Wilford Earl Hall, Jr. v. State

In The
Court of Appeals
Seventh District of Texas at Amarillo
No. 07-18-00166-CR
WILFORD EARL HALL, JR., APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
On Appeal from the 54th District Court
McLennan County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2016-87-C2 (Counts I - X), Honorable Matt Johnson, Presiding
January 2, 2019
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and PIRTLE, JJ.
Appellant Wilford Earl Hall, Jr. was convicted by a jury of four counts of aggravated
sexual assault of a child younger than fourteen,1 five counts of sexual assault of a child
younger than seventeen,2 and indecency with a child younger than seventeen by sexual
1 TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.§ 22.021(a)(1)(B) (West Supp. 2018).
2 TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.§ 22.011(a)(2) (West Supp. 2018).
contact.3 Following the convictions, the jury sentenced appellant to life imprisonment for
each count of aggravated sexual assault, twenty years imprisonment for each count of
sexual assault, and twenty years imprisonment for indecency with a child. On appeal,
appellant contends the trial court committed jury charge error causing him egregious
harm. We will affirm the judgments.
Background
Appellant was accused of sexually abusing his daughter, C.M., from age thirteen
to fifteen. C.M. was born in December 1993. Appellant and C.M.’s mother separated
when C.M. was eighteen months old. She lived with her mother after the separation.
C.M. did not see appellant again until a few months before her fourteenth birthday in 2007,
when she was sent to live with appellant. At trial, C.M. testified that appellant sexually
abused her the first day she arrived at his home and continued to abuse her regularly
until she left in November 2009.
Discussion
Appellant claims the trial court reversibly erred by submitting the following jury
instruction: “the State is not bound to prove the exact date alleged in the indictment but
may prove the offenses, if any, to have been committed at any time prior to the filing of
the indictment.” Appellant was indicted on January 20, 2016. He argues the instruction
eliminated the element of the victim’s age from the charge because it allowed the jury to
3 TEX. PENAL CODE ANN.§ 21.11(a)(1) (West Supp. 2018).
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convict without finding that the sexual acts occurred when C.M. was younger than
fourteen or seventeen. Appellant did not object to the purported charge error at trial.
Standard of Review
We review alleged jury charge error using the procedure set out in Almanza v.
State, 686 S.W.2d 157, 171 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985). First, we determine whether a charge
error occurred. Ngo v. State, 175 S.W.3d 738, 743 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). Then, if we
find error, we evaluate whether the error resulted in harm sufficient for reversal. Id.
When we review a charge for alleged error, we examine the charge as a whole
rather than as a series of isolated and unrelated statements. Dinkins v. State, 894 S.W.2d
330, 339 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995). The charge must contain an accurate statement of the
law and set out all the essential elements of the offense. Id.; TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN.
art. 36.14 (West 2007). The abstract paragraphs of the charge assist the jury to
understand the concepts and terms used in the application paragraphs. Crenshaw v.
State, 378 S.W.3d 460, 466 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012). The application paragraphs of the
charge apply the law to the alleged facts. Vasquez v. State, 389 S.W.3d 361, 366-67
(Tex. Crim. App. 2012). Thus, it is the application paragraphs of the charge, not the
abstract portions, that authorize the jury to make the necessary findings for a conviction.
Crenshaw, 378 S.W.3d at 466.
Analysis
Considering the charge in its entirety, we find that it properly instructed the jury on
the nonbinding dates alleged in the indictment and required them to find that each offense
occurred before C.M. reached the applicable statutory age. For aggravated sexual
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assault, the State was required to prove the sexual acts occurred before C.M. was
fourteen. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 22.021(a)(1)(B)(2)(B). For sexual assault and
indecency with a child, the State was required to prove the sexual acts occurred before
C.M. was seventeen. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 22.011(a)(2), (c)(1); 21.11(a).
The charge begins by informing the jury of the allegations in the indictment.
Appellant was indicted on four counts of aggravated sexual assault occurring on or about
October 1, 2007, five counts of sexual assault occurring on or about November 1, 2008,
and indecency with a child occurring on or about November 1, 2008. The charge then
instructed the jury that these dates were not binding but the State could prove the offenses
were committed before the filing of the indictment on January 20, 2016. This instruction
is an accurate statement of the law as the “on or about” language of an indictment allows
the State to prove a date other than the one alleged so long as the date is prior to the
indictment. Sledge v. State, 953 S.W.2d 253, 256 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997).
Next, the application paragraphs for each offense set out the approximate date of
the alleged abuse and the requirement that the jury find that the victim was younger than
fourteen or seventeen when the abuse occurred. For counts one through four, the
application paragraphs required the jury to find that the offense occurred “on or about the
1st day of October, 2007” when C.M. was “younger than fourteen (14) years of age” to
find appellant guilty of the offense. The application paragraphs for counts five through
ten required the jury to find that the offense occurred “on or about the 1st day of
November, 2008” when C.M. was “younger than seventeen (17) years of age” to convict
appellant.
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Thus, despite appellant’s claim, the jury instruction did not eliminate the element
of the victim’s age from the charge. The jurors were required to find that the abuse
occurred before C.M.’s fourteenth birthday for counts one through four and that the abuse
occurred before her seventeenth birthday for counts five through ten to convict appellant.
Accordingly, we find that the court’s charge did not contain error. See Martin v. State,
335 S.W.3d 867, 874 (Tex. App.—Austin 2011, pet. ref’d) (instruction did not create
charge error where application paragraph required jury to find victim was younger than
fourteen when offense occurred); Siedl v. State, No. 11-16-00258-CR, 2018 Tex. App.
LEXIS 7291, at *9 (Tex. App.—Eastland Aug. 31, 2018, no pet.) (mem. op., not
designated for publication) (holding same).
Finding no error, we need not consider whether appellant was harmed. Appellant’s
issue is overruled.
Conclusion
Having overruled appellant’s sole issue, we affirm the judgments of the trial court.
James T. Campbell
Justice
Do not publish.
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