DocketNumber： 01-01-00479-CR
Filed Date： 8/1/2002
Status： Precedential
Modified Date： 9/2/2015
Opinion issued August 1, 2002
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
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NOS. 01-01-00479-CR
01-01-00480-CR
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TOMMY LEE GOUDEAU, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 351st District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause Nos. 811161 & 811160
O P I N I O N
The jury convicted appellant, Tommy Lee Goudeau, of two accounts of sexual assault of a child. In both cases, appellant pleaded true to the enhancement allegation of a prior conviction for sexual assault of a child, and the court assessed punishment at two terms of life imprisonment. Appellant's life sentences were ordered to run concurrently. Appellant brings four points of error, arguing the court erred by: (1) allowing the State to prove that appellant's wife [Aunt Tina] pleaded guilty to her participation in the victim's (T.R.) sexual abuse and that she was then on probation for that offense at the time of appellant's trial; (2) allowing the State to show that Aunt Tina pleaded guilty to failing to report child abuse; (3) allowing the State to admit Dr. Margaret McNeese's expert testimony that T.R. suffered penile penetration by appellant; and (4) failing to excise portions of the medical records that did not comply with Texas Rule of Evidence 803(6). We affirm.
Facts
T.R., a six-year-old girl, testified that she was sexually assaulted by appellant during Christmas of 1998 and again on Easter of 1999. (1) T.R. was then living with her grandmother, Ms. Riles, who was absent during T.R.'s visit to appellant's house. T.R. testified appellant entered the room while she was sleeping on a couch and asked her to pull her pants down. T.R. further testified that appellant put his "private part" into her "back private part." The record shows that appellant again sexually assaulted T.R. the following day. T.R. stated Aunt Tina walked into the room and observed appellant sexually assaulting her.
Ms. Riles indicated that, while returning home from appellant's house, T.R. was withdrawn, and "this was not ordinary behavior." Later that evening, Ms. Riles noticed that T.R.'s bath water was irritating to T.R.'s vaginal area. Ms. Riles inspected T.R. to determine the specific source of discomfort and found T.R.'s vagina was "red, chafe-like, and swollen."
That evening, T.R. was reluctant to talk about her experience, but she said "Uncle Tommy [appellant] did it again." Ms. Riles testified that T.R. stated appellant had turned her "back ways" and had tried to put his "private" into her. T.R. further explained to Ms. Riles that, "something white" came out on her and he [appellant] wiped it off. Ms. Riles testified that T.R. looked nervous, was crying, and kept placing her hands in her mouth.
Ms. Riles took T.R. to the Children's Assessment Center (CAC) for an examination. T.R. told Dr. McNeese, the pediatrician who examined her, that she was sexually abused by appellant. Dr. McNeese observed multiple abnormalities to T.R.'s genital area, including exceptionally red tissue around T.R.'s vagina. She also noted that T.R. had a disrupted anus and scarring. Even if T.R. had not referred to her sexual- abuse incident, Dr. McNeese testified she would still have concluded that T.R. was the victim of some "penetrating trauma to her anus."
Discussion
Failure to Object
Appellant, in point of error one, argues that the trial court erred in allowing the State to show that Aunt Tina, who did not testify at appellant's trial, pleaded guilty to her participation in the sexual abuse of T.R. and that she was then on probation for that offense at the time of appellant's trial. In support of his argument, appellant points to the following testimony:
State: Would you-can you think of any reason-let me ask you this: Was T.R. close to your daughter Tina [Aunt Tina]?
Witness: Very close.
State: She loved Tina a lot, didn't she?
Witness: Yes, she did.
State: And since these allegations have come out she has not been able to-should not have been able to have any contact with your daughter, is that correct?
Witness: That's what I was told, that is correct.
State: You know that your daughter pled guilty to failing to report child abuse?
Defense counsel: I object to all that as not being relevant.
Court: Overruled.
Defense counsel: Object as hearsay, your Honor.
Court: Overruled. Answer the question if you know, sir. You may answer the question if you know the answer.
Defense counsel: Also object I have no confrontation rights on that either.
Court: Overruled.
Witness: May I hear the question again?
State: Sure. Do you know that your daughter pled guilty to failing to report child abuse?
Witness: I know my daughter was forced to plead guilty . . . .
State: Let me ask you this: Do you know that she pled guilty to failing to report child abuse? That's a yes or no.
Witness: I can't answer that yes or no. Rephrase the question again.
State: Did she plead guilty to failing to report child abuse?
Witness: You want me to answer yes or no. It was-
State: Did she plead guilty?
Witness: I was in court with her. I went to the court the day that they gave her a choice in order to say yes she was guilty. I was in the courtroom.
State: And the choice they gave her was she could plead not guilty and have a jury trial like we're in now or plead guilty and be sentenced by the Court, is that correct?
Witness: No.
State: Okay. Did they put a gun to her head and force she [sic] plead guilty?
Witness: Well, not a gun, but words. And similarity of saying that, either/or.
State: Either you go to a jury trial or plead guilty, is that correct?
Witness: Either/or and you're in denial. I heard that statement from sitting where I was.
State: Okay. And she's on probation right now for that, is that correct?
Witness: That's correct.
If, on appeal, a defendant claims the trial judge erred in admitting evidence offered by the State, this error must have been preserved by a proper objection and an adverse ruling on that objection. Tex. R. App. P. 33.1; Tex. R. Evid. 103(a). Texas law requires a party to continuously object each time inadmissible evidence is offered. Ethington v. State, 819 S.W.2d 854, 858 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). In Hudson v. State, 675 S.W.2d 507 (Tex. Crim. App. 1984), Judge McCormick stated, "[d]espite the improper form and content of the question, it is well settled that an error in admission of evidence is cured where the same evidence comes in elsewhere without objection; defense counsel must object every time allegedly inadmissible evidence is offered." Id. at 511.
The two exceptions to the "contemporaneous objection" set forth in Texas Rule of Evidence 103(a) include: (1) the running objection, which requires counsel to timely assert a continuous objection stating the specific grounds for the ruling, unless the specific grounds were apparent from context of the objection and (2) lodging an objection to all testimony counsel deems objectionable on a given subject at one time outside the jury's presence. Ethington, 819 S.W.2d at 859.
In this case, appellant lodged several consecutive objections at trial when the State asked its witness, "You know that your daughter [Aunt Tina] pled guilty to failing to report child abuse?" However, appellant failed to object when the State continued its questions regarding Aunt Tina's guilty plea. Because appellant did not continue to object to the State's questions about Aunt Tina's guilty plea, and did not assert either exception to the contemporaneous objection, he has waived his argument on appeal.
We overrule point of error one.
Leading Question
In point of error two, appellant argues that the trial court erred in allowing the State to show that Aunt Tina, who did not testify at trial, pleaded guilty to her involvement in a sexual-abuse incident. In response, the State argues that the trial court committed no error by overruling appellant's objection.
The State asked its witness, "Do you know-are you aware that Tina Goudeau [Aunt Tina] pled guilty to [sic]." Appellant objected to this incomplete question as leading. The trial court overruled the objection and instructed the witness to answer the question; the witness answered, "yes, I was aware of that."
To determine if the trial court erred in overruling appellant's objection, we must first decide whether the question was in fact leading. A leading question is one which instructs the witness how to answer or puts words into the witness's mouth to be echoed back. Gab Business Serv., Inc. v. Moore, 829 S.W.2d 345, 351 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 1992, no writ). The mere fact that a question may be answered by a simple "yes" or "no" will not always render it an impermissibly leading question. Newsome v. State, 829 S.W.2d 260, 269 (Tex. App.--Dallas 1992, no pet.).
The incomplete question to which appellant objected neither instructs the witness how to answer nor places words in the witness's mouth. Likewise, the fact that the State's question may be answered by a simple "yes" or "no" does not render it an impermissibly leading question. Accordingly, we find that the State did not lead its witness.
We overrule point of error two.
Cumulative Evidence
Appellant argues, in point of error three, that the trial court erred in admitting Dr. McNeese's expert testimony that T.R. suffered penile penetration by appellant. Dr. McNeese kept medical records of T.R.'s treatment during her examination at the CAC. Those records, including T.R.'s statements about her sexual assault, were entered into evidence, over defense counsel's objection. When asked about the victim's statements contained in the record, Dr. McNeese read the following:
Patient with history of penile penetration by Uncle Tommy. Last episode on Easter Sunday, 1999. Patient taken to Texas Children's Hospital, told had positive findings. To date, records have not been located. Physical exam reveals intense hyperemia of perihymeneal sulci with anal scar at 1 o'clock and increase of anal spasm and decreased stellate pattern superiorly. History coupled with physical findings suggestive anal abuse.
Appellant argues that the phrase, "patient with history of anal penetration by Uncle Tommy," is not a medical opinion and thus should not have been allowed as evidence. However, even if we were to hold the trial court erred by allowing the statement into evidence, the admission of the medical record was rendered harmless by the introduction of the same or similar evidence without objection. Huff v. State, 560 S.W.2d 652, 653 (Tex. Crim App. 1978); see also Chamberlain v. State, 998 S.W.2d 230, 235 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999) (it is well established that questions regarding admission of evidence are rendered moot if same evidence is elsewhere introduced without objection).
On two separate occasions, both T.R. and Ms. Riles testified, without objection, appellant sexually assaulted T.R. Dr. McNeese's medical records echoed similar testimony previously offered by T.R. and Ms. Riles. Therefore, we find Dr. McNeese's testimony to be cumulative and thus, appellant failed to show harm.
We overrule point of error three.
Mismatching Objections
Appellant, in point of error four, argues that the trial court erred in failing to excise portions of the medical records that did not comply with Texas Rule of Evidence 803(6). Appellant complains "that the State should not be allowed to place inadmissible, incorrect hearsay into a medical record and then have it become admissible just because it was placed within an otherwise admissible record."
Appellant has waived his argument on appeal because his trial objection fails to comport with his argument on appeal. Ramirez v. State, 815 S.W.2d 636, 645 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). The relevant testimony is as follows:
Dr. McNeese: [M]y uncle because he put his thing in me, Texas Children's Hospital Easter '99, examined her-could tell she was tampered with given antibiotic and called grandmother [sic].
State: The questions-and was she [T.R.] answering the questions or was someone else there?
Dr. McNeese: I'm assuming someone else was there with me. I had no memory of that. It's been some time.
Defense counsel: I object. If they're going into something somebody is not here [sic], is not present for cross-examination may have stated, they can [sic] present that to the jury as a fact.
Court: Overruled.
An objection raised on appeal will not be considered if it varies from the objection made at trial. Santellan v. State, 939 S.W.2d 155, 171 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997); Coffey v. State, 796 S.W.2d 175, 179 (Tex. Crim. App. 1990). Apparently, appellant objected to the above testimony at trial based on the hearsay comment of an unidentified person. However, for the first time on appeal, appellant objected that the trial court erred in failing to excise portions of the medical records that did not comply with Texas Rule of Evidence 803(6). This mismatching of appellant's objections is insufficient to preserve error. Coffey, 796 S.W.2d 179.
We overrule point of error four.
Conclusion
We affirm the trial court's judgments.
Sherry J. Radack
Justice
Panel consists of Chief Justice Schneider and Justices Nuchia and Radack.
Do not publish. Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
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