, no pet.) (holding that
statutory language contained in Beer Industry Fair Dealing Law required award of attorneys’ fees to
party who “prevailed” by successfully arguing that plaintiff lacked standing to pursue claim).
Lakeway maintains that it meets the definition of a “prevailing party” and, as in Nausler, the
pertinent rule mandates the award of costs even though the claim is dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.
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See id. (“The statute text mandates the award of fees [to the prevailing party] even if the action
cannot be maintained, whether or not it is dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.”). We disagree. Even
were we to conclude that Lakeway does fall within the definition of a “prevailing party,” an issue
we need not address, the text of Rule 677 does not mandate an award of attorneys’ fees when a
garnishment proceeding is dismissed for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. Rule 677 provides that
the court must award costs against the plaintiff if the garnishee is “discharged upon his answer” and
must tax costs against the defendant if the garnishee’s answer is uncontroverted and the garnishee
“is held thereon.” But the rule provides that when, as here, the garnishee’s answer is contested, the
court must award costs to the party that prevails on “such contest.” The rule does not contemplate
an award of attorneys’ fees when the trial court, without regard to the merits, dismisses the
garnishment proceeding for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. We reject Lakeway’s contention that
it is entitled to fees pursuant to the third provision of rule 677—that the costs “shall abide the issue
of such contest.” Here, Lakeway filed an answer stating that it did not have property in its
possession that was subject to garnishment, and FSB contested that answer. The trial court did not
make a determination regarding “the issue of such contest” but instead dismissed the case for lack
of subject-matter jurisdiction. We hold that Rule 677 does not provide for an award of costs to a
garnishee when the garnishment proceeding is dismissed for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.3
3
The present case is also distinguishable from Spector Gadon & Rosen, P.C. v. Southwest
Securities, Inc. in which the court of appeals held that Rule 677 provided for an award of fees to a
garnishee when the plaintiff contested the garnishee’s answer but subsequently filed a notice of
nonsuit. 372 S.W.3d 244, 249-50 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.). In that case, the court of
appeals held that because the plaintiff filed a nonsuit and “abandoned” its claim, the garnishee
prevailed on “the issue of such contest.”
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The trial court does, however, have jurisdiction to award attorneys’ fees as sanctions
under rule 13 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure in the event it deems such sanctions appropriate.
See Tex. R. Civ. P. 13 (providing for sanctions against party filing groundless pleading); see also
Thielemann v. Kethan, 371 S.W.3d 286, 295 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. denied)
(addressing whether it was appropriate to award Rule 13 sanctions when party filed suit in court that
lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over claim). We therefore sustain the sole issue in Lakeway’s
cross-appeal. On remand the trial court may consider whether Rule 13 sanctions are warranted under
the circumstances, which include that both parties actively participated in the garnishment
proceedings for almost two years and Lakeway itself filed a third-party petition almost a year before
filing its motion to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court’s order dismissing the garnishment
proceeding for lack of jurisdiction. We reverse the portion of the trial court’s order dismissing
FSB’s cross-claim against Lakeway for lack of jurisdiction and dismissing Lakeway’s motion for
costs for lack of jurisdiction and remand those claims to the trial court for further proceedings.
_____________________________________________
J. Woodfin Jones, Chief Justice
Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Pemberton and Field
Affirmed in Part, Reversed and Remanded in Part
Filed: February 20, 2014
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