Carnell Lee Green v. State

AFFIRM as MODIFIED; and Opinion Filed April 6, 2015.
Court of Appeals
S In The
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-13-01284-CR
CARNELL LEE GREEN, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the Criminal District Court No. 7
Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. F-1262651-Y
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Myers, Evans, and O’Neill 1
Opinion by Justice O’Neill
Appellant Carnell Lee Green appeals his jury conviction for burglary of a habitation.
After finding appellant guilty, the jury assessed his punishment at ten years’ confinement.
Appellant complains about four points of error: 1) the trial court violated his right to the
presumption of innocence by having him wear leg shackles, 2) the trial court erred by overruling
his motion to quash the jury panel due to a juror’s comment on appellant’s leg shackles, 3) the
evidence was insufficient to support the jury’s verdict, and 4) the judgment should be modified
to properly reflect the correct prosecutor in the case. We sustain appellant’s fourth issue, modify
the trial court’s judgment, and affirm the judgment as modified. Because all dispositive issues
are settled in law, we issue this memorandum opinion. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(a),47.4.
1
The Hon. Michael J. O’Neill, Justice, Court of Appeals, Fifth District of Texas at Dallas, Retired, sitting by assignment.
On November 20, 2012, Dallas Police Officer Thomas Schiller responded to a call
regarding the burglary of a habitation on Meadow Street in Dallas, Texas. As Schiller
approached the subject residence, he stopped short when he came upon a trash/recycling bin in
the middle of the street. As he exited his vehicle to investigate the bin, he was approached by
appellant who said, “It is mine, I will move it.” The bin contained miscellaneous items, including
shovels, brooms, a hot plate, a television, and a picture of The Lord’s Last Supper.
When the police arrived at the subject residence, they found three obvious entry
locations: the side door, the back door, and the detached garage door had either been pried open
or kicked-in. The house had been ransacked with things thrown all over the floor. The home
belonged to Melva Jones and had been vacant for some time. Ms. Jones’ daughter-in-law, Alpher
Jones, worked close by and arrived at the scene shortly after the police. Alpher testified that she
was at the house two days before and had cleaned out the freezer and put the discarded materials
in the trash bin. When Alpher arrived at the home on November 20th, the contents from the
freezer were thrown out of the bin and into the driveway.
A neighbor testified he watched the property for Melva and before the incident, the trash
and recycle bins had been located beside the house, not at the curb. The neighbor also testified
that one door to the house had been broken-in before, but Melva repaired that door, and the doors
had been secured before he saw appellant in the street with Melva’s property. The police testified
there were marks on the ground showing the bin had originally been located at the side door and
was pushed on the wet dirt from the side door to the street.
Appellant testified that while out riding his bicycle, he saw trash blowing around the
street and yard. He followed the trail of trash to the subject property. Appellant saw the bin
loaded “with junk” and did not see anyone around the property. When he realized no one was
there, he “pulled the trash can to the front of the yard. . . and rode down the street with it.”
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In his first point of error, appellant contends the trial court violated his right to the
presumption of innocence by having him wear leg shackles during his trial and failed to enter
specific findings regarding why he was shackled. The State responds that appellant has waived
his right to complain on appeal that he was prejudiced because appellant failed to assert a
specific objection to the wearing of shackles at trial.
Appellant specifically asserts the trial court abused its discretion by making appellant
wear leg shackles during the trial and by failing to make a specific finding as required by law as
to why the shackles should remain. See Culverhouse v. State, 755 S.W.2d 856, 860 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1988). However, appellant’s complaint is not preserved for appeal. To preserve error for
appeal, a party must present a timely and specific objection to the trial court. TEX. R. APP. P.
33.1(a)(1); Mendez v. State, 138 S.W.3d 334, 341 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). Additionally, the
complaint on appeal must comport with the objection at trial. Wilson v. State, 71 S.W.3d 346,
349 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002). Here, appellant did not object to being shackled, did not ask the
court to enter specific findings as to the reason he was shackled, and did not complain that the
shackles violated his presumption of innocence. Appellant’s only objection regarding the
shackles came in the form of a motion to quash the jury panel after a juror noted appellant was
wearing shackles. Consequently, appellant did not preserve this argument on appeal because it
was not lodged at trial. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1. We overrule appellant’s first point of error.
In his second point of error, Appellant argues the trial court erred by overruling his
motion to quash the jury panel after a juror commented on his leg shackles. The State responds
the denial of the motion to quash was proper because the court gave a curative instruction. The
relevant portion of the record reads as follows:
[DEFENSE ATTORNEY]: And you feel comfortable with the idea that if they
fail to meet their burden, if they fail to prove it to you beyond a reasonable doubt,
the law says that you have to find him not guilty. Do you have a problem with
that?
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....
PROSPECTIVE JUROR: I would have a problem with this, especially since he is
shackled.
THE COURT: The jury will disregard that.
....
(Prospective jurors left the courtroom.)
THE COURT: Go ahead.
[DEFENSE ATTORNEY]: Judge, we make a motion to quash the panel based on
the outburst, unnecessary outburst, from Juror Number 70 about the defendant
being shackled.
THE COURT: The Court gave an immediate instruction, and the Court would
also note if we don’t get to the jury, i.e., Juror 66 through 75, no one else could
possibly have seen the defendant shackled. In addition to that, the Court does not
think that people perceived exactly what she was saying. And even if they did, I
think my curative instruction would take care of that. The motion is denied. Okay.
Anything else?
After the recess and before the panel reentered the courtroom, the judge further stated:
THE COURT: First of all, on the record. The Court notes that the strike range was
through 36, alternate range through 40. Therefore, as additional support for not
granting the motion to quash the panel, the only jurors that could possibly have
seen the defendant in shackles were Jurors 66 through 75, and none of them are –
are eligible for the jury.
The trial court has broad discretion over the process of selecting a jury. Sells v. State, 121
S.W.3d 748, 755 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003). We review a trial court’s denial of a motion to quash
a jury panel under an abuse of discretion standard. Id. After a defendant’s motion to quash a jury
panel based on improper juror comments has been denied, a defendant must prove the following
to show harm: (1) other members of the panel heard the remark, (2) the jurors who heard the
remarks were influenced to the prejudice of the defendant, and (3) the juror in question or some
other juror who may have had a similar opinion was forced upon the defendant. Callins v. State,
780 S.W.2d 176, 188 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986); see also Berkley v. State, 298 S.W.3d 712, 713
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(Tex. App.—San Antonio 2009, pet. ref’d). When a defendant fails to show harm, the trial
court’s ruling will not be disturbed on appeal. See, e.g., Berkley, 298 S.W.3d at 713.
In this case, we first note that the State acknowledges the juror’s statement was made
before the entire jury panel. However, the State argues the juror’s comment was “fleeting, and
not so severe that it could not be cured.” The record shows the trial court issued a prompt
instruction for the panel to disregard the juror’s comment. We generally presume that the jury
follows the trial court’s instructions, including a limiting instruction. See Waldo v. State, 746
S.W.2d 750 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988). The presumption is rebuttable, but appellant has pointed to
no evidence in rebuttal. We find no other juror remarks about the shackles in this record. Further,
the juror who expressed concern about appellant being shackled was struck during voir dire. We
conclude appellant has failed to establish that he suffered any harm because of the juror’s
comment. We overrule appellant’s second point of error.
In his third point of error, appellant argues the evidence was insufficient to support a
finding beyond a reasonable doubt that he committed the offense of burglary of a habitation.
Specifically, appellant asserts that the State presented no evidence showing appellant entered the
home. The State claims direct evidence of entry is not required, and responsibility may be
established by inference.
When reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence, we consider all of the evidence in
the light most favorable to the verdict to determine whether, based on that evidence and
reasonable inferences therefrom, a rational finder of fact could have found the essential elements
of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 318–19 (1979);
Gear v. State, 340 S.W.3d 743, 746 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011). We treat direct and circumstantial
evidence equally, and circumstantial evidence alone can be sufficient to establish guilt.
Gilbertson v. State, 563 S.W.2d 606, 608 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978). We are required to defer to the
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jury’s credibility and weight determinations given to the evidence. Thornton v. State, 425 S.W.3d
289, 303 (Tex. Crim. App. 2014).
A person commits the offense of burglary of a habitation if, without the effective consent
of the owner, the person “enters a habitation, or a building (or any portion of a building) not then
open to the public, with intent to commit a felony, theft, or an assault . . . .” TEX. PENAL CODE
ANN. § 30.02(a)(1) (West 2011). A defendant’s unexplained possession of property recently
stolen in a burglary permits an inference that the defendant is the one who committed the
burglary. Rollerson v. State, 227 S.W.3d 718, 725 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). The inference
permitted is that the defendant is criminally responsible for the property stolen during the
burglary. Id. at 726.
The evidence reveals that appellant approached Officer Schiller and told him, “It is mine,
I will move it.” Appellant gave consent to be searched, and the officer found appellant’s pockets
full of jewelry. Appellant was also wearing a “Thanksgiving necklace” around his neck. When
Alpher arrived at the scene, she identified all of the jewelry and items in the bin as Melva’s
property and stated the “Thanksgiving necklace” was also on Melva’s bathroom counter “a day
or two before.” Alpher also stated the picture of “The Lord’s Last Supper” was hanging on the
living room wall before the incident.
It is well settled that the unexplained possession of property recently stolen in a burglary
permits an inference that the defendant is the one who committed the burglary. Rollerson, 227
S.W.3d at 725; Poncio v. State, 185 S.W.3d 904, 905 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006). Considering all
the evidence in the light most favorable to the jury’s verdict, we conclude a rational tier of fact
could have found appellant guilty of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. See Jackson, 443
U.S. at 319; Gear, 340 S.W.3d at 746. We overrule appellant’s third point of error.
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In his fourth point of error, appellant contends his judgment should be modified to
properly reflect the correct prosecutor in his case. The State agrees the judgment is incorrect and
asks this Court to correct the judgment. This Court has the power to modify an incorrect
judgment when we have the necessary data and information to do so. TEX. R. APP. P. 43.2(b).
The record shows, and the State agrees, J. Healy was not the attorney for the State at trial, but it
was Tommy Adams instead. Accordingly, we modify the trial court’s judgment to remove “J.
Healy” as “Attorney for the State” and in its place reflect “Tommy Adams” was the attorney for
the State in this case.
In conclusion, we modify the trial court’s judgment to reflect Tommy Adams was the
attorney for the State. As modified, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/Michael J. O'Neill/
MICHAEL J. O'NEILL
JUSTICE, ASSIGNED
DO NOT PUBLISH
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
131284F.U05
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S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
CARNELL LEE GREEN, Appellant On Appeal from the Criminal District Court
No. 7, Dallas County, Texas
No. 05-13-01284-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. F-1262651-Y.
Opinion delivered by Justice O'Neill.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Justices Myers and Evans participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is MODIFIED
as follows:
The name J. Healy will be removed and the name Tommy Adams will be replaced
in its stead, as attorney for the State.
As REFORMED, the judgment is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered this 6th day of April, 2015.
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