Jorge Falcon v. Texas Public Safety Commission

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-16-00072-CV
Jorge Falcon, Appellant
v.
Texas Public Safety Commission, Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 126TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. D-1-GN-13-002387, HONORABLE STEPHEN YELENOSKY, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant Jorge Falcon was employed as a State Trooper with the Department of
Public Safety when he was accused of inappropriate conduct during a traffic stop in March 2011.
The Department investigated the allegations and decided to terminate Falcon’s employment. Falcon
appealed to the Texas Public Safety Commission, which upheld the Department’s decision, and
Falcon filed suit for judicial review. Following a hearing, the trial court affirmed the Commission’s
order, and Falcon appealed to this Court. Falcon raises two issues on appeal, both of which involve
the propriety of the Commission’s decision to deny his motion for continuance. We affirm the trial
court’s judgment.
Procedural Background
On April 10, 2013, in anticipation of the Commission hearing scheduled for April 16,
2013, Falcon filed a Motion for Continuance stating in its entirety:
COMES NOW, Trooper Jorge Falcon, Appellant, by and through his attorney of
record TERRY CANALES, and files this his Motion for Continuance. This matter
is set to be heard on Tuesday, April 16, 2013, [sic] Appellant retained attorney Terry
Canales as co-counsel. Mr. Canales is the elected member to the Texas House of
Representatives for District 40, and he is currently attending the 83rd legislative
session in Austin. The last day of the regular session of the Legislature is May 27,
2013. Because of his legislative duties, Mr. Canales is unable to prepare for or
participate in the appeal hearing scheduled for April 16, 2013. Therefore, Appellant
requests a continuance of his appeal hearing until a date at least 30 days after the end
of the legislative session.
Furthermore, this motion is not filed for delay or any improper purpose, but so justice
will be served.
WHEREFORE PREMISES CONSIDERED, the Appellant requests that this motion
be granted.
Attached to the motion was an affidavit by Canales, which stated in its entirety, “I am the attorney
for Jorge Falcon, Appellant in this cause; I have read the above and it is all true and correct.” The
Department did not file a response to the motion for continuance.
At the hearing, the motion was discussed at length by the commissioners; Canales;
Canales’s co-counsel, John Snider; and the Commission’s counsel, Phillip Adkins. Canales, who
lived in the same area of Texas as Falcon, asserted that he had been hired by Falcon on April 9, 2012,
that he had met numerous times with Falcon, and that he had attended meetings and a polygraph test
related to the case. Snider said that he did not live near Falcon and had met with him only once.
However, he also said that he was prepared to proceed with the hearing and that he had appeared as
Falcon’s attorney in an earlier related hearing. Adkins told the commissioners that the hearing was
originally set for September 4, 2012, but that John Herring, Falcon’s attorney at the time and a
member of Snider’s law firm, had sought and received a continuance, noting that Herring’s motion
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had not mentioned that any other attorneys were also representing Falcon. Adkins opined that the
legislative continuance statute did not apply to Commission hearings and that a decision on the
motion was therefore up to the commissioners’ discretion. The presiding commissioner stated:
It’s my understanding that to grant a continuance is discretionary. And as the presiding
officer, I decline to grant an additional continuance. A prior continuance has been
granted at the employee’s request. The complaining witness has traveled several
hours to testify today and both sides have announced ready. Representative Canales,
we don’t take this lightly and we have heard your concerns. We respect your service.
But you have capable co-counsel who’s done an extraordinary job in the past, and
we feel your client is very well represented, and we’re ready to move forward.
After the Commission upheld his termination, Falcon filed a petition for judicial
review complaining (1) of the Commission’s denial of his motion for continuance; (2) that the
Commission had denied him the ability to present crucial evidence, thus denying him a fair trial; and
(3) that the evidence was insufficient to support the Commission’s findings. The trial court held a
hearing and signed a judgment affirming the Commission’s order. Falcon then filed this appeal.
Standard of Review
An officer discharged by the Department is entitled to a hearing before the
Commission, which affirms or sets aside his termination based on the evidence. Tex. Gov’t Code
§ 411.007(f). If the Commission affirms, the former officer may seek judicial review under the
substantial-evidence standard. Id. In its review, the trial court “may not substitute its judgment for
the judgment of the state agency on the weight of the evidence on questions committed to agency
discretion.” Id. § 2001.174. A reviewing court should ask not whether the agency reached the correct
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conclusion but whether the record contains sufficient evidence to support the agency’s action.
Larimore v. Employees Ret. Sys., 208 S.W.3d 511, 522 (Tex. App.—Austin 2006, pet. denied).
In relevant part, section 30.003 of the civil practice and remedies code, governing
legislative continuances, provides:
(a) This section applies to any criminal or civil suit, including matters of probate, and
to any matters ancillary to the suit that require action by or the attendance of an
attorney, including appeals but excluding temporary restraining orders.
(b) Except as provided by Subsections (c) and (c-1) [not relevant to this case], at any
time within 30 days of a date when the legislature is to be in session, at any time
during a legislative session, or when the legislature sits as a constitutional convention,
the court on application shall continue a case in which a party applying for the
continuance or the attorney for that party is a member or member-elect of the
legislature and will be or is attending a legislative session. The court shall continue
the case until 30 days after the date on which the legislature adjourns.
***
(d) The party seeking the continuance must file with the court an affidavit stating the
grounds for the continuance. The affidavit is proof of the necessity for a continuance.
The affidavit need not be corroborated.
(e) If the member of the legislature is an attorney for a party, the affidavit must
contain a declaration that it is the attorney’s intention to participate actively in the
preparation or presentation of the case and that the attorney has not taken the case for
the purpose of obtaining a continuance under this section.
Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 30.003.
Discussion
On appeal, Falcon complains (1) that the trial court erred in “considering alleged
deficiencies in Falcon’s Motion for Legislative Continuance, not raised before the Commission,”
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and (2) that any alleged deficiencies in his motion “were raised without objection before the
Commission, and therefore tried by consent.”
First, we address Falcon’s assertion that the trial court “ruled that [Falcon’s] motion
for legislative continuance was mandatory, but nevertheless affirmed the Commission’s holding
that the motion was deficient.” The trial court’s final judgment, signed four days after its hearing,
states only that, “[a]fter considering the parties[’] briefs, the administrative record and arguments
of counsel, the Court orders that the Texas Public Safety Commission’s order is AFFIRMED.” In
a separate letter to counsel dated on the same day, the trial court explained why it believed that
“[t]he 3rd and the 14th Court opinions are not in conflict,”1 concluding that “the statute did mandate
the Commission to grant the legislative continuance if it had been properly requested. But it was
not.” It is this letter that Falcon incorrectly characterizes as the trial court’s “written opinion.”
The trial court’s judgment does not provide any explanation for its ruling, the record
does not contain a request for findings of fact and conclusions of law, and the trial court’s letter
does not amount to an “opinion” or to findings of fact as contemplated by the rules. See Cherokee
Water Co. v. Gregg Cty. Appraisal Dist., 801 S.W.2d 872, 878 (Tex. 1990); Holt v. Kelso,
No. 03-11-00258-CV, 2014 WL 858345, at *3 (Tex. App.—Austin Feb. 26, 2014, no pet.) (mem.
op.); Mondragon v. Austin, 954 S.W.2d 191, 193 (Tex. App.—Austin 1997, pet. denied). “Because
no findings of fact and conclusions of law were requested or filed, we must uphold the trial court’s
1
Although the court did not state in its letter which cases it was discussing, it is apparent
from our review of the record that the cases in question were Smith v. Houston Chemical Services,
Inc., 872 S.W.2d 252 (Tex. App.—Austin 1994, writ denied), and Harris County Bail Bond Board
v. Burns, 790 S.W.2d 862 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1990, writ denied).
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judgment on any theory of law applicable to the case,” and we are not limited to the reasoning put
forth in the trial court’s letter. See Mondragon, 954 S.W.2d at 193.
We next turn to the Commission’s denial of Falcon’s motion for continuance. In
Smith v. Houston Chemical Services, Inc., we held that section 30.003 does not apply to administrative
proceedings, noting that “[t]he statute clearly applies to a judicial proceeding in a ‘court,’” and that
an administrative agency, in that case the Texas Water Commission, “is not a court”:
It is simply an administrative agency, exercising executive powers in the executive
branch of government, to which the legislature has delegated power to decide issues
of fact and law in enforcing statutes entrusted to the agency’s administration. The
terms of APA §§ 2001.051-.178 require that these decisions be made, in cases like
the present, in a manner much like a court employs in adjudicating cases within its
judicial power. This similarity of method does not, however, make the agency a
court in any sense. When an agency decides a contested case, it simply decides the
application of a statute to the facts of a case, either directly or through the medium
of the agency’s rules and policies, for purposes of administrative decision-making
and action.
872 S.W.2d 252, 274 (Tex. App.—Austin 1994, writ denied).
On appeal, Falcon does not mention Smith, arguing only that the trial court used
incorrect reasoning to affirm the Commission’s decision, reasoning that we are not limited to
considering in our analysis. See Mondragon, 954 S.W.2d at 193. In his trial-court briefing, Falcon
noted the Smith opinion in passing, saying only that this Court had, “in a one paragraph 18 line
opinion,” held that an administrative agency was not a court and that the legislative continuance
statute did not apply. He discussed at greater length our sister court’s decision in Harris County Bail
Bond Board v. Burns, which held that section 30.003 applied to a bond license revocation because
the board had powers that were “adjudicatory in nature” and made decisions that were “judicial in
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nature.” 790 S.W.2d 862, 864 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1990, writ denied). We decline
to follow Burns over Smith, and we hold once again that section 30.003 does not apply to an
administrative proceeding such as this one. See Smith, 872 S.W.2d at 274.2
The Commission was correct in its conclusion that the granting of Falcon’s request
for a legislative continuance was not mandatory but instead was left to the Commission’s discretion.
The fact that the trial court affirmed the Commission’s decision, apparently basing its decision on
different, albeit incorrect, grounds is of no import. See Larimore, 208 S.W.3d at 522; Mondragon,
954 S.W.2d at 193. The record does not reflect that the Commission’s decision to deny Falcon’s
motion was in any way an abuse of discretion.3
2
See also City of Garland v. Byrd, 97 S.W.3d 601, 606 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2002, pet.
denied) (when Civil Service Commission reviews officer’s suspension, it makes “administrative
decision regarding the discipline of an employee”; although commission’s method “is similar to that
used by courts, the decision itself is not judicial, but an exercise of the supervisory powers delegated
to it by the legislature”; private examiner holding hearing on suspension “stands in the shoes of”
commission, and “[s]imply because the actions taken by the examiner are adjudicatory in nature,
however, does not mean the power being exercised by the examiner is judicial in nature”); Heard
v. Incalcaterra, 702 S.W.2d 272, 275 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1985, writ ref’d n.r.e.)
(holding that Civil Service Commission’s enforcement of deputy’s dismissal “is not a power that is
primarily judicial in nature” but is “committed by the legislature to the commission, allowing for
the sound judgment and administration of that matter by the commission”).
3
Because section 30.003 did not apply to this administrative proceeding, we need not
address Falcon’s arguments that the deficiencies in his motion and affidavit were waived or “tried
by consent.” However, we note that Canales did not declare in his affidavit that he intended to
participate actively in the preparation or presentation of the case or that he had not taken the case for
the purpose of obtaining a continuance under this section. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 30.003(e).
Nor did the motion include such statements. Thus, on its face, this motion and attached affidavit
would be insufficient to trigger the mandatory legislative continuance under section 30.003, even
if the statute applied. See In re Ford Motor Co., 165 S.W.3d 315, 318 (Tex. 2005) (“when a
lawyer-legislator is retained more than thirty days before the date a civil case is set for trial, a trial
court lacks discretion to deny a properly requested motion for legislative continuance” (emphasis
added)); Burkhart v. State, 26 S.W.2d 238, 239 (Tex. Crim. App. 1930) (op. on reh’g) (defendant
not entitled to continuance where affidavit stated only that defendant “earnestly desire[d] the active
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Conclusion
The Commission was correct in concluding that the granting of a motion for
legislative continuance is discretionary in an administrative proceeding. See Smith, 872 S.W.2d
at 274. We affirm the trial court’s judgment affirming the Commission’s decision.
__________________________________________
David Puryear, Justice
Before Justices Puryear, Pemberton, and Field
Affirmed
Filed: August 24, 2016
participation in the trial” of attorney who was in legislature); In re I.E.F., 345 S.W.3d 637, 638-39
(Tex. App.—San Antonio 2011, orig. proceeding) (motion was defective and did not give rise to
duty to grant continuance because it did not include declaration required by section 30.003(e)); First
Interstate Bank of Texas, N.A. v. Burns, 951 S.W.2d 237, 240 (Tex. App.—Austin 1997, no pet.)
(“To obtain a continuance, the legislator must present an affidavit to the adjudicating tribunal stating
he or she intends to participate actively in the case and has not taken the case for purposes of
delay.”); Ojeda v. State, 916 S.W.2d 609, 610 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1996, pet. ref’d) (“If properly
requested, a legislative continuance is mandatory.” (emphasis added)). Even if section 30.003 was
applicable, the motion did not satisfy the statute’s requirements, and the Department did not
somehow waive the deficiencies, thus transforming the deficient motion into a “properly requested”
motion, by not filing a written response.
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