Raquel Rios v. Javier Vega

NUMBER 13-04-102-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG

RAQUEL RIOS, Appellant,

v.

JAVIER VEGA AND

IRMA P. VEGA, Appellees.

On appeal from the 197th District Court of Cameron County, Texas.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices Yañez, Castillo and Garza Memorandum Opinion by Justice Yañez

Appellant, Raquel Rios, sued appellees, Javier Vega and Irma P. Vega (collectively "the Vegas"), to recover money they allegedly owed her. Following a bench trial, the trial court rendered a take-nothing judgment against Rios. On appeal, Rios asserts that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the judgment. We affirm.

Background ⁽¹⁾

On February 26, 1993, Rios executed a real estate lien note to the Vegas for the sum of $58,600, as the balance owed on the purchase price on forty acres in Cameron County, Texas. After a number of partial payments, Rios reduced the balance owed to $13,000. Around this time, Rios sold a three-acre tract to Ernesto Villalon in exchange for a real estate lien note with a face value of $20,000. Rios then fully assigned the note to the Vegas to satisfy the remaining $13,000 owed and to acquire a release of lien. The assignment and release of lien were carried out and made effective contemporaneously. Rios later asserted that she was entitled to reimbursement from the Vegas because the assignment placed the amount paid by her above the contracted for amount. This suit subsequently followed.

Standard Of Review

A "no evidence" standard of review is applied when the party without the burden of proof challenges a finding of fact by arguing that the evidence is legally insufficient to support the finding. ⁽²⁾ Under a legal sufficiency standard, reviewing courts must consider all evidence which is favorable to the trial court's verdict, indulging every reasonable inference in favor of the judgment. ⁽³⁾ The findings are legally sufficient if they are supported by more than a scintilla of evidence. ⁽⁴⁾

Courts reviewing findings under a factual sufficiency standard must consider and weigh all of the evidence, and set aside the verdict only if the findings are so contrary to the great weight and preponderance of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust. ⁽⁵⁾

Analysis

The financial transactions between Rios and the Vegas were handled by Alicia Pardo, a title company employee. Pardo testified that situations exist in which a debtor, for the purpose of acquiring a release of lien, assigns a creditor a note with a value that exceeds the amount owed. According to Pardo, only two documents are needed to facilitate such a transaction, one signifying a transfer of lien and the other a release of lien. In the event that a debtor makes an assignment with the intent of being reimbursed money paid in excess, which Pardo described as being "very rare" in occurrence, then a deed of trust is needed to evidence that intent. ⁽⁶⁾ The evidence at trial revealed that Rios and the Vegas only entered into a transfer of lien and a release of lien, not a deed of trust. Pardo further testified that Rios told her that she wanted a release of lien in exchange for assigning the $20,000 note to the Vegas, but at no time during the transaction did Rios state that she expected a reimbursement. Lastly, Pardo testified that the Vegas were not obligated to accept Rios' $20,000 note as satisfaction for the $13,000 still owed to them. The Vegas' acceptance, however, was a necessity for Rios because Villalon made his purchase of the three-acre tract dependent upon Rios' ability to provide him with clear title.

Javier Vega testified it was his understanding that Rios assigned the $20,000 note in exchange for being credited for full payment on the debt owed and being given a release of lien; he also testified that during the transaction Rios never informed him that she anticipated being reimbursed any amount of money. Javier stated he would not have agreed to the assignment had it been conditioned upon him reimbursing Vega for the difference between the note's face value and the amount owed on the lien.

After reviewing the release of lien and assignment agreements, we find the terms contained therein to be unambiguous. When contract terms are unambiguous and do not conflict with the law, those terms establish the parties' rights under the contract. ⁽⁷⁾ Accordingly, the assignment and release of lien afforded Rios the right to be released from the lien she executed, and the Vegas had an unmitigated right to the proceeds stemming from the assigned $20,000 note. Based on all the evidence, we believe that these rights accurately reflect the intentions of Rios and the Vegas at the time they finalized the agreements. ⁽⁸⁾

Rios did not argue mistake of fact as a basis for recovery, so that issue is not before us. ⁽⁹⁾ At trial, as on appeal, Rios simply asserted that no additional agreement was needed to evidence her right to be reimbursed money paid in excess; this is because the note she executed specified that she owed the Vegas $58,600 and the evidence shows that she overpaid this amount when she assigned the $20,000 note. This assertion fails, however, because we believe the release of lien and assignment, though not referred as such by the parties, operated as an implied accord and satisfaction, i.e., the parties agreed to the discharge of an existing obligation in a manner other than in accordance with the terms of their original contract or agreement. ⁽¹⁰⁾ Accordingly, we find that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support the trial court's finding.

The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.  

LINDA REYNA YAÑEZ,

Justice

Memorandum opinion delivered and filed

this the 21st day of December, 2006.  

1. As this is a memorandum opinion and the parties are familiar with the facts, we will not recite them here except as necessary to explain the Court's decision and the basic reasons for it. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.

2. Hickey v. Couchman, 797 S.W.2d 103, 109 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 1990, writ denied) (citing Croucher v. Croucher, 660 S.W.2d 55, 58 (Tex. 1983)).

3. Associated Indem. Corp. v. CAT Contracting, 964 S.W.2d 276, 285-86 (Tex. 1998); Edwards v. Pena, 38 S.W.3d 191, 196 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2001, no pet.).

4. Formosa Plastics Corp. USA v. Presidio Eng'rs and Contractors, Inc., 960 S.W.2d 41, 48 (Tex. 1998); Adams v. H&H Meat Prods., Inc., 41 S.W.3d 762, 770 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2001, no pet.).

5. Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175, 176 (1986); Krishnan v. Ramirez, 42 S.W.3d 205, 211-12 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2001, pet. denied).

6. Pardo testified that she would have prepared a deed of trust if she knew Rios wanted a reimbursement.

7. Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, Pa. v. CBI Indus., 907 S.W.2d 517, 520 (Tex. 1995).

8. "Parties to a contract are bound by its plain terms and their intentions are to be ascertained from the language of the contract itself and not from what they supposed it to contain." Bifano v. Econo Builders, Inc., 401 S.W.2d 670, 676 (Tex. Civ. App.-Dallas 1966, writ ref'd n.r.e.) (quoting Magnolia Petroleum Co. v. Storm, 239 S.W.2d 437, 440 (Tex. Civ. App. 1950, writ ref'd n.r.e.)).

9. See R.G. McClung Cotton Co. v. Cotton Concentration Co., 479 S.W.2d 733, 743 n.3 (Tex. Civ. App.-Dallas 1972, writ ref'd n.r.e.) (reflecting that plaintiff did not claim payments made under mistake of fact, so question not before court).

10. See generally Avary v. Bank of Am., N.A., 72 S.W.3d 779, 788 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2002, pet. denied).