Allstate Insurance Company v. Century Bank, N.A.

In The

Court of Appeals

Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana

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No. 06-03-00140-CV

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ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY, Appellant

V.

CENTURY BANK, N.A., Appellee

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On Appeal from the County Court at Law

Bowie County, Texas

Trial Court No. 02C1716-CCL

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Before Morriss, C.J., Ross and Carter, JJ.

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Carter

MEMORANDUM OPINION

            This is an appeal brought by Allstate Insurance Company. The sequence of events follows: Century Bank, N.A., sued John Rufus Murdock, III, for indebtedness. Century Bank obtained a judgment against Murdock, signed January 29, 2003. Before entry of that judgment, on December 9, 2002, Century Bank joined Allstate seeking a writ and judgment of garnishment against Allstate in order to recover funds held by Allstate (Murdock's former employer) on Murdock's behalf. A motion for default judgment against Allstate was filed April 2, 2003. The judgment against Allstate was signed April 21, 2003.

            Allstate made a last-minute effort to file a document labeled as a "supplemental" answer (although no "original" answer appears in this record), which it sent by facsimile April 18. It appears that the faxed document was sent to the wrong office, and it was not filed in the clerk's office until receipt—after the judgment was rendered—April 22, 2003. Allstate followed up that same date by mail, with a copy of that document that was actually filed April 22, 2003, several hours before the faxed copy made its way into the hands of the clerk.

            Allstate filed no post-verdict motions and did not file its notice of appeal until September 26, 2003. The appeal is therefore a restricted appeal, pursuant to Tex. R. App. P. 26.1(c). A direct attack on a judgment by a restricted appeal must: (1) be brought within six months after the trial court signs the judgment; (2) by a party to the suit; (3) who did not participate in the actual trial; and (4) the error complained of must be apparent from the face of the record. See Tex. R. App. P. 45; Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 51.013 (Vernon 1997); DSC Fin. Corp. v. Moffitt, 815 S.W.2d 551 (Tex. 1991). Review by a restricted appeal affords an appellant the same scope of review as an ordinary appeal, that is, a review of the entire case. See Gunn v. Cavanaugh, 391 S.W.2d 723, 724 (Tex. 1965). The only restriction on the scope of review through a restricted appeal is that the error must appear on the face of the record. See Gen. Elec. Co. v. Falcon Ridge Apartments, Joint Venture, 811 S.W.2d 942, 943 (Tex. 1991). The face of the record, for purposes of a restricted appeal, consists of all the papers on file in the appeal, including the statement of facts. Moffitt, 815 S.W.2d at 551.

            Our review is limited to the record as it existed before the trial court at the time the default judgment was rendered. Armstrong v. Minshew, 768 S.W.2d 883, 884 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1989, no writ); see also Laidlaw Waste Sys., Inc. v. Wallace, 944 S.W.2d 72 (Tex. App.—Waco 1997, writ denied); Gerdes v. Marion State Bank, 774 S.W.2d 63 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1989, writ denied) (record cannot be changed after the defaulting party has perfected a writ of error).

            Allstate contends the trial court erred by entering a default judgment despite its timely filing of an answer by facsimile. The argument fails. Electronic filing of documents is only permitted by order of the Texas Supreme Court approving systems put in place by courts for electronic or facsimile filing, or by its approval of local rules permitting such filings. See Tex. Gov't Code Ann. §§ 51.801–.807 (Vernon 1998). In this case, there is no showing that any such order exists or that local rules in Bowie County permit such a filing. Accordingly, Allstate's attempt to present the document for filing by facsimile transmission is without effect.

            Allstate's argument that error is shown on the face of the record because an answer was on file is thus without support and is overruled.

            Allstate also argues that, even if the document was not filed, we should nevertheless overturn the default judgment because any failure to properly file the answer was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference. In so doing, Allstate argues we should apply the Craddock standard that is typically applied to appellate review of motions for new trial following default. To grant a motion for new trial, the court must determine that: (1) the defendant's failure to answer before judgment was not intentional or the result of conscious indifference on the defendant's part, but was due to a mistake or accident; (2) the motion for new trial sets up a meritorious defense; and (3) the motion is filed at a time when its granting would not result in a delay or otherwise injure the plaintiff. Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, Inc., 134 Tex. 388, 133 S.W.2d 124, 126 (1939); Pessel v. Jenkins, 125 S.W.3d 807, 810 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2004, no pet.).

            Allstate argues we should apply part one of that analysis to determine whether the trial court erred by granting a default judgment. There is no authority to support this type of analysis. In Spears v. Brown, 567 S.W.2d 544 (Tex. Civ. App.—Texarkana 1978, writ ref'd n.r.e.), which Allstate cites as support for its position, we reviewed the refusal of the trial court to grant a motion for new trial. In Dickerson v. Sonat Exploration Co., 975 S.W.2d 339 (Tex. App.—Tyler 1998, pet. denied), a trial court mailed dismissal notices to the wrong address. This was an error reflected on the face of the record, which supported a reversal, not under the Craddock test, but under the general rule for review under a restricted appeal.

            Under the rules for analyzing a restricted appeal, we must look at the record as it existed at the time the default was granted. At that time, no answer was on file. Error has not been shown.

            Allstate also argues that the judgment should be reversed because the divorce between Murdock and his ex-wife awarded most of the funds that it owed Murdock to her, and thus the amount was not recoverable by Century Bank because Murdock no longer had any rights to those funds. The problem with this argument is that the divorce decree does not appear in the record of this case and was not referenced by anything before the trial court at the time it rendered judgment. That information did appear in the "supplemental" answer. The simple problem is: that was not before the court. It could have been tendered as part of a motion for new trial, at which point we would be applying the Craddock formulation to determine whether the trial court erred by overruling the motion for new trial. None was filed.

            All of Allstate's contentions rest on its first contention that the answer was timely filed and before the trial court when it rendered the default. It was not timely filed and was not before the court. Error has not been shown.

            We affirm the judgment.

                                                                        Jack Carter

                                                                        Justice

Date Submitted:          June 3, 2004

Date Decided:             June 4, 2004

an>            Nevertheless, the Roper opinion is directed not at life imprisonment, or even life imprisonment without parole, but at the ultimate penalty, death. Imprisonment, even for life, is not in the same category as capital punishment, and no compelling reason has been advanced that convinces us to further expand the Eighth Amendment. The contention of error is overruled.

            We affirm the judgment.

                                                                                    Josh R. Morriss, III

                                                                                    Chief Justice

Date Submitted:          August 17, 2005

Date Decided:             August 31, 2005

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