DocketNumber： 03-95-00693-CR
Filed Date： 6/12/1996
Status： Precedential
Modified Date： 9/5/2015
PER CURIAM
A jury found appellant, Lester Williams, guilty of five counts of sexual assault of a child. Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 22.011(a)(2) (West 1994). For each count, the jury assessed punishment at imprisonment for twenty years and a $10,000 fine. The jury also found appellant guilty of one count of sexual performance by a child for which it assessed punishment at imprisonment for five years and a $10,000 fine. Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 43.25(b) (West 1994). Appellant complains, by four points of error, of prosecutorial misconduct during voir dire and of the trial court's overruling of his objections to certain testimony and to portions of the State's closing argument during the guilt-innocence phase of trial. We will affirm the trial court's judgment.
By point of error one, appellant contends that the trial court erred by overruling his objection to statements by the State's attorney during voir dire. Appellant contends that the State's attorney injected his personal opinion before the jury which constituted improper testimony during voir dire.
The following excerpt is relevant to appellant's point of error:
State's Attorney: You can weigh the circumstances whether or not you would expect a person to remember the detail. The importance is up to you. Crime victims are often traumatized in many ways for a long time and you can weigh --
Defense Attorney: Your Honor, may it please the court, he is now stating, he's stating his position as to the traumatization of crime victims, Your Honor, and therefore we feel that he is, attempting to testify as opposed to asking voir dire questions. . . . We ask him to restrict the questions and his voir dire to questions, Your Honor. Therefore, we object to his procedure. . . .
The Court: Overruled.
State's Attorney: Again, crime victims are often traumatized.
Defense Attorney: Your Honor, again he's testifying as to that. Your Honor, he might be able to say that we can introduce evidence that shows that crime victims are testifying. I mean are sometimes victims but for him to blatantly say crime victims are traumatized, Your Honor, again is not proper voir dire and again we object to that.
The Court: Overruled.
Appellant contends that the State was telling the potential jurors that the child witnesses in this cause may not detail the events correctly because they are victims of crime and crime victims are often traumatized by the circumstances. Appellant on the one hand contends that this error could possibly have been cured if the State had withdrawn its comment and if the trial court had instructed the jury to disregard the State's comments. Appellant then asserts that because the State repeated the comment "it is doubtful that a withdrawal and instruction would have cured the error because the statement complained of injected injurious and prejudicial matters before the panel which were calculated to prevent a fair trial before an impartial jury." We disagree with appellant's assertions.
The State's comments referring to the fact that crime victims are sometimes traumatized were common knowledge. The State further commented that not all crime victims are traumatized and that this was a factor for the jury to consider when evaluating a witness's credibility. We conclude that the State did not tell the potential jurors how they should evaluate the children's testimony in this particular instance. Additionally, appellant advised the trial court that he was satisfied with the jury selected to hear the cause. Error, if any, related to the State's comments was harmless. Tex. R. App. P. 81(b)(2). We overrule point of error one.
By point of error two, appellant contends that the trial court erred by overruling his objection to an answer given by Callie Jefferies during the State's direct examination. Callie Jefferies was employed at the child care center where the complaining children had been enrolled. As the State's outcry witness, she testified about what the children told her regarding appellant's actions in committing the alleged offenses.
The following excerpt is relevant to appellant's point of error:
State's Attorney: Did you act on the information you received from [the children]?
Jefferies: Yes, I did.
State's Attorney: And what did you do?
Jefferies: I told them that I believe[d] them and that I would tell my directors.
Defense Attorney: Your Honor, if it please the court, the question was what did she act on. Her answer is nonresponsive number one and number two, it is -- she is attempting to go back and, and make a statement that she has just heard would be reversible error and we object again.
The Court: Overruled.
State's Attorney: We pass the witness, Your Honor.
Appellant argues to this Court that the State was attempting to bolster the children's testimony through Jefferies' testimony. Appellant argues that the State may not bolster or support its own witness's testimony unless the witness has first been impeached on cross-examination. The State responds that appellant did not properly preserve this complaint at trial for appeal. We agree.
To preserve error for appeal regarding testimony admitted at trial, a party must make a timely objection that states the specific grounds for the objection, if not apparent from the record. Tex. R. App. P. 52(a); Tex. R. Crim. Evid. 103(a)(1). If a party specifically objects at trial on one basis but asserts another basis on appeal, error has not been properly preserved. Johnson v. State, 803 S.W.2d 272, 292 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990); Rezac v. State, 782 S.W.2d 869, 870 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990).
Appellant objected that Jefferies' answer was nonresponsive and that "she was attempting to go back and make a statement that she had just heard would be reversible error and we object again." Appellant's trial objection did not assert bolstering as a basis. Jefferies' answer was responsive about how she acted after the children told her the information. Appellant did not properly preserve the appellate complaint that Jefferies' answer constituted bolstering of the children's testimony. We overrule appellant's second point of error.
By points of error three and four, appellant contends that the trial court erred by overruling his objections to portions of the State's closing argument during the guilt-innocence phase of trial. By point three, appellant complains about the State's reference to a portion of Dr. Pierce's testimony. Pierce, a psychologist and a witness for the State, tested and interviewed appellant. The following excerpt from the State's closing argument is relevant to appellant's third point of error:
State's Attorney: Dr. Pierce came in and told you that I've looked at him and I talked to him and I gave him these tests and he doesn't show to be a pedophile. But what else did Dr. Pierce say? That he's an average to high average or above average intelligence. His report shows that. That he's very logical and goal oriented. That he knew why he was there for a report that would be coming to the court, that he was sane, he was competent, he was rational and the only way Dr. Pierce could find him to be a pedophile was not from some tests and not from some objective information, but only if the defendant would be willing to tell him he was a pedophile.
Defense Attorney: Your Honor, that's going completely outside the record and it's not in the testimony. Therefore, we object.
The Court: Overruled.
Appellant argues on appeal that the State misquoted Pierce's testimony. According to appellant, Pierce testified that pedophilia could not be diagnosed by the tests he gave appellant, and that such a diagnosis must be based on repeated acts of pedophilia over a long period of time as reported by the actor or some person with knowledge. The State responds that its statement was a reasonable inference from Pierce's testimony because there were no other persons except appellant with knowledge of the alleged acts.
Jury argument, to be proper, must fall within one of the following areas: (1) summation of the evidence presented at trial, (2) reasonable deduction drawn from the evidence, (3) answer to the opposing counsel's argument, or (4) a plea for law enforcement. Borjan v. State, 787 S.W.2d 53, 55 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990); Gaddis v. State, 753 S.W.2d 396, 398 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988); Scott v. State, 867 S.W.2d 148, 152 (Tex. App.--Austin 1993, no pet.). Error exists when facts not supported by the record are interjected. Cannon v. State, 668 S.W.2d 401, 404 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984). Counsel, however, is allowed wide latitude in drawing inferences from the evidence so long as the inferences drawn are reasonable, fair, legitimate, and offered in good faith. Gaddis, 753 S.W.2d at 398. Additionally, a reviewing court must consider the context in which the remark appears. Id. When reviewing a jury argument complaint, an appellate court will find reversible error only when, in light of the record as a whole, the argument was extreme or manifestly improper, violative of a mandatory statute, or injected new facts harmful to the accused into the trial. Borjan, 787 S.W.2d at 57.
Pierce testified that he could not make a diagnosis by referring solely to the tests given appellant. He would have to take the test results, do a clinical interview with appellant, and then "see what comes out." After reviewing Pierce's testimony, we conclude that the trial court did not err by overruling appellant's objection and the prosecutor's argument was a reasonable deduction from the testimony. We overrule appellant's third point of error.
By point four, appellant complains that the State again went outside the record when it commented:
These kids are a classic study of sexually abused children according to Marge Creasy. She didn't just spend three hours.
Marge Creasy, a mental health care professional, testified for the State. In her testimony, Creasy described the symptoms of sexual abuse in children and said she observed these symptoms in the complainants. Creasy did not, however, expressly refer to the complainants as a "classic study of sexually abused children." The State asserts that its comment was not outside the record, but was a reasonable summary of Creasy's testimony or a reasonable inference from her testimony. Considering the evidence presented, this was a reasonable inference. After reviewing Creasy's testimony, we conclude that the trial court did not err by overruling appellant's objection. We overrule appellant's point four.
We affirm the trial court's judgment.
Before Justices Powers, Jones and B. A. Smith
Affirm
Filed: June 12, 1996
Do Not Publish
e a pedophile. But what else did Dr. Pierce say? That he's an average to high average or above average intelligence. His report shows that. That he's very logical and goal oriented. That he knew why he was there for a report that would be coming to the court, that he was sane, he was competent, he was rational and the only way Dr. Pierce could find him to be a pedophile was not from some tests and not from some objective information, but only if the defendant would be willing to tell him he was a pedophile.
Defense Attorney: Your Honor, that's going completely outside the record and it's not in the testimony. Therefore, we object.
The Court: Overruled.
Appellant argues on appeal that the State misquoted Pierce's testimony. According to appellant, Pierce testified that pedophilia could not be diagnosed by the tests he gave appellant, and that such a diagnosis must be based on repeated acts of pedophilia over a long period of time as reported by the actor or some person with knowledge. The State responds that its statement was a reasonable inference from Pierce's testimony because there were no other persons except appellant with knowledge of the alleged acts.
Jury argument, to be proper, must fall within one of the following areas: (1) summation of the evidence presented at trial, (2) reasonable deduction drawn from the evidence, (3) answer to the opposing counsel's argument, or (4) a plea for law enforcement. Borjan v. State, 787 S.W.2d 53, 55 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990); Gaddis v. State, 753 S.W.2d 396, 398 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988); Scott v. State, 867 S.W.2d 148, 152 (Tex. App.--Austin 1993, no pet.). Error exists when facts not supported by the record are interjected. Cannon v. State, 668 S.W.2d 401, 404 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984). Counsel, however, is allowed wide latitude in drawing inferences from the evidence so long as the inferences drawn are reasonable, fair, legitimate, and offered in good faith. Gaddis, 753 S.W.2d at 398. Additionally, a reviewing court must consider the context in which the remark appears. Id. When reviewing a jury argument complaint, an appellate court will find reversible error only when, in light of the record as a whole, the argument was extreme or manifestly improper, violative of a mandatory statute, or injected new facts harmful to the accused into the trial. Borjan, 787 S.W.2d at 57.
Pierce testified that he could not make a diagnosis by referring solely to the tests given appellant. He would have to take the test results, do a clinical interview with appellant, and then "see what comes out." After reviewing Pierce's testimony, we conclude that the trial court did not err by overruling appellant's objection and the prosecutor's argument was a reasonable deduction from the testimony. We overrule appellant's third point of error.
By point four, appellant complains that the State again went outside the record when it commented:
These kids are a classic study of sexually abused children according to Marge Creasy. She didn't just spend three hours.
Marge Creasy, a mental health care professional, testified for the State. In her testimony, Creasy described the symptoms of sexual abuse in children and said she observed these symptoms in the complainants. Creasy did not, however, expressly refer to the complainants as a "classic study of sexually abused children." The State asserts that its comment was not outside the rec