the Estate of Francis W. Sinatra Jr. v. Cynthia Sinatra

ACCEPTED
13-14-00565-CV
THIRTEENTH COURT OF APPEALS
CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS
3/5/2015 8:36:04 PM
DORIAN RAMIREZ
CLERK
NO. 13-14-00565-CV
FILED IN
IN THE THIRTEENTH COURT OF13th
APPEALS
COURT OF APPEALS
CORPUS CHRISTI/EDINBURG, TEXAS
3/5/2015 8:36:04 PM
CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXASDORIAN E. RAMIREZ
Clerk
__________________________________________________________
FRANCIS W. SINATRA
Appellant
v.
CYNTHIA SINATRA,
Appellee
__________________________________________________________
Appealed from the 329th Judicial District Court, Wharton County, Texas
__________________________________________________________
APPELLANT’S BRIEF
__________________________________________________________________
LYNN KURIGER STANTON WARREN COLE
State Bar No. 11767600 State Bar No. 04549500
JENKINS & KAMIN, L.L.P. LAW OFFICE OF WARREN COLE
TWO GREENWAY PLAZA, STE. 600 3355 W. ALABAMA, STE. 825
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77046 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77098
TEL: (713) 600-5500 TEL: (713) 275-4444
FAX: (713) 600-5501 FAX: (713) 400-9144
lstanton@jenkinskamin.com warren@warcolelaw.com
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
FRANCIS W. SINATRA, JR.
ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED
IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL
Appellant
FRANCIS W. SINATRA
Appellant’s Counsel
Warren Cole Lynn Kuriger Stanton
LAW OFFICE OF WARREN COLE JENKINS & KAMIN, L.L.P.
3355 W. Alabama, Suite 825 Two Greenway Plaza, Ste. 600
Houston, TX 77098 Houston, TX 77046
Tel: (713) 275-4444 Tel: (713) 600-5500
Fax: (713) 400-9144 Fax: (713) 600-5501
Email: warren@warcolelaw.com Email: lstanton@jenkinskamin.com
Appellee
CYNTHIA SINATRA
Appellee’s Counsel
Robinson C. Ramsey John C. Maher, Jr.
LANGLEY & BANACK, INC. LAW OFFICE OF JOHN C. MAHER, JR.
Trinity Plaza II, Suite 900 212 E. Burleson Street
745 E. Mulberry Wharton, TX 77488
San Antonio, TX 78212 Tel: (979) 531-0322
Tel: (210) 736-6600 Fax: (979) 531-0355
Fax: (210) 735-6889 johncmaher@sbcglobal.net
rramsey@langleybanack.com
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Identity of Parties and Counsel .............................................................................ii
Table of Contents ..................................................................................................iii
Index of Authorities .............................................................................................viii
Statement of the Case ...........................................................................................xii
Issues Presented.....................................................................................................xiv
Statements of Facts
Overview and Context
Parties, Their Relationship, and This Lawsuit ...............................................1
Relevant Provisions in March 29, 2001 Decree .............................................3
Monies Paid to Cynthia or for Cynthia’s Benefit ..........................................6
Relationship Strained and Deteriorating over Money ....................................7
Summary of the Argument .................................................................................10
Argument and Authorities ...................................................................................15
I. Issue One ......................................................................................................15
The trial court abused its discretion when it ruled that Frank and
Cynthia entered into an informal marriage on or before April 27,
2002, because there is legally insufficient, or alternatively, factually
insufficient evidence to establish the requisite elements: (1) an
agreement to be married; (2) after the agreement, living together in
Texas as husband and wife; and (3) representing to others in Texas
that they are married.
iii
A. Standard of Review ...........................................................................15
B. Texas Family Code § 2.401 ................................................................16
C. Evidence is legally and factually insufficient to prove that
Cynthia and Frank entered into an agreement to be married ............18
D. Evidence is legally and factually insufficient to prove Cynthia
and Frank lived together in this state as husband and wife .............25
E. Evidence is legally and factually insufficient to prove that
Cynthia and Frank held out as husband and wife in a non-social
context such as financial and legal matters; any references to
“husband” and “wife” occurred in a social context ...........................29
II. Issue Two ......................................................................................................33
Because the evidence was legally and factually insufficient to
support the community property character of the Hensal Road
home and the funding into the trust’s bank account which
purchased the home, the trial court erred when it failed to confirm
the Francis W. Sinatra Trust as Frank’s separate property, when
it mischaracterized the funds that had purchased the Hensal Road
house as community property, and when it awarded one-half of the
Hensal Road house to Cynthia.
A. Introduction ........................................................................................33
B. Standard of Review ...........................................................................34
C. Cynthia’s stipulations as to Frank’s separate property were
judicial admissions and relieved Frank of any burden to present
further proof. When the court allowed Cynthia to withdraw her
stipulation at the close of evidence, Frank suffered clearly
prejudicial harm .................................................................................36
D. Applicable rules for separate and community property .....................39
iv
E. Measuring the record evidence against the rules governing
characterization shows the evidence is legally and factually
insufficient to support the trial court findings ...................................40
III. Issue Three ..................................................................................................47
The trial court abused its discretion when it ordered Frank to pay
Cynthia a judgment in the amount of $500,000 to equalize its
division, because there is legally insufficient, or alternatively,
factually insufficient evidence to support the court’s finding that
Frank had possession and control of $1,000,000 in unspent cash and
earnings paid to him during marriage.
A. Standard of Review..............................................................................47
B. There is no evidence to support the finding that Frank has
possession and control of at least $1,000,000 in unspent cash
which was “not revealed or identified” .............................................47
IV. Issue Four ....................................................................................................52
The trial court’s mischaracterization of the Hensal Road house as
community property, together with the equalization judgment of
$500,000, caused the trial court to abuse its discretion in making its
property division where the values of the assets and the equalization
judgment awarded to Cynthia resulted in a manifestly unfair,
unjust, and disproportionate division of the marital estate which is
not “just and right” and which is not supported by legally and
factually sufficient evidence.
A. Standard of Review..............................................................................52
B. The parties accumulated no community estate during the informal
marriage ..............................................................................................53
C. Court’s characterization and equalization created a community
estate which could then be divided ....................................................53
v
D. There is no evidence or factually insufficient evidence to support
the finding that this division is “just and right.” ................................54
V. Issue Five ....................................................................................................55
The trial court abused its discretion when it ordered Frank to pay
Cynthia $5,000 per month, because the evidence is legally
insufficient, or alternatively, factually insufficient to support the
statutory prerequisites for spousal maintenance.
A. Standard of Review .............................................................................55
B. Statutory Provisions ...........................................................................55
C. Distinguishing facts take this case outside the realm of general
spousal maintenance considerations ..................................................56
Prayer for Relief ..................................................................................................59
Certificate of Compliance .....................................................................................60
Certificate of Service ............................................................................................61
Appendix
Final Decree of Divorce, June 26, 2014
Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
Final Consent Decree of Divorce, March 29, 2001
Summary of $$ Paid to-for Cynthia, RX-52
Frank’s Trial Inventory. RX-72
Petitioner’s Exhibits 27 - 31
vi
Texas Family Code, Sec. 2.401
Texas Family Code, Sec. 8.051
Texas Family Code, Sec. 8.052
Texas Family Code, Sec. 8.053
vii
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
Cases
Amador v. Berrospe, 961 S.W.2d 205 (Tex.App.–Houston
[1st Dist.] 1996, writ denied). .....................................................................15
Beaumont Bank, N.A. v. Buller, 806 S.W.2d 223 (Tex. 1991) ..............................15
Bomar Oil and Gas, Inc. v. Loyd, 381 S.W.3d 689
(Tex.App.–Amarillo 2012, pet. denied) ......................................................38
Boyd v. Boyd, 131 S.W.3d 605(Tex.App.–Fort Worth
2004, no p..e..t..)...........................................................................................40, 44
Burden v. Burden, 420 S.W.3d 305
(Tex.App.–Texarkana 2013, no pet.). ................................15,18, 19, 22, 25
Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175 (Tex. 1986)............................................................16
City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802 (Tex. 2005)..........................................16
Davila v. Davila, 2013 WL 53058832 (Tex.App.–
Corpus Christi 2013, pet. denied)(mem.op.) ..............................................35
Diaz v., Diaz, 350 S.W.251 (Tex.App.–San Antonio
2011, no pet.) ................................................................................................55
Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc.,
701 S.W.2d 238(Tex. 1985) .........................................................................39
Eggemeyer v. Eggemeyer, 554 S.W.2d 137(Tex. 1977) ......................................46
Estate of Hanau v. Hanau, 730 S.W.2d 663 (Tex. 1987) ...................................40
Gary v. Gary, 490 S.W.2d 929(Tex.Civ.App.–Tyler
1973, writ ref’d n.r.e.)....................................................................................19
viii
Gulf Construction Co. Inc. v. Self, 676 S.W.2d 624
(Tex.App.–Corpus Christi 1984, writ ref’d n.r.e.) .....................................37
Holloway v. Holloway, 671 S.W.2d 51 (Tex.App.–Dallas
1983, writ dism’d w.o.j.) ...................................................................48
In re McFarland, 176 S.W.3d 650 (Tex.App.–Texarkana
2005, no pet.) ...............................................................................................56
In the Matter of the Marriage of Tandy, 532 S.W.2d 714
(Tex.Civ.App.–Amarillo 1976, no writ) .......................................................45
Landon v. Jean-Paul Budinger, Inc., 724 S.W.2d 931
(Tex.App.–Austin 1987, no writ) .................................................................52
Lewis v. Anderson, 173 S.W.3d 556
(Tex.App.–Dallas 2005, pet. denied..)..........................................18, 20, 23, 32
Massey v. Massey, 807 S.W.2d 391 (Tex.App.–Houston
[1st Dist.] 1991), writ denied at 867 S.W.2d 766 (1993)..........................47, 52
McElwee v. McElwee, 911 S.W.2d 182 (Tex.App.–Houston
[1st Dist.] 1995, writ denied) .......................................................................36
Moroch v.Collins, 174 S.W.3d 849
(Tex.App.–Dallas 2005, pet. denied.)........................................................15, 36
Murff v. Murff, 615 S.W.2d 696 (Tex. 1981).......................................................46
Parr v. State, 2014 WL 69567 (Tex.App.–Corpus Christi 2014,
no pet.)(mem.op.) .........................................................................................39
Russell v. Russell, 865 S.W.2d 929 (Tex. 1993) ..................................................17
Shepherd v. Ledford, 962 S.W.2d 28 (Tex. 1998).................................................37
ix
Sibley v. Sibley, 286 S.W.2d 657 (Tex.Civ.App.–Dallas
1955, writ dism’d) ........................................................................................49
Smith v. Smith, 22 S.W.3d 140 (Tex.App.–Houston
[14th Dist.] 2000, no pet...)..........................................................................40, 46
Tellez v. Tellez, 345 S.W.3d 689 (Tex.App.–Dallas
2011, no pet.) ..............................................................................................56
Tompkins v. State, 774 S.W.2d 195 (Tex.Crim.App. 1987) ..........................17, 19
Valdez v. Barrera, 647 S.W.2d 377(Tex.App.–San Antonio
1983, no writ). .............................................................................................21
Viera v. Viera, 331 S.W.3d 195 (Tex.App.–El Paso 2011, no pet.). ...................35
Welch v. Welch, 694 S.W.2d 374(Tex.App.–Houston
[14th Dist.] 1985, no writ). .............................................................................52
Welder v. Welder, 794 S.W.2d 420 (Tex.App.–Corpus Christi
1990, no writ).....................................................................................40, 45, 50
Winfield v. Renfro, 621 S.W.2d 640(Tex.App.–Houston
[1st Dist.] 1991, writ denied..)..................................................18, 19, 23, 25, 26
Zagorski v. Zagorski, 116 S.W.3d 309 (Tex.App.–Houston
[14th Dist.] 2003, pet. denied) ..........................................................40, 44, 50
Zieba v. Martin, 928 S.W.2d 782 (Tex.App.–Houston
[14th Dist.] 1996, no writ) .............................................................................52
Statutes and Rules
TEX.CONST. art. 16 § 15. ........................................................................................35
TEX. FAM. CODE § 2.401....................................................................................16, 18
x
TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.001. .......................................................................................35
TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.002 ...................................................................................... 35
TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.003...........................................................................................36
TEX. FAM. CODE § 7.001 ..........................................................................................54
TEX. FAM. CODE § 8.051 .......................................................................................55
TEX. FAM. CODE § 8.052 .........................................................................................56
TEX. FAM. CODE § 8.053...........................................................................................56
TEX. R. CIV. P. 301 ...............................................................................................27
xi
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Nature of the Case
This is an informal (common law) marriage case. After the trial court
ruled that an informal marriage existed, the court tried property issues
and entered a Final Decree of Divorce.
Trial Court
The case is appealed from the 329th Judicial District Court, Wharton
County, Texas, The Honorable Randy Clapp, Judge Presiding.
The question of informal marriage was tried on July 15 - 16, 2013.
Following the ruling that a marriage existed, the court held hearing on
property issues on June 2 - 3, 2014.
Parties’ Allegations and Course of Proceedings
This case was brought by Cynthia Sinatra (Cynthia) against Francis W.
Sinatra (Frank). Cynthia and Frank were previously married. The
parties’ formal marriage of October 15, 1998, was dissolved by a final
decree entered on March 29, 2001. [CR 52-79; PX 111] By way of four
petitions, Cynthia asserted four different dates at which she claimed a
common law marriage came into existence: on or about May 2001 [CR
110]; on or about February 7, 2000 [CR 21]; on or about April 29,
2001 [CR 42]; on or about March 29, 2001 [CR 84]. Cynthia requested
division of “community property” with a disproportionate share awarded
to her. [CR 86-87]
Frank’s original answer denied any informal marriage, and alleged
estoppel (under the prior divorce decree), waiver (acceptance of benefits
from the 2001 decree), and fraud in her allegations of when and how the
parties’ allegedly entered into a common law marriage. [CR 49-51]
Frank’s Amended Answer and Counter Petition carried his affirmative
defenses of waiver and estoppel, more specifically pleading the waiver
terms of the prior decree which provided that all claims to the separate
property of the other were waived for the lifetime of the parties. [CR
162-165] Frank further alleged that no community property could exist,
but if it did, he requested a disproportionate share. [CR 165]
xii
Disposition in Trial Court
The court entered a Final Decree of Divorce on June 26, 2014. At issue
in this appeal are the court’s rulings on informal marriage, the court’s
award of a 50% interest in Frank’s California home to Cynthia, the
court’s award of a $500,000 money judgment to Cynthia, and spousal
maintenance. [CR 193, 196-97, 201-02, 202-03, 208-09]
Frank filed a Motion for New Trial on July 24, 2014, which was denied
on September 15, 2014. [CR 216-221; 231] The court signed and
entered its Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law on August 14,
2014. [CR 224-5] The court did not enter additional or amended
findings and conclusions as requested by Frank on August 25, 2014.
[CR 226]
Notice of Appeal was filed on September 23, 2014. [CR 235] Frank
superseded the judgment on January 6, 2015. [CR 272 - 281]
xiii
ISSUES PRESENTED
Issue Relating to Informal Marriage
Issue One
The trial court abused its discretion when it ruled that Frank and Cynthia
entered into an informal marriage on or before April 27, 2002, because there is
legally insufficient, or alternatively, factually insufficient evidence to establish
the requisite elements: (1) an agreement to be married; (2) after the agreement,
living together in Texas as husband and wife; and (3) representing to others in
Texas that they are married. [Challenging Final Decree CR 193, 208-209;
Interlocutory Order-Common Law Marriage CR 156-57; Findings of Fact and
Conclusions of Law CR 224-25 at ¶¶ 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13, 26; See, Request for
Additional and Amended Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law CR226-27 at ¶¶
1, 2, 3, 4 CR 229 at ¶ 11, See also Motion for New Trial CR 217 at ¶¶ 5, 6]
Issues Relating to Characterization and Division of Property
Because Frank contends that the trial court’s ruling on common law-informal
marriage is contrary to Texas law and should be reversed, he also contends that all
subsequent rulings which purport to divide a community estate and which
characterize portions of Frank’s separate property as owned by the non-existent
community estate and awarded to Cynthia are an abuse of discretion and erroneous
as a matter of law. However, in the event the Honorable Court upholds the common
law marriage theory, then Frank presents the following additional issues complaining
of the trial court’s Final Decree of Divorce.
xiv
Issue Two
Because the evidence was legally and factually insufficient to establish the
community property character of the Hensal Road home and the funding into
the trust’s bank account which purchased the home, the trial court erred when
it failed to confirm the Francis W. Sinatra Trust as Frank’s separate property,
when it mischaracterized the funds that had purchased the Hensal Road house
as community property, and when it awarded one-half of the Hensal Road house
to Cynthia. [Challenging Final Decree at CR 194-95, 196-97, 198-99, 201-02;
Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law at CR 224-25, ¶¶ 7, 14, 16, 28; RR 6: 59-
60; See, Requests for Additional and Amended Findings of Fact and Conclusions of
Law at CR227 ¶¶ 5, 6, CR 228 at ¶ 9, CR 229 at ¶ 12, CR 230 at ¶ 13; See also
Motion for New Trial CR 218 at ¶¶ 7, 8, 9]
Issue Three
The trial court abused its discretion when it ordered Frank to pay Cynthia
a judgment in the amount of $500,000 to equalize its division, because there is
legally insufficient, or alternatively, factually insufficient evidence to support
the court’s finding that Frank had possession and control of $1,000,000 in
unspent cash and earnings paid to him during marriage. [Challenging Final
Decree at CR 202; Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law at CR 224-25, ¶¶ 13, 28;
RR 6: 61-62; See, Requests for Additional and Amended Findings of Fact and
Conclusions of Law at CR 227-28 at ¶¶ 7, 8, CR 230 at ¶ 14; See also Motion for
New Trial at CR 218-19, ¶ 10]
Issue Four
The trial court’s mischaracterization of the Hensal Road house as
community property, together with the equalization judgment of $500,000,
caused the trial court to abuse its discretion in making its property division
where the values of the assets and the equalization judgment awarded to Cynthia
resulted in a manifestly unfair, unjust, and disproportionate division of the
marital estate which is not “just and right” and which is not supported by legally
and factually sufficient evidence. [Challenging Final Decree at CR 194-200, 202-
03; Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law at CR 1 - 2, ¶¶ 7, 11, 13, 14, 28; See,
Requests for Additional and Amended Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law at
xv
CR227 ¶¶ 5, 6, 7, 8, CR 228 at ¶ 7, 8, 9, CR 229 at ¶ 12, CR 230 at ¶¶ 13, 14]
Issue Five
The trial court abused its discretion when it ordered Frank to pay Cynthia
$5,000 per month, because the evidence is legally insufficient, or alternatively,
factually insufficient to support the statutory prerequisites for spousal
maintenance. [Challenging Final Decree at CR 202-03; Findings of Fact and
Conclusions of Law at CR 225, ¶¶ 21, 22, 23; RR 6: 62-63; See, Requests for
Additional and Amended Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law CR 229 at ¶¶ 19,
11; See also, Motion for New Trial at CR 219, ¶ 11]
xvi
STATEMENT OF FACTS
Overview and Context
Parties, Their Relationship, and This Lawsuit
Francis Wayne Sinatra (Frank) is a life-long resident of California. [RR 3: 52-
53, 93-94; RR 6: 9] Frank is a performing musician who travels extensively, but he
has always maintained his home in California. [RR 3: 53-55; RR 6: 36] Cynthia
admitted that Frank has always resided in California. [RR 3: 54; RR 5: 52]
Cynthia White Sinatra is a resident of Wharton County, Texas. Cynthia and
her family are long-time residents of Wharton. [RR 3: 117] Prior to her marriage to
Frank, Cynthia had been married twice and had three daughters. Cynthia and her
daughters moved to California during her 1998-2001 marriage to Frank, and they
remained in California for the months immediately following the 2001 divorce so that
the girls could complete the academic year. [RR 8: PX-1 at App. 1, p. 9; RR 2: 66-
68, 311]
Due to the demands of his professional life, Frank had never considered
marriage until he dated Cynthia White of Wharton, Texas. [RR 3: 118-19] Frank was
fifty-five years old when he married Cynthia on October 15, 1998. [RR 2: 61] Their
brief marriage ended in divorce on March 29, 2001, but Frank and Cynthia remained
close. [RR 2: 41-42, 46-47, 91-92, 125, 130, 134, 141] Cynthia characterized their
1
relationship as one with “banter,” but Frank testified that he had petitioned for
divorce to stop the insanity. He said they were not happy as husband and wife,
became immeasurably happier when not married, and did much better as friends. [RR
3: 50, 96-97, 132] Following divorce, Frank and Cynthia continued to travel
together, and Frank visited Cynthia and her daughters in Texas. Frank testified their
relationship was “stormy,” with good days and bad days, getting along or not getting
along. [RR 3: 106-07] Cynthia testified the relationship had been “back and forth”
since 1992, and she admitted she was overly dramatic in some of her writings to
Frank. [RR 3: 54; RR 8: referencing letter written 8/31/09, PX-29, PX-30; see
additional correspondence at RR 24: RX-36, RX-38]
Cynthia is a licensed Texas attorney. While Cynthia and Frank were dating,
Cynthia worked pro bono on a case at The Hague, and the representation continued
for a short time during the marriage. [RR2: 71-72] However, Cynthia did not choose
to rely on her law license to support herself or her daughters. From 1992 until the
present time, Cynthia has relied on Frank’s financial generosity. [RR 2: 319-321,
359; RR 3: 27-28, 29-30, 37-40, 110-11; RR 5: 48-50]
Shortly before Cynthia and Frank were divorced in 2001, the father of two of
Cynthia’s daughters was sent to prison. He remained in prison until 2007. The father
provided no financial support for the two girls. Frank loved the girls and wanted
2
them to have everything they needed. [RR 2: 66-7; RR 6: 20] Although Frank had no
obligation to do so, he provided for the girls and for Cynthia because he felt it was
the appropriate thing to do. [RR 3: 110-12] He continued to provide for them
financially as long as he was able to do so. [RR 3: 111-12, 114] Over the years,
Cynthia’s financial demands became such a burden that Frank has been forced to
borrow money from a sister so that he could pay Cynthia court-ordered support
during the pendency of this case. Frank is out of money. [RR 2: 282-86; RR 3: 31,
34, 37-40; RR 5: 116 - 117, 118; RR 6: 10, 20 ]
Relevant Provisions in March 29, 2001Decree
Frank and Cynthia were divorced on March 29, 2001. The Final Consent
Decree is part of the record in this case. [RR 8: PX-1] The decree provided for
monthly installment payments and lump sum payments to Cynthia.[RR 8: PX-1, ¶ 8]
The decree also referenced the parties’ Post Marital Agreement which provided
additional terms and payments to Cynthia. (The agreement was incorporated and
attached as Appendix 1). The section on Spousal Support states:
Spousal Support. In addition to the lump sum payment stated above,
FRANK shall pay to CYNTHIA as and for non-modifiable Spousal
Support the sum of Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000) per month payable
one-half (½) on the 1st and one-half (½) on the 15th days of each month
for a period of twenty-four (24) consecutive months commencing on the
1st day of the first month following the termination of the parties
marriage by the Court. Said spousal support shall terminate upon the
3
death or remarriage of CYNTHIA, FRANK’S death, or twenty-
four (24) months whichever shall first occur.
[RR 8: PX-1, App. 1, p. 8 ¶ 6.2, B, emphasis added] Under the decree, support
commenced on April 1, 2001, and continued through March 31, 2003. Because
Cynthia did not remarry, the support payments did not terminate before the end of the
two-year term. Cynthia admitted that Frank paid all the support payments and
complied with all provisions contained in this decree. [RR 3: 28, 110] 1
The 2001 decree also attached schedules of each party’s separate property.
Frank’s separate property was listed at Schedule A. The properties listed at Schedule
A, ¶ 4 were part of the estate of Frank Sinatra, Sr. and were owned by Frank as his
inheritance from his father. [RR 2: 271-73; RR 5: 81, 92-94, 97 - 99]
At trial, Cynthia stipulated that properties listed on her inventory at lines 78-
102 were Frank’s separate property from the previous divorce decree. [RR 4: 99, CR
212-13] Because Cynthia had acknowledged the separate character of properties
listed at lines 78-102 in her inventory, and because she stipulated to the separate
character of those same properties at trial, Frank did not present detailed evidence
on his separate property. However, at the conclusion of the trial, and after witnesses
1
Cynthia’s Second Amended Petition alleged a second marriage occurred on or
about the same day she and Frank were divorced, March 29, 2001. She could not have
remarried unless she forfeited spousal payment, which she did not. [RR 3: 28, 110; CR 84 at ¶¶
6. a., b., and c.] ]
4
had been dismissed, Cynthia withdrew her stipulation as to Frank’s separate property
trust, the Francis W. Sinatra Trust. Frank protested the withdrawal, but the trial court
allowed her to do so. [RR 6: 40; CR 212 (line 85)]; see also RR 6: 43-44]
The 2001 decree also contained waiver provisions as to separate property
owned by Frank, to wit:
The Parties agree that FRANK owns and has the exclusive right to
possess and enjoy as his sole and separate estate, free from any claim of
CYNTHIA, the property listed in Schedule A, which is attached to this
agreement and incorporated herein for all purposes.
[PX-1, p. 2 ¶ 2.1] As additional waiver provisions, the decree states:
Each party agrees that the respective separate property of the parties will
be free from all claims that the other party may have before the date of
this agreement, as well as all claims that may arise following the
execution of this agreement . . This waiver applies during the lifetime
of both parties. . . . .Each party further agrees that, by signing this
agreement and accepting any benefit whatsoever under it, he or she is
estopped from making any claim of any kind at any time to any separate
property or the separate estate of the other party. . .
[ PX-1, p. 5-6 at ¶ 3.3 (emphasis added)]
In this case, Frank’s Amended Answer and Counter Petition alleged the terms
relating to waiver and further alleged that Cynthia should be estopped from asserting
claims in contravention of the terms of the 2001 decree, where the terms had not been
modified or discharged by written instrument. [CR 162-63]
5
Monies Paid to Cynthia or for Cynthia’s Benefit
Post-divorce, Frank gifted monies directly to Cynthia and also made payments
for the benefit of Cynthia and her daughters. [RR 2: 141-42, 192-93, 282-284, 285,
295-97, 319-22; RR 3: 110-111; RR 6: 18, 20; RR 8: PX - 27, PX - 28; RR 25: RX-
52] Randal O’Connor is a CPA whose firm has worked with Frank and Frank’s
family for many years. He handles their taxes, pays bills, and oversees financial
affairs. [RR 2: 272-273]
O’Connor testified as to Franks’s financial matters and prepared exhibits as
shorthand renditions of evidence contained in Frank’s financial records. Based upon
his work in preparing tax returns, managing Frank’s financial affairs, and signing the
checks to pay the bills, he prepared an exhibit entitled “Summary of $$ to/for Benefit
of CS.” [RR 25: RX-52] The numbers on RX-52 represent monies in the amount of
$4,712,659 (hereinafter referred to as “4.7 million”) paid to Cynthia from 2003-2013.
Frank was required to file federal gift tax returns and pay gift taxes on the $4.7
million, because Frank and Cynthia were not married. [RR 2: 275-76] Some of the
gifted monies are not shown on the gift tax returns because payments were made for
expenses such as education and medical, which are not classified as gifts for IRS
purposes. [RR 5: 105-06]
6
Relationship Strained and Deteriorating over Money
Cynthia testified that Frank was an extremely generous individual. [RR 3: 37]
Donna Kubesch, Cynthia’s childhood friend from Wharton testified that Cynthia
talked to her about Frank’s generosity. [RR 2: 46-47] Another childhood friend
Elizabeth Bray testified that she saw Frank when he came back to town, it was an
event, celebratory, and she thinks of Frank as very kind, generous, and respectful.
[RR 2: 246, 250] Cynthia described some of the items Frank paid for: travel expenses,
car notes, groceries, summer camps; anytime she needed money, Frank just
transferred money. [RR 2: 320, 339]
Cynthia testified that prior to 2008, she had no limit on her expenditures. [RR
3: 39-40] Frank testified that he paid for tuition, rent, food, clothing, gasoline,
bought automobiles. [RR 3: 111] O’Connor testified that he wrote checks to pay
for items and to give money to Frank to pay for her items, such as house notes,
groceries, pool maintenance, maids, house repairs, clothing, medical expenses. [ RR
2: 294-96]
O’Connor testified he had conversations with Frank “all the time” about
funding Cynthia’s expenses, which were “way beyond his means,” and put him in a
bad financial position. [RR 2: 283-84] Frank talked to Cynthia about his financial
situation, but she didn’t believe him when he said the money was running short. [RR
7
2: 148-49] Since Cynthia did not believe him, a meeting was called at Golden’s office
in California in March, 2008. [RR 2: 282] The meeting was attended by Frank,
Cynthia, Randal O’Connor, Nathan Golden, David Roth, and two accountants. The
meeting was intended to be a meeting of information, but it did not go well. Cynthia
was crying. She had always believed Frank was made out of money [RR 2: 148-52]
Cynthia testified that she remembered the meeting; she felt threatened by
Frank’s advisors; she did not believe Frank or Frank’s advisors when she was told
he was running out of money. [RR 3: 31, 34, 36, 39-40] Following the meeting, there
continued to be ongoing discussions between Cynthia and Frank during which he
pleaded with Cynthia and tried to get her to slow down on the spending. [RR 2: 158;
RR 3: 112]
Cynthia testified that she never asked Frank to spend money on her. [RR 5: 49]
Her testimony is untrue and contradicted by her own evidence. Even a small sampling
of correspondence belies her assertion. For example, in August 2009, Frank was
trying to stop the “financial hemorrhaging” and outlined a list of expenses that he
thought he could afford and that were to be paid by his accountants. Copies of the
memos were provided to Cynthia, and her letters in response to Frank’s memos
contain requests for more money, in addition to the expenses he had already agreed
to pay. [See RR 8: PX-27 through PX- 31] The financial discussions were ongoing
8
and unpleasant. [RR 2: 158-163]
Cynthia also contacted O’Connor directly to request payments; she told
O’Connor which expenses Frank had approved. O’Connor followed up with Frank;
her statements were not always correct representations of Frank’s agreements.
[Records from Stephenson, Cynthia’s CPA, at RR 23: RX-28, identified here by PDF
page numbers 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197]
By degrees, Frank’s financial outlays diminished. [RR 3: 114] The money
flow ceased in July 2012. [RR 2: 284] Cynthia realized in July 2012, that Frank
wasn’t going to pay the mortgage on her house. [RR 2: 344; RR 3: 27] Frank’s
inability to continue to pay for Cynthia’s lifestyle caused Cynthia to pursue this
lawsuit. [RR 2: 306-07; RR 3: 27-28, 112, 114; RR 5: 48-49] Frank had been in
Wharton in July 2012 to celebrate Brittany’s achievement in passing the State’s bar
exam. He took Brittany, Victoria, Jessica, Cynthia, Cynthia’s mother and several
friends to a restaurant in Sugar Land. [RR 2: 85] When he left Texas, he thought he
and Cynthia were on good terms; when he arrived back in California he received
notice that Cynthia had filed her original petition in this case. [RR 2: 84-5] At trial
Cynthia admitted her motivation:
9
Q. . . .If you recall your testimony from one of the past
hearings, Ms. Sinatra, when I asked you a few questions,
but for the fact that the money stopped coming to you,
you would not have filed for divorce?
A. That’s probably true.
[RR 5: 49] 2 Cynthia also admitted that she had done research on common law
marriage, on the elements of common law marriage, and that she had a woman who
was sending her petitions. [RR 3: 85-86] This law suit ensued.
When asked if he harbored ill feelings towards Cynthia for bringing allegations
of common law marriage, Frank responded: “I wish she hadn’t done this because I
find it a severe violation of trust since she knows full well we’ve been divorced since
2001.” [RR 3: 119]
Each section of Argument and Authorities, infra, contains additional specific
facts which are relevant to the issue presented.
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
I. Informal (common law) marriage. In order to establish common law marriage,
Cynthia had the burden to prove all 3 elements by a preponderance of the evidence.
The element of “the man and woman agreed to be married” cannot be established by
2
After Frank’s and Cynthia’s divorce, Frank entered into a relationship with Leslie
Scallon who lived in California. There was testimony at trial that Cynthia had been aware of
Frank’s relationship with Leslie, and the birth of their daughter, Josie. Cynthia had known of
Josie’s birth for 8 or 9 years before she filed this lawsuit. Cynthia said it bothered her, but it did
not make her file a law suit. [RR 3: 29-30, 63]
10
implication or by piling inference upon inference. The agreement must be established
by probative evidence showing both parties entered into an agreement that was
specific to both sides. Frank denied any such agreement ever occurred. Cynthia
alleged 4 different dates for marriage, and finally settled on March 29, 2001, the very
same day that she and Frank were divorced from the ceremonial marriage.
Common law marriage requires an immediate and permanent relationship in
which the husband and wife live together in Texas. The immediate and permanent
“living together” could not have occurred as alleged by Cynthia, because Frank left
Wharton with his attorneys on March 29, returned to California, and did not visit
Texas until Christmas holiday. Visiting Texas is not living in Texas. Episodic and
sporadic intimate relations between a formerly-married couple do not equate to living
together in Texas as husband and wife.
While the record contains many examples of Cynthia and Frank referring to
one another as husband and wife, those references should be analyzed in the context
of the historical relationship. Of themselves, the references cannot establish a
common law marriage when Frank and Cynthia did not enter into an agreement to be
married (element 1); and, Frank and Cynthia did not live together in Texas as husband
and wife (element 2).
11
II. Cynthia’s withdrawal of her stipulation on Frank’s separate property and the
trial court’s subsequent failure to confirm the Francis W. Sinatra Trust, its
bank account, and its assets as Frank’s separate property caused the court to
divest Frank of his separate property when it awarded of ½ of Frank’s home
to Cynthia.
Frank inherited substantial assets from his father. Cynthia has stipulated to the
separate character of these assets on 3 occasions: in the parties’ 2001 divorce decree;
in her Inventory and Appraisement in this case; and during trial and on the record in
this case. Because Cynthia had stipulated to the separate character of the Francis W.
Sinatra Trust, Frank put on a “shorthand” version of his case. At trial the following
day, after Frank had closed and after Frank’s expert witness had returned to
California, Cynthia withdrew her stipulation and the trial court allowed her to do so.
In the court’s rendition and subsequent findings, the court found that Frank had not
established the separate character by “clear and convincing evidence,” even though
Cynthia’s stipulation had admitted and conceded the characterization, thereby
relieving Frank of any burden to prove separate character. The court failed to
acknowledge that Frank had tried his case under the stipulation.
Nonetheless, Frank’s expert witness (testifying after the stipulation had been
made) provided evidence on Frank’s inheritance, the entities inherited from Frank Sr.,
the transformations of the entities into holding companies, and the sale of a portion
12
of the inherited assets on November 19, 2007. As Frank’s CPA and financial
manager, who handles all disbursements and records all deposits from all sources, the
witness testified that Frank received $10.1 million at the closing of the sale of Frank
Sr.’s assets and the money was received into the trust account. He also testified that
one month later the trust account wired $4.1 million to the title company to pay for
the purchase of 9706 Hensal Road. Closing documents and deeds uniformly reflect
ownership as the Francis W. Sinatra Trust with Frank as the trustee. Under the
community out first rule, at the time of the November/December 2007 transaction,
there could have been no community income accumulated in the trust’s account
because withdrawals to pay Cynthia’s expenses had depleted the account.
III. Money judgment for $500,000.
Frank produced all his federal income tax returns and federal gift tax returns.
During a 10-year period Frank had gifted Cynthia $4.7 million, an amount which
exceeded income that could be deemed community income under the court’s ruling
of common law marriage. The $1.1 million of “Remaining Com” on Frank’s Exhibit
R-52 does not refer to cash on hand, unspent. It refers to the total of monies that
could be deemed community and that had not been gifted to Cynthia but had been
spent on Frank’s expenses. Frank did not hide income.
13
IV. Divestiture of separate property and manifestly unjust division of property.
During the time of the alleged marriage, income that could be deemed
community income was spent on living expenses and gifts (now inter-spousal
transfers). There was no accumulation of a community estate. However, by
mischaracterizing 9706 Hensal Road as community property, the court created
community property in the amount of $2,000,000. The court also found that Frank
had unidentified, unrevealed, and unspent cash in the amount of $1 million. This
“asset” does not exist, but Frank must pay Cynthia $500,000. Together, these
erroneous findings created a community estate out of Frank’s separate property
(Hensal Road) and out of conjecture ($1,000,000). Because there is legally and
factually insufficient evidence to support the court’s findings, the court divided a
non-existent community estate by awarding Cynthia assets valued at $1.5 million.
V. Spousal maintenance.
There is a presumption against an award of spousal maintenance unless the
spouse seeking maintenance has exercised diligence in developing necessary skills
during a period of separation. Because Cynthia has not make a diligent search for
employment and has not developed her skills, she did not rebut the presumption and
should not have been awarded $5,000 in monthly maintenance.
14
ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES
I. Issue One
The trial court abused its discretion when it ruled that Frank and Cynthia
entered into an informal marriage on or before April 27, 2002, because there is
legally insufficient, or alternatively, factually insufficient evidence to establish
the requisite elements: (1) an agreement to be married; (2) after the agreement,
living together in Texas as husband and wife; and (3) representing to others in
Texas that they are married.
A. Standard of Review
Whether an informal or common law marriage has come into existence
is a question of fact. Burden v. Burden, 420 S.W.3d 305, 308 (Tex.App.–Texarkana
2013, no pet.). The evidence is legally insufficient and/or factually insufficient to
support the trial court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law that address the
existence of a common law marriage Legal and factual insufficiency of the evidence
to support findings of fact are not independent grounds of reversible error but are
relevant factors in assessing whether the trial court abused its discretion. See
Beaumont Bank, N.A. v. Buller, 806 S.W.2d 223, 226 (Tex. 1991); see also Moroch
v.Collins, 174 S.W.3d 849, 858 (Tex.App.–Dallas 2005, pet. denied) (explaining,
“We then proceed to determine whether, based on the elicited evidence, the trial court
made a reasonable decision.”).
In our case, Frank contends that based on the evidence adduced at trial, (and
the lack of evidence in important particulars), the trial court did not make a
15
reasonable decision. Because a complete reporter’s record has been prepared and
filed in this case, the trial court’s findings are not conclusive. See Amador v.
Berrospe, 961 S.W.2d 205, 207 (Tex.App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 1996, writ denied).
In reviewing a legal insufficiency or “no evidence” point, the reviewing court
credits evidence that supports the finding and disregards contrary evidence unless a
reasonable fact finder could not. See City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 827
(Tex. 2005). In reviewing a point for factual insufficiency, the reviewing court
considers all the evidence which tends to prove the vital fact, as well as evidence
which tends to disprove the vital fact. When it is determined that the finding is so
against the great weight and preponderance of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and
manifestly unjust, the point should be sustained. See Cain v. Bain, 709 S.W.2d 175,
176 (Tex. 1986).
B. Texas Family Code § 2.401
The Family Code states the requisites for establishing “informal” marriage. In
relevant part, the Code states:
(a) In a judicial, administrative, or other proceeding, the marriage of
a man and woman may be proved by evidence that:
***
(2) the man and woman agreed to be married and after the
agreement they lived together in this state as husband and wife
and there represented to others that they were married; . . . .
TEX. FAM. CODE § 2.401(a)(2). Subparagraph(a)(2) contains the three elements
16
which must be proved by the proponent of marriage: (1) an agreement to be married;
(2) after the agreement, the couple lived together in this state as husband and wife;
and (3) the couple represented to others that they were married.
Since 1989, it has been more difficult for the proponent of informal marriage
to establish the first element, i.e., “an agreement to be married.” Although common
law marriages have been recognized in Texas since 1847, the recognition has been
described as “grudging.” See Russell v. Russell, 865 S.W.2d 929, 931 (Tex. 1993);
see also Tompkins v. State, 774 S.W.2d 195, 208 (Tex.Crim.App. 1987)(claims of
common law marriage are closely scrutinized).
Although the effort to abolish common law marriage in 1989 failed, the
legislature amended the statute to make it more difficult to prove up a common law
marriage. Id. Before the 1989 amendment, courts were allowed to infer, or to imply,
a couple’s agreement to be married from other evidence which established
cohabitation and public representation. After the 1989 amendment, a marriage
proponent is now required to prove all three elements of the common law marriage,
including the agreement to be married. The ability of a court to infer and /or to imply
a marriage agreement was eliminated. Id. at 932, 933. The court explained the
impact on the first element, i.e., the agreement to be married:
A finding that there is legally and/or factually sufficient evidence of
cohabitation and public representation will not necessarily constitute
17
legally and/or factually sufficient evidence of an agreement to be
married. There must also be legally and/or factually sufficient evidence
of an agreement to be married which may include direct and/or
circumstantial evidence. [emphasis added]
Id. at 933.
As the proponent of an informal marriage, Cynthia bore the burden of proof to
establish all three elements of informal marriage, including an agreement to be
married, by a preponderance of the evidence. Burden v. Burden, 420 S.W.3d at 309;
Lewis v. Anderson, 173 S.W.3d 556, 559 (Tex.App.–Dallas 2005, pet. denied).
The plain language of the statute provides a partial order for establishing each
element. The agreement to be married must be established first in time, because
living together as husband and wife and representing marriage to others occur “after
the agreement.” TEX. FAM. CODE § 2.401(a)(2). Case law instructs that an informal
marriage does not exist until the concurrence of all three elements. Id.; see also
Winfield v. Renfro, 621 S.W.2d 640, 646 (Tex.App.–1991, writ denied).
C. The evidence is legally and factually insufficient to prove that Cynthia
and Frank entered into an agreement to be married.
The trial court’s findings of fact do not provide a date upon which the
parties entered into an agreement to be married. Instead, the court found that an
agreement occurred on or before April 27, 2002, and the parties were informally
married by April 27, 2002. [Finding No. 3, No. 26, at CR 224-25] The element of
18
an “agreement” must be independently established by legally and/or factually
sufficient evidence; it must occur first in time, after which living together in Texas
and holding out in Texas must be established; and, the agreement cannot be tacit,
implied, or inferred, simply because there is some evidence of living together in
Texas and holding out in Texas.
To establish the element of “agreement,” Cynthia had the burden to prove that
she and Frank agreed to be husband and wife and they intended to create an
immediate and permanent marriage relationship, not merely a temporary cohabitation
that could be ended by either party. See Burden v. Burden, 420 S.W.3d at 308; see
also Winfield v. Renfro, 821 S.W.2d at 645. While a common law marriage is a
marriage without formalities, the lack of formalities does not mean that a party can
unilaterally make the agreement to enter into the state of matrimony, with the other
party left unaware that an “agreement” has been made. See, e.g., Gary v. Gary, 490
S.W.2d 929, 932 (Tex.Civ.App.–Tyler 1973, writ ref’d n.r.e.) (an agreement
necessary to create common law marriage must be specific and from both sides); see
also Tompkins v. State, 774 S.W.2d 195, 208 (Tex.Crim.App. 1987)(claim of
common law marriage is closely scrutinized and “. . .requires that the agreement to
become husband and wife should be established by a preponderance of the evidence
showing that the agreement was to be specific on both sides.”). In Lewis v.
19
Anderson, the court explained that the issue was not whether the wife/proponent of
the marriage had agreed to be married, but rather, whether the wife/proponent of the
marriage had presented some evidence that the husband also agreed to be married.
Id., 173 S.W.3d at 560.
Frank testified that he has never had any agreement with Cynthia to be married
following their March 29, 2001 divorce. [RR 3: 97]
Cynthia’s evidence on“agreement” includes her own trial testimony and her
pleadings. Cynthia’s evidence does not meet the requirements for mutuality of an
agreement, one that is shown to be specific for both sides. Cynthia alleged:
! In Cynthia’s Original Petition for Divorce, filed on October 3, 2011, she
alleged that she and Frank were married on or about May 2001 [CR 10]. This
marriage date would be impossible under the law because the evidence in the
case showed that Frank left Texas on March 29, 2001, and did not return until
December 2001.
! The following year Cynthia filed another Original Petition for Divorce on
August 3, 2012. She alleged that she and Frank had married on or about
February 7, 2000 [CR 21]; this marriage date would be impossible under the
law because Cynthia and Frank were still ceremonially married at the time.
! Cynthia’s First Amended Original Petition for Divorce alleges that the parties
were married on or about April 29, 2001 [CR 42]. Again, this date is
impossible under the law because Frank left Texas in March 2001 and did not
return until December 2001.
! The Second Amended Petition for Divorce alleges that on March 29, 2001
(immediately after the divorce), Cynthia and Frank were together at the Taste
of Heaven restaurant where they held each other out as husband and wife,
cohabited in Texas, and intended to be married. [CR 84] This allegation is
20
incapable of performance; Frank left Wharton immediately after the hearing.
! Frank denied the March 29, 2001, as alleged by Cynthia. He testified that he
flew to Texas from California; he stayed at a hotel in Houston the night before
the divorce hearing; he and his California attorney were picked up the day of
the divorce hearing by his present counsel and then driven to Wharton; he did
not see Cynthia at the courtroom and did not see her at the Taste of Heaven
restaurant. [RR 3: 94-97]
Not only are Cynthia’s pleading allegations contradictory, they are not
supported by any probative evidence of an agreement made by Cynthia and Frank to
enter into marriage. Cynthia’s pleadings, and the abandoned pleadings, can be used
as evidence against her. See Valdez v. Barrera, 647 S.W.2d 377, 382 (Tex.App.–San
Antonio 1983, no writ). The pleadings were statements seriously made, and they
contain statements which were revealed to be false when viewed in light of later
testimony as Cynthia developed her theories and built her case.
Frank filed Special Exceptions in which he objected to Cynthia’s late-filed
Second Amended Petition. [CR 95-97] He especially excepted to the variety of dates
alleged by Cynthia, her shotgun approach by listing a number of different dates,
events, and times, without declaring one specific date. The court carried all motions
in this case, and all motions were overruled at the conclusion of the case. [RR 6: 63]
Cynthia testified that it was her memory that she and Frank had lunch right
after the divorce, and immediately began the common law marriage. She stated the
common law marriage started as soon as the divorce was final. [RR 3: 13-14] Then,
21
she testified that since March 29 was the day of divorce, the common law marriage
would begin the day after, and further testified: “I don’t know what the – I think it
would be the day after, wouldn’t it, or the same day.” [RR 3: 15] She further testified
that she knew the elements of common law marriage, and she thinks she made a
mistake when she alleged February 7, 2000 as the date of a common law marriage in
an earlier pleading. [RR 3: 85-86]
Cynthia seemed to have settled on March 29, 2001, or the day after, as the date
when she and Frank got married again in a common law marriage. Cynthia testified
that nothing changed in their relationship. [RR 3: 13-14] Cynthia’s testimony does
not support an agreement to be married. See Burden v. Burden, 420 S.W.3d at 308
(where the proponent spouse’s testimony concerning her belief that she and her
husband were in a marriage relationship and that nothing had changed, was found
insufficient evidence to establish an agreement to be married). Under the authority
of Burden v. Burden, Cynthia’s evidence is “no evidence.”
In an effort to shore up her testimony of “agreement,” Cynthia also testified
she believed she was married to Frank because she loved him; she believed they were
married because they had a lot of things in common like “law”and the “entertainment
business”; she was still married to Frank after March 29, 2001 because they continued
to share their lives; and, she intended to be married to Frank. [RR 2: 349-50] This
22
testimony fails to describe how or when she and Frank entered into an agreement to
be married at common law. The law governing informal marriages required Cynthia
to present specific evidence of a mutual agreement to enter into marriage. She was
unable to do so.
It would not be a difficult task to present such evidence, if indeed the parties
had made such an agreement. For example, in Winfield v. Renfro, Sandra Renfro
remembered and testified to April 11, 1982, as a date certain when the parties agreed
to be married while Dave Winfield was in Dallas playing in a baseball game.
Winfield v. Renfro, 821 S.W.2d at 645. In Lewis v. Anderson, Mindy Anderson
testified to specific facts concerning the agreement to be married, including a renewal
of the agreement every year for twenty years and an annual anniversary celebration
of the agreement. Lewis v. Anderson, 173 S.W.3d 556, 560 (Tex.App.–Dallas 2005,
pet. denied).
Because there was no agreement between Cynthia and Frank, there was no
anniversary or specific date to celebrate. There is not a single card, letter, email,
taped telephone conversation or any other indicia that Frank and Cynthia celebrated
an alleged second marriage. The absence of any such evidence is particularly
revealing when considered in light of the vast store of Valentine cards sent by Frank
and saved by Cynthia. [See, for example, RR 9: PX 61- PX 66] Significantly, the
23
record contains an anniversary remembrance of the 1998-2001 marriage. In 2008,
and in remembrance of what would have been their 10th wedding anniversary, Frank
sent Cynthia flowers, marking the date of their marriage ten years earlier on October
15, 1998. [RR 2: 61; RR 8: PX 18 at PDF 143] In contrast, there are no anniversary
gifts or cards or flowers marking a date and celebrating a common law marriage
agreement.
Still further, Frank contends that the terms of the 2001 divorce decree, and
Cynthia’s acceptance of spousal support payments for the full two year term (until the
end of March 2003), support a logical and reasonable inference that he and Cynthia
had not agreed to remarry on the date she now claims in this lawsuit. Had Cynthia
and Frank remarried, the spousal support payments would have terminated. [This
Brief, supra, at pp. 3-4; RR 8: PX-1, App. 2, p. 8 ¶ 6.2B]
This record shows a complete absence of the vital fact of a mutual agreement
by the parties to become married again. Indeed, Cynthia’s claim that she and Frank
entered into a common law marriage on the very same day that she and Frank were
divorced by the Final Consent Decree of Divorce is, of itself, shocking and strains
credulity.
24
D. The evidence is legally and factually insufficient to prove that Cynthia
and Frank lived together in this state as husband and wife.
As the proponent of common law marriage, Cynthia was also required
to prove that after the agreement they lived together in this state as husband and wife.
Cynthia’s live pleading and trial testimony finally settled on March 29, 2001, or
perhaps the next day, as the date when the common law marriage began and their
relationship continued thereafter. [CR 84 ¶¶ b.c.d.; RR 3: 13-15] The trial court made
findings that a marriage agreement occurred on or before April 27, 2002, and the
parties lived together in Texas as husband and wife on or before April 27, 2002.
At the outset Frank notes that there are impediments to Cynthia’s claim and the
trial court’s findings: (1) Cynthia could not have been married to Frank prior to
March 31, 2003, because she continued to accept spousal support payments per the
divorce decree, and the payments would have terminated had she remarried; [RR 8:
PX-1, App. 1, p. 8 ¶ 6.2, B(2)] and, (2) Frank left Wharton the day of the divorce
and did not return to Texas until December, 2001, some eight months later. [RR 2:
54, 68] Integral to the element of agreement is the intendment of the parties to create
an immediate and permanent marriage relationship in Texas. See Burden v. Burden,
420 S.W.3d at 308; see also Winfield v. Renfro, 821 S.W.2d at 645. Frank and
Cynthia could not have entered into any immediate, permanent cohabitation in Texas
after March 29, 2001, because Frank was living in California. He did not visit Texas
25
until December 2001. [RR 2: 68]
As a third impediment to Cynthia’s claims of a common law marriage on or
about March 29, 2001, and the trial court’s findings of common law marriage on or
before April 27, 2002, the excessive variances between the times pled by Cynthia as
the date of marriage and the evidence offered at trial preclude a finding of marriage
on April 27, 2002. A similar situation was addressed in Winfield v. Renfro. One of
Winfield’s issues on appeal was the time variance between the date pled by Renfro
(and included in the court’s charge) and the proof that was introduced at trial. Id. at
646. Renfro had alleged that the marriage to Winfield occurred on April 11, 1982
which meant that all informal marriage requirements would have had to occur on or
about that date. The requirements could not be met on April 11 because Winfield did
not return to Texas until August, 1982. The court noted the variance between
Renfro’s pleading and the proof and then stretched the allowable time frame to four
months. Id. at 646-47.
In our case, Cynthia testified to marriage on March 29 or March 30, 2001, and
her pleadings alleged March 29, 2001. The marriage could not have met the
requirements for living together in Texas as husband and wife and representing to
others that they were married, until April 2002. The variance is excessive. The trial
court should not have based its findings on any evidence that was thirteen months
26
past the time supported by Cynthia’s pleading. At the most rudimentary level, the
court’s findings, conclusions, and final decree of divorce violate Rule 301, Texas
Rules of Civil Procedure, and should be reversed. See TEX.R.CIV.P. 301 (stating in
part “The judgment of the court shall conform to the pleadings. . . .”)
The following evidence is relevant to the issue of “. . .lived together in this
state as husband and wife. . . .”
! Frank has never lived in Texas. He has always lived in California. [RR 3: 93]
Cynthia admitted that Frank has always lived in California. [RR 3: 54; RR 5:
52]
! Frank does not vote in Texas. He does not have a Texas Drivers’ License. [RR
3: 102] His residence is located at 9706 Hensal Road in Beverly Hills,
California. [RR 24: RX-41, RX-42, RX-43]
! Since March 29, 2001, Frank has made trips to Texas to visit Cynthia. He
estimates he made 6 trips a year to visit Cynthia. During the holiday season he
would alternate Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays between Wharton and
California. [RR 3: 102]
! Esther Wormley, the housekeeper at Cynthia’s home, testified that Frank did
not come to visit every month. She further testified that his longest visit was
a week, maybe two weeks at the holidays. [RR 2: 265, 267] When he was in
town, he used Cynthia’s car. [RR 2: 263] Frank did not keep a lot of clothes at
the house, just house shoes, shirts, maybe a jacket. [RR 2: 266]
! Donna Kubesch, Cynthia’s friend, testified that Frank visited Cynthia 10 times
a year, but that is only her estimate, and she based the estimate on information
she received from Cynthia’s sister. [RR 2: 43, 44, 46]
! Cynthia claimed that Frank came to Texas 2 to 3 times a month, sometimes one
time a month. [RR 3: 78] Cynthia’s testimony stands alone, uncorroborated by
any of her own witnesses, or by supporting documentation.
27
! Cynthia’s daughters and her mother did not testify in the case.
! O’Connor testified that California is Frank’s primary residence, and it is his
domicile for taxes. Frank spends over 182 days a year in California. [RR 2:
290] O’Connor prepares Frank’s tax returns as a single taxpayer with his
residence in California. [RR 2: 275] O’Connor communicated with Cynthia’s
CPA concerning Cynthia’s filing status as “head of household” which applies
to unmarried persons with dependents. In response to Stephenson’s and
Cynthia’s concerns over whether Frank was paying gift tax, O’Connor assured
them that monies to Cynthia were gifts and Frank was filing gift tax returns.
[RR 2: 277-281]
! Cynthia’s current home at 1913 Kelving Way, Wharton, TX, was purchased in
2005. Frank went on the note with Cynthia so she could obtain the mortgage.
Cynthia is listed on the Warranty Deed and Deed of Trust as Cynthia W.
Sinatra, a single person. Frank is listed as Frank W. Sinatra, a single person.
Frank also loaned Cynthia $40,000 to assist her in the purchase of Kelving
Way. [RR 22: RX- 21, RX-22, RX-33; RR 2: 109-110; RR 3: 123]
! Frank did not have a key to the Kelving Way house and did not consider it his
house; it was Cynthia’s house which he helped her to obtain. Cynthia referred
to the house as “my home.” [RR 3: 22-23, 25, 27] Cynthia considered Frank’s
trips to Texas as “a visit,” not a return home. [RR 3: 52-53, 103; RR 24: RX-
38]
Frank did not live in Texas at any time. Frank visited Cynthia in Wharton; he
had to borrow her car to get around; he did not even have a key to the residence; his
business and financial affairs are based in California; upon receiving two separate
diagnoses of cancer, he did not seek or receive medical treatment in any Texas
medical facility; he did not give a Texas address as his residence on Federal or
California tax returns; he would not have subjected himself to California’s state
28
income taxes had he lived in Texas; and he spent the majority of his time in California
or on tour with his music business. While there is evidence that Frank traveled to
Texas to visit with Cynthia and her daughters after the March 29, 2001 divorce, that
evidence is not probative on the vital issue of living in Texas as husband and wife
with Cynthia.
E. The evidence is legally and factually insufficient to prove that Cynthia
and Frank held out as husband and wife in a non-social context such
as financial and legal matters; any references to “husband” and
“wife” occurred in a social context.
Frank does not dispute the fact that he referred to Cynthia as “wife,” and
she referred to him as “husband” following their 2001 divorce. The record contains
testimony and exhibits showing Frank’s references to Cynthia as “wife.” The context
of those references is important, as it affects this Honorable Court’s review of the
entire record. Therefore, Frank begins by stating that all the references to Cynthia as
wife were made in a social context or a social setting, and none were made where
legal or financial ramifications could flow to either Frank or Cynthia.
Frank described Cynthia as the “love of his life.” She is the only wife he had
ever known, and due to that singular position in his life and out of respect and
devotion to her, he continued to refer to her as “wife” following their divorce. [RR
2: 55, 57, 75, 78, 91-92, 118, 125, 130, 134, 141; RR 3: 119] When Cynthia’s counsel
questioned him throughout the trial on his references to Cynthia as “wife,” and why
29
he referred to Cynthia as “wife,” he explained:
! “This is the only woman I was ever married to . . .. .She had that place in my
life . . . She had that place in the history of my life.” He would not call her
‘former wife,’ because “I would not insult her.” [RR 2: 92]
! “I didn’t care to embarrass her with explanations to people to whom it was no
one’s business if we were still married or not.” [RR 2: 118]
! “She was the only woman I ever married and whether we were still married or
not, the fact of the matter is this card was written like that.” [RR 2: 119]
! He sent cards that sometimes stated bride, or wife, or partner, or friend. He
sent them out of sentimentality and he still had feelings for Cynthia. [RR 2:
125, 130, 133]
Cynthia also presented evidence emanating from invitations, her law school,
envelopes, contributions, purchase of cemetery plots, the community theater,
purchase of wine lockers, membership in Houston Club, and Wharton Country Club,
all of which contained references to Mr. and Mrs. Frank Sinatra. [See, for example,
RR 8: PX-2, PX-3, PX-5,PX-25, PX-26, PX-35; RR 9: PX-43, PX-53-56, PX-69, PX-
70] All of these materials were generated by the organizations, and as the result of
unilateral activity initiated by Cynthia. Frank had no input. [RR 2: 147, 172-74,
178, 183, 186, 200-201]
Throughout the period of the alleged common law marriage, both Frank and
Cynthia continued to represent “single” status on documents that had any legal or
financial significance. For example, Frank filed all 1040 tax returns with his filing
30
status shown as “single.” [1040 Tax Returns for years 2003 - 2011 at RR 22: RX-11
through RX-19] The gift tax returns identify Cynthia as his “ex-spouse.” [RR 22: RX-
1 through RX-8]
The Francis W. Sinatra Trust (Dated June 15, 1998) Restated September 20,
2005, provides that the Settlor (Frank) is not married. [RX-45, p.5 ¶ 1.3] When
describing distributions from the trust estate on settlor’s death, the Trust provides for
a percentage distribution to “my former wife CYNTHIA W. SINATRA. . . .” [RX-45,
p. 11 ¶ 5.3(a)(1)]
Frank’s residence is located at 9706 Hensal Road in Beverly Hills, California.
The Deed of Trust for the Hensal Road home is signed by “Francis Wayne Sinatra as
Trustee of the Francis W. Sinatra Trust, dated June 15, 1998.” Likewise, the Grant
Deed lists the grantee as “Francis Wayne Sinatra, Trustee of the Francis W. Sinatra
Trust, dated June 15, 1998.” [RR 24: RX 41, RX 43]
The Warranty Deed for Cynthia’s residence located at 1913 Kelving Way Court
in Wharton lists the grantees as “Cynthia W. Sinatra, a single person, and Frank W.
Sinatra, a single person.” [RR 22: RX-21]
Cynthia filed her 1040 tax returns with her filing status shown as “head of
household.” [RR 23, which contains RX-28, Cynthia’s tax records]
These forthright assertions by both Frank and Cynthia constitute probative
31
evidence that the parties were not married. Cynthia did not hold herself out as a
married woman, or as Mrs. Sinatra, when she filed her tax returns and when she was
signing the closing documents on her home at Kelving Way Court. Cynthia is a
licensed attorney who repeatedly claimed and presented herself in legal documents
as a single woman. This undercuts her claim that she and Frank had agreed to embark
on a second marriage. See, c.f., Lewis v. Anderson, 173 S.W.3d at 562 (where the
protesting spouse had been willing to sign adoption papers as a married person, he
could not then contest proponent wife’s claims of common law marriage). It is
logical and reasonable to conclude that Cynthia knew she was not a married person.
Cynthia was required to prove all three elements of common law marriage by
a preponderance of the evidence; no element can be established by implication. The
record shows a complete absence of probative evidence that Frank and Cynthia
entered into an agreement to be common law married. Even if the Honorable Court
were to find Cynthia’s testimony as “some evidence,” Cynthia’s contradictory
testimony, allegations, and scenarios proposed by her cannot be reasonably or
logically reconciled. Because there is no evidence and factually insufficient
evidence of the first and second elements of common law marriage, and because the
evidence on the third element shows the non-existence of a marriage when it is
considered in historical context of the parties’ relationship, the entire common law
32
marriage claim must fail.
II. Issue Two
Because the evidence was legally and factually insufficient to support the
community property character of the Hensal Road home and the funding into
the trust’s bank account which purchased the home, the trial court erred when
it failed to confirm the Francis W. Sinatra Trust as Frank’s separate property,
when it mischaracterized the funds that had purchased the Hensal Road house
as community property, and when it awarded one-half of the Hensal Road house
to Cynthia.
A. Introduction
Frank inherited substantial assets from the estate of his father, the late
Frank Sinatra, Sr.3 As a result of the trial court’s rulings, findings of fact, and Final
Decree of Divorce, Frank has been divested of a portion of his inheritance. The trial
court awarded Cynthia one-half of Frank’s California home which had been wholly
purchased with Frank’s share of proceeds arising from the 2007 sale of a portion of
the assets inherited from Frank Sinatra, Sr.
Shortly after his father’s death, Frank established the Francis W. Sinatra Trust,
dated June 15, 1998, Restated September 20, 2005. (“FWS Trust”) [RR 24: RX-45]
When Frank and Cynthia were divorced in 2001, Cynthia stipulated to the separate
property character of Frank’s assets and waived all claims to Frank’s assets. [RR 8:
PX-1; CR 52-79, at pp. 2-3 Article Two, ¶ 2.1 at A. - J., Schedule A] In her
3
Frank Sinatra, Sr. died on May 14, 1998.
33
Inventory, and again at trial, Cynthia stipulated to the separate property character of
Frank’s assets, listed in her Inventory at lines 78-102 [CR 212-13]. Even though
Cynthia had waived any and all past or future claims to the assets in the 2001 divorce
decree and had also stipulated to the separate property character of the assets at trial,
Cynthia withdrew her stipulation at the end of trial. Inexplicably, and in
contravention of established rules and trial practice in Texas courts, the court allowed
her to do so.
In this issue, Frank contends that the evidence is legally and factually
insufficient to support the trial court’s findings of fact, and the trial court thereafter
abused its discretion in rendering its judgment in the Final Decree of Divorce which
divested Frank of his separate property.
As a subsidiary point within this Issue, and directly relating to the Issue, Frank
contends that the trial court abused its discretion when it allowed Cynthia to withdraw
her separate property stipulation after Frank had closed, because Frank had tried his
case under Cynthia’s stipulation which conceded, agreed, and admitted that Frank’s
trust was his separate property.
B. Standard of Review
This Honorable Court requires a party complaining of a trial court’s
characterization of property to first establish error by challenging the legal or factual
34
sufficiency of the evidence to support the characterization, and must then conduct a
harm analysis to show that because of the mischaracterization, the overall division of
property constitutes an abuse of discretion. See Davila v. Davila, 2013 WL 5305883,
* 2 (Tex.App.–Corpus Christi 2013, pet. denied)(mem.op.), citing Viera v. Viera,
331 S.W.3d 195, 207 (Tex.App.–El Paso 2011, no pet.). 4
Standards for reviewing legal sufficiency and factual sufficiency have been set
out in this Brief at ¶ I. A., supra. In this Issue Two which concerns trial court error
in mischaracterizing Frank’s separate property as community property, a somewhat
higher standard is applied because Frank’s burden of proof at trial was by “clear and
convincing evidence.” The Texas Constitution defines “separate property”:
All property, both real and personal, of a spouse or owned or claimed
before marriage, and that acquired afterward by gift, devise or descent,
shall be the separate property of that spouse. . . .
TEX.CONST. art. 16 § 15. The statutory enactment is found at TEX. FAM. CODE §
3.001.
“Community property” consists of the property, other than separate property,
acquired by either souse during marriage. TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.002. There is a
presumption that all property on hand at the time of divorce is community property.
4
Frank’s harm analysis and the effect of mischaracterization within the overall
division is included at Issue Four, where the mischaracterization and money judgment are
considered.
35
TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.003.
In order to overcome the community property presumption, Frank was required
to establish the separate property character of the FWS Trust and its assets by clear
and convincing evidence. TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.003(b); McElwee v. McElwee, 911
S.W.2d 182, 188 (Tex.App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 1995, writ denied). Clear and
convincing evidence is defined as the measure or degree of proof which will produce
in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the
allegations sought to be established. TEX. FAM. CODE§ 101.007; Moroch v. Collins,
174 S.W.3d 849, 857 (Tex.App.–Dallas 2005, pet. denied)(explaining further: “. . .
but the evidence need not be unequivocal or undisputed.”).
C. Cynthia’s stipulations as to Frank’s separate property were judicial
admissions and relieved Frank of any burden to present further proof.
When the court allowed Cynthia to withdraw her stipulation at the
close of evidence, Frank suffered clearly prejudicial harm.
In addition to the agreements and waivers contained in the parties’ 2001
divorce decree, Cynthia acknowledged in her trial inventory that Frank’s assets listed
at Lines 78-102 were his separate property. [PX-100] At trial, Cynthia stipulated that
the assets listed at 78-102 were Frank’s separate property. [RR 4: 99] During cross
examination of Cynthia’s expert witness, the question was posed:
Q. If I understand your testimony correctly, Mr. Gerhardt, Ms. Sinatra is
basically stipulating that all the items listed on – and this on your inventory –
listed on Lines 78 through 102 are Mr. Sinatra’s separate property?
36
A. That’s my understanding. I mean, those came off the previous divorce
decree.
Q. Okay. So I’m just asking so we can possibly save some time in this case,
you’re stipulating that those are Mr. Sinatra’s separate property?
A. I can’t stipulate.
MR. MAHER: We stipulate they are.
MR. COLE: I’m sorry?
MR. MAHER: We stipulate they are. Line 78 –
MR. COLE: Through 102?
MR. MAHER: Yes. 5
A. It’s beyond my pay grade.
[RR 4: 98-99] Cynthia’s stipulation that Lines 78 - 102 were separate property
wholly met and satisfied the burden of proof to establish the separate property
character of those assets. A stipulation is an agreement, admission, or concession
made in a judicial proceeding by the parties or their attorneys respecting some matter
incident thereto. Shepherd v. Ledford, 962 S.W.2d 28, 33 (Tex. 1998). A
stipulation constitutes a contract between parties and between the parties and the trial
court. Gulf Construction Co. Inc. v. Self, 676 S.W.2d 624, 630 (Tex.App.–Corpus
5
There is no indication in the trial testimony that the trial court refused to accept
the stipulation when it was offered.
37
Christi 1984, writ ref’d n.r.e.)(generally, valid stipulations are binding on the parties
and on the trial court.)
Not only did the stipulation relieve Frank of his burden to prove the separate
property character of assets at trial, it also estopped Cynthia from claiming to the
contrary. See, e.g., id.; see also Bomar Oil and Gas, Inc. v. Loyd, 381 S.W.3d 689,
693 (Tex.App.–Amarillo 2012, pet. denied)(the stipulation becomes conclusive as
to the facts conceded).
At the end of the trial, after Frank rested, and the court questioned “Both sides
rest and close?” Cynthia’s counsel stated that he had one more thing, in rebuttal. His
rebuttal was actually the withdrawal of her stipulation as to the FWS Trust, stating
it was based upon testimony of O’Connor, commingling of funds, and “confusion”
as to who the trust actually was. [RR 6: 39] Cynthia’s counsel vehemently opposed
the withdrawal, noted that the withdrawal of the stipulation was not a form of
rebuttal, but an effort to reopen evidence, and that his expert had testified the day
before and had left. [RR 6: 40] In response to Cynthia’s complaint that there were no
bank records, no testimony, Frank argued that he had been relieved of any burden to
put on detailed evidence, pointing out “there was a stipulation.” [RR 6: 43]
Nonetheless, the court ruled: “ . . .I’m going to allow you [Maher] to withdraw your
stipulation as to the Frank Sinatra 1998 trust. . . .” [RR 6: 44] Cynthia’s withdrawal
38
of her stipulation, and the court’s subsequent ruling, all occurred at a time when
Frank had tried his case based on the stipulation, and closed.
Cynthia’s disingenuous “strategy” should not have been rewarded with the
court’s ruling. She had allowed the trial to go forward with her stipulation on record,
to the end that Franks’s case was presented in “shorthand” because he no longer had
a burden to prove the separate property character of his assets, listed at Lines 78-102.
In permitting this ambush to succeed, and in ruling in favor of outrageous trial tactics
which contravene well-settled rules concerning the binding nature of a stipulation, the
trial court’s ruling was clearly prejudicial, capricious, and arbitrary, all of which
constitutes an abuse of discretion. See, e.g., Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc.,
701 S.W.2d 238, 241-42 (Tex. 1985)(abuse of discretion occurs when trial court’s
decision deviates from guiding rules and principles and is otherwise arbitrary,
capricious, and unreasonable.); see also Parr v. State, 2014 WL 69567, * 3
(Tex.App.–Corpus Christi 2014, no pet.)(mem.op.)(the inquiry on appeal is whether
the result was reached in an arbitrary and capricious manner).
D. Applicable rules for separate and community property.
The court entered findings of fact which erroneously characterized the
Francis W. Sinatra trust and funding into its bank account. [CR 224-25, Nos. 7, 14,
16, 28] Texas courts have developed a number of rules which are applicable to the
39
characterization issues found in this case.
! The characterization of property as community or separate is determined by the
inception of title to the property, i.e., when a party first has a right of claim to
the property by virtue of when the title is finally vested. Boyd v. Boyd, 131
S.W.3d 605, 612 (Tex.App.–Fort Worth 2004, no pet.); Zagorski v. Zagorski,
116 S.W.3d 309, 316 (Tex.App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, pet. denied).
! Because it is presumed that all property possessed at time of divorce is
community property, the party claiming separate property must trace and
clearly identify the property claimed as separate. See Estate of Hanau v.
Hanau, 730 S.W.2d 663, 667 (Tex. 1987); Smith v. Smith, 22 S.W.3d 140,
144 (Tex.App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, no pet.).
! Tracing involves establishing the separate origin of the property through
evidence showing the time and means by which the spouse originally obtained
possession of the property. Zagorski v. Zagorski, 116 S.W.3d at 316. As long
as separate property can be definitely traced and identified, it remains separate
property regardless of the fact that it my undergo mutations and changes.
Welder v. Welder, 794 S.W.2d 420, 425 (Tex.App.–Corpus Christi 1990, no
writ).
! A showing that community and separate funds were deposited in the same
account does not divest the separate funds of their identity and establish the
entire amount as community when the separate funds may be traced and the
court is able to determine accurately the interest of each party. Id.
E. Measuring the record evidence against the rules governing
characterization shows the evidence is legally and factually
insufficient to support the trial court findings.
1. The Francis W. Sinatra Trust (FWS Trust) was created in 1998
and was amended and restated in 2005. [RR 5: 85-6; RR 24: RX-45]
2. There is no source of income that is not reported by either
Anomaly or the FWS Trust. [RR 5: 89-90, 94]
40
3. Frank’s trust is a living revocable trust. The trust will become
irrevocable on Frank’s death. [RR 5: 90-93]
4. O’Connor is responsible for disbursing all funds and writing all
the checks on the trust’s bank account. [RR 5: 91]
5. Frank’s separate property included Bristol, Essex, and Sheffield.6
Bristol held the reprised masters and movies; Essex held the Capital Records catalog;
Sheffield had intellectual properties, name, likeness. All of these assets had been
earned by Frank Sr. Bristol, Essex, and Sheffield had been set up by Frank Sr. for
his children, long before his death. [RR 5: 97-98]
6. The owners of Bristol, Essex, and Sheffield were Frank, his son
Michael, his two sisters Nancy and Tina, Nancy’s two daughters, and two of Frank
Sr.’s long time business associates. In 2007 Bristol, Essex, and Sheffield were folded
over into FSE Holdco. [RR 5: 103; RX-49, RX-50] Holdco then contributed all of
the masters, likenesses, and TV shows into another new entity called Frank Sinatra
Enterprises (FSE). [RR 5: 97-99; RX-43, RX-49, RX-50] There are two separate
entities, FSE (Frank Sinatra Enterprises) and FSE Holdco. The owners of the new
entities remain as they were under Bristol, Essex, and Sheffield. [RR 5: 100-103]
6
Those entitles had been part of the Somerset trust, which was part of Sinatra,
Sr.’s estate. [RR 5: 92-93, 97]. Cynthia did not challenge the characterization of Bristol, Essex
and Sheffield. [Inventory, lines 81-84, PX-1; CR 212]
41
7. The Holdco transaction, which included the sale of ½ of FSE
assets to Warner Music, generated capital gains for the interest owners in FSE
Holdco, which included Frank. Frank’s share of the sale proceeds was reported on
his 2007 tax return as $12,367,795. [RR 22: RX-15, p. 1]
8. The closing date for Holdco’s asset sale to Warner Music was
November 19, 2007. [RR 5: 103] Frank realized proceeds in the amount of $10.1.
The proceeds were deposited directly into Frank’s trust account. [RR 5: 112-13; RR
6: 32-33] On December 21, 2007, the Francis W. Sinatra Trust closed on the
purchase of 9706 Hensal Road. The December 21, 2007 payment for the $4.1 million
purchase price for Hensal Road came from the same trust account that had received
the November 19, 2007 deposit resulting from the sale of ½ of FSE Holdco assets to
Warner Music. The purchase funds were sent by wire transfer. [RR 5: 96, 113] In
2007, and at the time of the Holdco deal and the Hensal Road purchase, the trust
account did not contain any remnants of monies that could be considered community
property. [RR 5: 102, 113; RR 25: RX-52] 7
9. As financial manager for Frank’s affairs, O’Connor participated
7
A review of Frank’s exhibit, RX-52, has a column entitled “Remaining Com $$,”
which refers to the monies that would have been community property if the parties were married.
At the end of 2007, and computing the totals for 2003-2007, the trust account bank balance for
“community” monies was a negative. The monies paid to Cynthia, or for her benefit, exceeded
the amount of any “community” funds.
42
in the Hensal Road transaction. O’Connor testified the purchase payment was made
by wire transfer, and the funds came from Frank’s trust account, the same account
that had received the proceeds on November 19, 2007. [RR 5: 95-97, 113; RR 27:
Closing Statement at RX-77] The Closing Statement on the purchase is dated
December 21, 2007, the Buyer is identified as “Francis W. Sinatra Trust, dated June
15, 1998,” and Total Consideration is $4,100,000.00. The Deed of Trust for the
Hensal Road home is signed by “Francis Wayne Sinatra as Trustee of the Francis W.
Sinatra Trust, dated June 15, 1998.” The Grant Deed lists the grantee as “Francis
Wayne Sinatra, Trustee of the Francis W. Sinatra Trust, dated June 15, 1998.” [RR
24: RX 41, RX 43]
Even though Cynthia’s stipulation was withdrawn, Frank requests the Court to
take note of the withdrawn stipulation. Frank contends that under the stipulation there
was no necessity to prove up the separate property character of his trust, which
necessarily included the trust’s bank account, and the home purchased by the trust.
O’Connor’s testimony and exhibits, taken together with Cynthia’s remaining
stipulations as to Bristol, Sheffield, and Essex, show that Frank’s right to the assets
came to him by inheritance from his father. Bristol, Sheffield, and Essex had been
set up by Frank Sr. Frank was one of the named interest owners in Bristol, Sheffield,
and Essex. Frank’s right to the property vested when his father died in 1998. Under
43
inception of title, those assets which he inherited from his father remain Frank’s
separate property so long as he can trace and clearly identify the property through
mutations and changes. TEX. FAM. CODE § 3.001; see generally, Boyd v. Boyd, 131
S.W.3d at 612; Zagorski v. Zagorski, 116 S.W.3d at 316.
The property was traced through changes and was clearly identified through
the testimony of Randal O’Connor. O’Connor’s testimony was supported and
corroborated by the following: Frank’s income tax returns; the documents showing
that the Bristol, Sheffield, and Essex entities were folded into FSE Holdco; the
Holdco agreement which follows Frank’s property interest from Bristol, Sheffield,
and Essex into Holdco and FSE Holdco; the sale to Warner Music; the amount of the
sale proceeds from the Warner Music transaction which are identified on Frank’s tax
return and deposited into his trust’s bank account from which the $4.1 million wire
transfer paid for the home; and the Hensal Road statements and deeds. [Record
references in detail at ¶ II., E., 1 - 9, supra]
The court found, however, that the funding of the trust account with sale
proceeds from FSE Holdco, which are clearly Frank’s separate property having been
inherited from his father and remaining separate through a series of holding company
transactions, did not “operate to convert community property of the parties into the
separate property of Francis Wayne Sinatra.” [CR 212] While one cannot be certain,
44
it appears that the court found the November 19, 2007 deposit became community
property upon deposit, and the house purchased with the “community property”funds
on December 21, 2007, was thereafter awarded to both Cynthia and Frank.
Our law does not require such an inequitable and harsh result. In fact, this
Court has addressed the precise question:
A showing that community and separate funds were deposited in the
same account does not divest the separate funds of their identity and
establish the entire amount as community when the separate funds may
be traced and the trial court is able to determine accurately the interest
of each party.
Welder v. Welder, 794 S.W.2d 420, 425 (Tex.App.–Corpus Christi 1990, no writ).
In our case, the exact amount of funds derived from the sale of ½ of FSE assets was
known. The exact amount of funds that were wire transferred, one month later, to
purchase the Hensal Road home was known. Under similar facts as to deposits and
expenditures, the Amarillo court held that the requirements of tracing the husband’s
separate property proceeds from the sale of real estate had been met. See In the
Matter of the Marriage of Tandy, 532 S.W.2d 714, 717 (Tex.Civ.App.–Amarillo
1976, no writ)(the exact amount of money that went into the account was known and
the exact amount of money that came out was known.). As in the Tandy case, where
the husband’s separate funds were traced into, and out of, an account that also held
community funds, Frank contends that he has met the requirements of tracing his
45
separate property funds.
The trial court findings that Frank had not met his burden to show separate
property character by clear and convincing evidence underscore the prejudicial harm
caused by the trial court when it allowed Cynthia to withdraw her stipulation. The
stipulation satisfied the burden of proof as to the matter stipulated: the separate
property character of Lines 78 - 102, which included Frank’s trust. Because of the
stipulation as to Frank’s separate property, Frank had no requirement during trial to
offer further evidence on his separate property.
As a result of these errors, the court’s divorce decree mischaracterized 9706
Hensal Road as community property by awarding ½ of the property to Cynthia. This
error constitutes an abuse of discretion and requires reversal because Frank has been
divested of his separate property. See generally, Smith v. Smith, 22 S.W.3d at 147,
citing Eggemeyer v. Eggemeyer, 554 S.W.2d 137, 140 (Tex. 1977); see also Murff
v. Murff, 615 S.W.2d 696, 698-99 (Tex. 1981).
46
III. Issue Three
The trial court abused its discretion when it ordered Frank to pay Cynthia
a judgment in the amount of $500,000 to equalize its division, because there is
legally insufficient, or alternatively, factually insufficient evidence to support
the court’s finding that Frank had possession and control of $1,000,000 in
unspent cash and earnings paid to him during marriage.
A. Standard of Review
As part of its property division, the court entered an equalization
judgment in the amount of $500,000. An award of an equalization judgment is
within the trial court’s discretion. The entry of an equalization judgment is reviewed
for legal and factual sufficiency to support findings, which do not stand
independently as grounds for reversible error, but instead, are considered as factors
on whether the trial court abused its discretion. See Massey v. Massey, 807 S.W.2d
391, 398 (Tex.App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 1991), writ denied with opinion, 867 S.W.2d
766 (1993).
B. There is no evidence to support the finding that Frank has possession
and control of at least $1,000,000 in unspent cash which was “not
revealed or identified.”
The court’s finding that Frank has possession and control of unspent
cash and earnings in the amount of at least $1,000,000 seems to be the basis for the
court’s equalization judgment of $500,000. Frank’s evidence shows the finding and
judgment cannot rationally be supported by the record. [CR 224-25 at No. 13]
47
Frank submitted his federal tax returns in discovery [offered by Cynthia at PX-
126 through 135]; he also offered his federal 1040 tax returns and federal gift tax
returns [RX-1 through RX-8, gift tax returns; RX-11through RX-19 income tax
returns]. O’Connor prepared RX-52 which is a summary of all income and
expenditures for the 2003-2013 time period. [RR 25: RX-52] O’Connor also
prepared RX-53 and RX-54, to show the specifics of revenue and expenses for
Francis W. Sinatra Trust / Anomaly LTD, LLC for the time periods preceding trial.
(Anomaly is a flow through entity for the Francis W. Sinatra Trust. [RR 5: 85, 89]
No assets are held in Anomaly. [RR 5: 109] ) As Frank’s CPA, O’Connor prepared
tax returns, paid bills, and managed Frank’s business and financial affairs. O’Connor
was competent to testify concerning the amount and source of income for the trust
and the flow-through entity, Anomaly. See, e.g., Moroch v. Collins, 174 S.W.3d at
863, citing Holloway v. Holloway, 671 S.W.2d 51, 55-56 (Tex.App.–Dallas 1983,
writ dism’d w.o.j.)(“We know of no authority holding that a witness is incompetent
to testify concerning the source of funds in a bank account without producing bank
records of the deposits.”)
Over the 10-year period summarized in RX-52, and during which time Frank
48
paid $4.7 million directly to Cynthia or made payments for Cynthia’s benefit,8 an
additional sum remained available for Frank’s living expenses. Exhibit RX-52 shows
a balance of $1,143,492 (“1.1 million”) in the “Remaining Com” column. This
column reflects the amount that was not paid to Cynthia and which the court
apparently believed was remaining in hand, and unaccounted for. In fact, “Remaining
Com” shows the amount that had not been paid for Cynthia’s expenses and remained
available for Frank’s expenses over the 10-year period. 9 The total amount available
for spending, as derived from the “Remaining Com $$” column and “To C. Sinatra”
column was $5,856,152.
Under the community out first rule, courts will presume that community funds
are drawn out first, before separate funds are withdrawn. Sibley v. Sibley, 286
S.W.2d 657, 659 (Tex.Civ.App.–Dallas 1955, writ dism’d). O’Connor correctly
understood the rule to be the “first monies out of accounts are considered community
property and separate property is the last monies out.” After the expenditure of $4.7
8
O’Connor testified that during the years following the 2001 divorce, the monies
paid to Cynthia or for her benefit ($4,712,659) were categorized as gifts, not inter-spousal
transfers, because: the parties were not married; he had a copy of the divorce decree; and Frank
had not remarried. [RR 2: 275-76, 280-81, 282, 297, 302-03]
9
RX-52 shows a capital gain for 2007, in the amount of $12,367,795 (before tax),
which is not part of the final computation. The gain arose from Frank’s share of the sale of a
50% interest in the corpus of Frank Sinatra Sr. assets such as reprised masters, movies,
intellectual property, the name, the likeness, and the Capitol Records catalog. [RR 5: 98-104]
Frank received $10.1 million into his trust account, and after taxes he netted $7.1 million. [RR 6:
32-33]
49
million for Cynthia’s living expenses and $1.1 million for Frank, the account would
become Frank’s separate property. See, Zagorski v. Zagorski, 116 S.W.3d at 320 (
community funds were depleted by community expenses; the account remained
husband’s separate account); Welder v. Welder, 794 S.W.2d at 426 (where the
community’s living expenses exceeded what the community income could support,
the monies remaining in the account were husband’s separate property). O’Connor
further testified that there is no income, from any source, that is not reported on
Frank’s tax returns. [RR 22: RX-52; RR 5: 105-107].
Frank does not maintain a personal banking account; his bills are paid through
bank accounts held in the name of the trust, “FWS Trust,” or in the name of the flow-
through entity, “Anomaly, LLC,” all of which is managed by O’Connor and his firm.
[RR 5: 117; RR 6: 19] 10 Because O’Connor cuts all the checks for Frank, under the
FWS Trust or under Anomaly, and manages the bank accounts as part of his
responsibilities, he was qualified to testify that there was no accumulation of funds
in the FWS Trust or in Anomaly. [RR 2: 273; RR 5: 93-4, 112-13] In April, 2014, a
$114,285 cash balance in Anomaly represented the remainder of the funds borrowed
10
A “Convenience Account” was opened in Wharton. It was called Frank W
Sinatra Convenience Account, care of Cynthia Sinatra. Frank had no independent recollection of
the account. [RR 2: 136-37] However, it was apparently used when Frank transferred monies to
Texas to pay expenses on Cynthia’s behalf, for example, the note on the Kelving Way property
located in Wharton. [RR 8: PX-27 at ¶ (a)]
50
from Frank’s sister. [RR 25: RX-54, p. 2] At trial, O’Connor testified that Frank had
$76,000 remaining, and that balance represented money borrowed from Nancy. [RR
5: 115-117]
Under these facts, the court’s finding that Frank “has possession and control
of unspent cash and earnings paid him. . . and deposited in bank accounts in the name
of Francis W Sinatra Trust” in the amount of at least $1,000,000 is not supported by
legally sufficient or factually sufficient evidence. Each and every dollar earned by
Frank was reported on his tax returns, and the tax returns were in evidence. The tax
returns were summarized and offered at RX-52. After paying Cynthia’s expenses in
the amount of $4.7 million over a 10-year period, with $1.1 million of spendable
income remaining for Frank during the same 10-year period, the court’s finding of
$1,000,000 in unspent cash is wholly without evidentiary support. Frank’s legal
insufficiency point should be sustained because there is a complete absence of
evidence to support a vital fact; all that remains is surmise and suspicion. Even if the
Court determined it would conduct a factual insufficiency review, this finding is so
clearly wrong and manifestly unjust as to be an abuse of discretion. After creating
the “asset,” the trial court then ordered Frank to pay Cynthia an equalization
judgment in the amount of $500,000. While a trial court has broad discretion, the
discretion is not unlimited; there must be some reasonable basis and sufficient facts
51
in the record to show that the court acted rationally in the exercise of its discretion.
See, e.g., Zieba v. Martin, 928 S.W.2d 782, 790 (Tex.App.–Houston [14th Dist.]
1996, no writ); see also Landon v. Jean-Paul Budinger, Inc., 724 S.W.2d 931, 939
(Tex.App.–Austin 1987, no writ)(a determination can be legally unreasonable in the
factual-legal context in which it was made).
IV. Issue Four
The trial court’s mischaracterization of the Hensal Road house as
community property, together with the equalization judgment of $500,000,
caused the trial court to abuse its discretion in making its property division
where the values of the assets and the equalization judgment awarded to Cynthia
resulted in a manifestly unfair, unjust, and disproportionate division of the
marital estate which is not “just and right” and which is not supported by legally
and factually sufficient evidence.
A. Standard of Review
A trial court has broad discretion in making its “just and right” division
of marital estate upon divorce. Massey v. Massey, 807 S.W.2d at 398. Frank has
challenged the legal and factual sufficiency of the court’s findings of fact relating to
its characterization of his separate property home as an asset of the community estate
(Issue Two) and its creation of a $1,000,000 community estate (Issue Three). Here,
Frank challenges the court’s finding that its division of community property is “just
and right.” It is Frank’s burden to show that the trial court’s division is so unjust and
unfair as to constitute an abuse of discretion. See Welch v. Welch, 694 S.W.2d 374,
52
376 (Tex.App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 1985, no writ).
B. The parties accumulated no community estate during the informal
marriage.
During the time period of the alleged common law marriage (2001 -
2014), the parties did not create a community estate. The “Summary of $$” included
wages, interest income, dividend income, Schedule C income, and partnership
income. [RR 25: RX-52] The Summary also itemized tax payments, $4.7 million in
gifts (which are now inter-spousal transfers by virtue of the court’s ruling of
marriage), and $1.1 million for Frank. There was no remaining income to accumulate
assets into an “estate of the parties.”
C. Court’s characterization and equalization created a community estate
which could then be divided.
Undaunted by the reality of a $0-value estate due to extravagant expenditure,
Cynthia claimed 9706 Hensal Road was community property. By the court’s finding
No. 7, and the Decree’s ½ - ½ awards to Cynthia and Frank, Cynthia is now due to
receive ±$1,000,000 in “community” property from the sale of Frank’s home.
Cynthia will also receive an additional $500,000 equalization judgment even where
there is no property, cash, or earnings that could be referable to the court’s finding
No. 13. Cynthia has already received $4.7 million during the marriage. Cynthia’s
value in these items totals $6.2 million.
53
Measuring Frank’s awards by the same yardstick results in an extraordinarily
disproportionate division of property. Frank’s newly awarded 50% ownership of his
separate property home is valued at ±$1,000,000. The remaining community property
that was available for his living expenses was $1.1 million. He must pay Cynthia
$500,000. Frank nets $1.6 million.
D. There is no evidence or factually insufficient evidence to support the
finding that this division is “just and right.”
Under the general rule for division of property, the Family Code states:
“In a decree of divorce . . .the court shall order a division of the estate of the parties
in a manner that the court deems just and right, having due regard for the rights of
each party . . . .” TEX. FAM. CODE § 7.001. While a division does not have to be
equal, when there is a highly disproportionate division, as in this case, one would
expect to find fault findings to support the division. There are no fault findings.
The court’s mischaracterization of Frank’s home (Issue Two) and the creation
of a community estate through a finding of unidentified and unrevealed cash (Issue
Three) resulted in a division that is not “just and right” and constitutes an abuse of
discretion. The court did not divide the estate of the parties with due regards to the
rights of each party and instead disregarded Frank.
54
V. Issue Five
The trial court abused its discretion when it ordered Frank to pay Cynthia
$5,000 per month, because the evidence is legally insufficient, or alternatively,
factually insufficient to support the statutory prerequisites for spousal
maintenance.
A. Standard of Review
An award of spousal maintenance is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.
Legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence is not an independent ground for error,
but is a relevant factor in determining whether the court abused its discretion in
awarding spousal maintenance. See Diaz v., Diaz, 350 S.W.251, 254 (Tex.App.–San
Antonio 2011, no pet.)
B. Statutory provisions
In relevant part, the Family Code states the eligibility requirements for
spousal maintenance:
8.051. . . .the court may order maintenance for either spouse only
if the spouse seeking maintenance will lack sufficient property,
including the spouse’s separate property, on dissolution of the
marriage to provide for the spouse’s minimum reasonable needs
and: . . .
(2) the spouse seeking maintenance:
(B) has been married to the other spouse for 10 years or
longer and lacks the ability to earn sufficient income to
provide for the spouse’s minimum reasonable needs. . . .
TEX. FAM. CODE § 8.051. The purpose of spousal maintenance is to provide
55
temporary and rehabilitative support for a spouse whose ability to support herself has
eroded over time while engaged in homemaking activities and whose capital assets
are insufficient to provide support. Tellez v. Tellez, 345 S.W.3d 689, 691
(Tex.App.–Dallas 2011, no pet.); see also In re McFarland, 176 S.W.3d 650, 658
(Tex.App.–Texarkana 2005, no pet.). The statute lists factors that are to be
considered in making an award of spousal maintenance, such as financial resources,
education, employment skills, and earning ability of the spouse seeking maintenance.
See TEX. FAM. CODE § 8.052. Most significantly to this case, the statute contains
a rebuttable presumption that maintenance is not warranted unless the spouse seeking
maintenance has exercised diligence in earning sufficient income to provide for her
minimum reasonable needs; or in developing the skills necessary to provide for
minimum reasonable needs during the time the suit is pending. See TEX. FAM. CODE
§ 8.053.
C. Distinguishing facts take this case outside the realm of general
spousal maintenance considerations
Cynthia pled for post-divorce maintenance under Chapter 8. The Family
Code, Chapter 8, and interpretive case law contain no provisions that can provide for
Cynthia’s requested monthly maintenance. As will be shown below, Cynthia’s
expenses remain at very high levels, and her explorations into the real world of work
are unrealistic and minimal. She has known since 2008 that Frank could not
56
underwrite her life, [RR 5: 48], and with that knowledge in hand, she has done
nothing to improve her job skills, or her marketability, or diversify her legal area of
interest into a field that pays money.
1. Cynthia submitted her financial information sheet which tallied
up her necessary monthly expenses as $16,475. [RR 21: PX-136; RR 5: 40]
2. She enjoyed her work at The Hague, admitted it did not pay and
that Frank supported her, but she has traveled back to The Hague since January 2012,
two or three times, or one time, to take training. [RR 5: 13-14; 53; 65] She likes
international criminal defense law and has her feelers out. She specialized in
international criminal law. She would like to represent Bashar al-Assad. [RR 5: 65-
66]
3. Although unable to produce any 2012 applications from her file
at trial, she stated she had applied to teach at South Texas College of Law and Texas
State University. [RR 5: 10, 12]
3. She has gone to Louisiana with her mother to gamble a couple of
times. [RR 5: 55]
4. She joined the Wharton Bar Association and filled out some piece
of paper to get appointments. The court (329th ) appointed her to represent a juvenile.
[RR 5: 12, 64]
57
5. Cynthia explained she was a member of SAG and was auditioning
for parts and meeting with “everybody” who is producing movies in Texas. She did
not have a list of “everybody” she has been meeting. She explained she went to a
cocktail party in Houston held by the Texas Film Commission. [RR 5: 62-63]
6. She has not considered changing from international criminal
defense and has not considered taking employment as a paralegal. She has not
thought about getting trained in a different area. [RR 5: 65-67] She has not applied
for work at a law firm. [RR 5: 13]
Cynthia’s minimum monthly needs, in excess of $16,000, and her refusal to
retrain or seek viable employment at any time, should not be considered as a
reasonable basis for awarding her the Texas ceiling of $5,000 monthly. Cynthia
could get a job. She could market her home at a price that would sell. [RR 5: 55-57]
Cynthia has not shown diligence in either earning sufficient income to provide
for her minimum reasonable needs or in developing necessary skills. Because there
are no facts to overcome the statutory presumption against spousal maintenance, the
court abused its discretion when it ordered Frank to pay Cynthia $5,000/month.
58
WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, Appellant FRANCIS W.
SINATRA respectfully requests the Honorable Court to sustain his first issue on
common law marriage, and to thereafter issue its opinion and render judgment that
Appellant and Appellee did not enter into an informal marriage; therefore, there was
no community property to divide. In the event the Court finds a marriage existed,
Appellant requests the Court to sustain his remaining issues, confirm his separate
property, vacate the Final Decree of Divorce, and remand for entry of a decree in
conformity with the Honorable Court’s opinion. Appellant requests such other and
further relief to which he may be entitled, both at law and in equity, and for which he
will ever pray.
Respectfully submitted,
JENKINS & KAMIN, L.L.P.
TWO GREENWAY PLAZA, STE. 600
HOUSTON, TX 77046
TEL: 713-600-5500
FAX: 713-600-5501
lstanton@jenkinskamin.com(non-service)
jenkinskaminservice@jenkinskamin.com
(e-service)
/s/ Lynn Kuriger Stanton
By:_____________________________
Lynn Kuriger Stanton
State Bar No. 11767600
59
LAW OFFICE OF WARREN COLE
3355 W. ALABAMA, STE. 825
HOUSTON, TX 77098
TEL: (713) 275-4444
FAX: (713) 400-9144
Email: warren@warcolelaw.com
/s/Warren Cole
By:_______________________________
Warren Cole
State Bar No. 04549500
ATTORNEYS FOR FRANCIS W. SINATRA
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
This brief complies with the form requirements, including word limits, as
contained in Rule 9.4, Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. The brief was prepared
using Wordperfect X5-6. The Word Count function states that the brief contains
14,382 words, excluding the items which are not to be counted under Rule 9.4(i)(1).
/s/ Lynn Kuriger Stanton
________________________________
LYNN KURIGER STANTON
60
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I certify that a true copy of the above Appellant’s Brief was served on
Robinson Ramsey and John Maher, who are appellate counsel and trial counsel for
Cynthia Sinatra, via e-filing, on March 5, 2015.
ROBINSON C. RAMSEY
LANGLEY & BANACK, INC.
Trinity Plaza II, Suite 900
745 E. Mulberry
San Antonio, Texas 78212
rramsey@langleybanack.com
JOHN C. MAHER, JR.
THE LAW OFFICE OF JOHN C. MAHER, JR.
212 E. Burleson Street
Wharton, Texas 77488
johncmaher@sbcglobal.net
/s/ Lynn Kuriger Stanton
_______________________________
LYNN KURIGER STANTON
Attorney for Francis Wayne Sinatra
61
The APPENDIX contains the following book-marked items:
Final Decree of Divorce, June 26, 2014
Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
Final Consent Decree of Divorce, March 29, 2001
Summary of $$ Paid to-for Cynthia, RX-52
Frank’s Trial Inventory, RX-72
Petitioner’s Exhibits 27 - 31
Texas Family Code, Sec. 2.401
Texas Family Code, Sec. 8.051
Texas Family Code, Sec. 8.052
Texas Family Code, Sec. 8.053
62