Debbie Ann Duchaine v. State

In The

Court of Appeals

Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana

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No. 06-03-00045-CR

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DEBBIE ANN DUCHAINE, Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

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On Appeal from the 124th Judicial District Court

Gregg County, Texas

Trial Court No. 28925-B

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Before Morriss, C.J., Ross and Carter, JJ.

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Ross

MEMORANDUM OPINION

          Debbie Ann Duchaine appeals from her conviction on her plea of guilty without a plea agreement on a charge of criminally negligent homicide. The court assessed punishment at one year of confinement in a state jail facility. She contends on appeal that the trial court's practice of refusing to accept any plea agreement denied her equal protection under the law because this removes options provided to her by the Legislature in Article 26.13 and that the evidence was legally and factually insufficient to support the conviction.

          The record reflects the State and Duchaine had informally agreed and recommended to the court that Duchaine be sentenced to two years' community supervision. The court instead sentenced her to one year of confinement.

          At a hearing on Duchaine's motion for new trial, evidence was admitted to show that the 124th Judicial District Court, the court in which Duchaine's case was tried, does not accept formal plea agreements and that its sister court, the 188th Judicial District Court, does, and that a random process is followed in the assignment of criminal cases to those courts, so the court in which any particular case is filed depends simply on the luck of the draw.

          The evidence shows Duchaine was the driver in an automobile accident that resulted in two deaths, that of her nine-year-old daughter and the twelve-year-old daughter of her boyfriend. Duchaine drove from a stop sign and was hit broadside on the passenger side by a pickup truck. Witnesses stated she had not stopped, or had only slowed down. Duchaine stated she had stopped. There is no indication her mental faculties were impaired by the use of any substance. The evidence also shows that this thirty-three-year-old woman was driving despite having never had a driver's license.

          Duchaine contends the policies of the 124th Judicial District Court had the effect of denying her right to equal protection of the law because the court refuses to apply the statutory procedures and protections established in connection with the use of plea agreements.

          A plea agreement, sometimes called a "plea bargain" or "negotiated plea," is the process whereby the accused and the prosecutor in a criminal case work out a mutually satisfactory disposition of the case, subject to court approval. Black's Law Dictionary 1173 (7th ed. 1999). Although statutorily recognized, the accused in a criminal case in Texas has no constitutional or statutory right to engage in plea bargaining with a prosecutor. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 26.13(a)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2004); Perkins v. Court of Appeals, 738 S.W.2d 276, 283 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987); State ex rel. Bryan v. McDonald, 662 S.W.2d 5, 9 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983) (orig. proceeding); Morano v. State, 572 S.W.2d 550, 551 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1978); State v. Bowie, Nos. 12-02-00182-CR, 12-02-00183-CR, 2003 WL 745153, at *2 (Tex. App.‒Tyler Mar. 5, 2003, pet. granted). Thus, a trial judge may, in every case, or in any particular case, refuse to follow plea agreements. McDonald, 662 S.W.2d at 9; Morano, 572 S.W.2d at 551. Accordingly, no right exists that would be violated by the court's decision not to follow plea agreements.

          Further, in order for this Court to be able to consider equal protection claims, a timely objection must be made that will preserve the claim for review. Saldano v. State, 70 S.W.3d 873, 891 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002); Todd v. State, 911 S.W.2d 807, 813 (Tex. App.‒El Paso 1995, no pet.). No timely objection was made; thus, the matter is not properly before this Court for review. These contentions of error are overruled.

          Duchaine also contends the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the verdict. Duchaine pled guilty before the court. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 1.15 (Vernon Supp. 2004) requires the state to introduce sufficient evidence into the record to support a guilty plea. See Williams v. State, 674 S.W.2d 315, 319 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984) (noting no evidence need be entered when appellant pleads guilty before jury; evidence necessary for guilty plea before court only); Schumacher v. State, 72 S.W.3d 43, 51 (Tex. App.‒Texarkana 2001, pet. ref'd); Addicks v. State, 15 S.W.3d 608, 612 (Tex. App.‒Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet. ref'd).

          In reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence, we view the relevant evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict and look to see whether a rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); see Johnson v. State, 23 S.W.3d 1, 7 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). In our review, we must evaluate all the evidence in the record, both direct and circumstantial, whether admissible or inadmissible. Dewberry v. State, 4 S.W.3d 735, 740 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999).

          In contrast, a factual sufficiency review dictates the evidence be viewed in a neutral light, favoring neither party. Johnson, 23 S.W.3d at 7. In determining the factual sufficiency of the evidence to establish the elements of the offense, we view all the evidence in a neutral light and set aside the verdict only if it is so contrary to the overwhelming weight of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust. Id.; Graham v. State, 96 S.W.3d 658, 662 (Tex. App.‒Texarkana 2003, pet. ref'd).

          In this case, the conviction is supported by evidence in the form of written statements by Duchaine, including a judicial confession, and two other individuals that she had failed to abide by the stop sign at the intersection. The police report and accident reconstruction report were introduced to show the chain of events that resulted in the crash and the resultant deaths. We find the evidence both legally and factually sufficient to support the judgment.

          We affirm the judgment.

                                                                           Donald R. Ross

                                                                           Justice

Date Submitted:      October 28, 2003

Date Decided:         November 14, 2003

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