Cirilo L. Cornejo v. State

NO. 12-12-00055-CR
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT
TYLER, TEXAS
CIRILO L. CORNEJO, § APPEAL FROM THE 114TH
APPELLANT
V. § JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
APPELLEE § SMITH COUNTY, TEXAS
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Cirilo Cornejo appeals the trial court’s order revoking his community supervision. Appellant
raises two issues relating to double jeopardy and ineffective assistance of counsel. We affirm.
BACKGROUND
A Smith County grand jury indicted Appellant for the felony offense of driving while
intoxicated alleged to have occurred on or about October 18, 2009.1 On June 1, 2010, Appellant
pleaded guilty and was placed on community supervision for a period of ten years. On December 6,
2010, the State filed its first application to revoke Appellant’s community supervision, alleging that
Appellant tampered ―with the functions of his SCRAM bracelet from 9:13 a.m. until 6:18 p.m.‖ on
November 11, 2010.2 Appellant pleaded ―not true‖ to the allegation. Ultimately, the State made an
oral motion to dismiss, which was followed by a written motion to dismiss its application. The trial
court dismissed the application on January 24, 2011.
1
See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 49.04(a), 49.09(b) (West Supp. 2012).
2
The ―SCRAM bracelet‖ is an alcohol monitoring device that Appellant was required to wear as a condition of
community supervision.
On December 5, 2011, the State filed its second application to revoke Appellant’s community
supervision. The second application alleged three violations, specifically, that Appellant (1) ―failed
to complete the DWI Repeat Offender Program,‖ (2) ―tampered with the SCRAM bracelet from 9:13
a.m. to 6:18 p.m.‖ on November 11, 2010, and (3) ―tampered with the SCRAM bracelet from 11:44
a.m. to 9:34 p.m.‖ on November 28, 2011. Appellant pleaded ―true‖ to the State’s allegation that he
failed to complete the DWI Repeat Offender Program and pleaded ―not true‖ to the State’s allegations
that he tampered with the SCRAM bracelet.
After a hearing on the State’s second application, the trial court found that Appellant
committed the alleged violations and revoked his community supervision. The trial court assessed a
sentence of imprisonment for eight years. This appeal followed.
PRESERVATION OF ERROR
In his first issue, Appellant argues that the rule against double jeopardy prevented the State
from revoking his community supervision based on facts alleged in its first application to revoke.
Appellant concedes that no double jeopardy objection was raised at the second revocation hearing.
Accordingly, we must determine whether an exception to the requirement of error preservation
applies.
Standard of Review
Failure to present a timely and specific objection, request, or motion to the trial court for a
ruling results in waiver or forfeiture of the right to present the claim on appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P.
33.1; Mendez v. State, 138 S.W.3d 334, 341-42 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). The requirement that
complaints be raised in the trial court (1) ensures that the trial court will have an opportunity to
prevent or correct errors, thereby eliminating the need for a costly and time-consuming appeal and
retrial; (2) guarantees that opposing counsel will have a fair opportunity to respond to complaints; and
(3) promotes the orderly and effective presentation of the case to the trier of fact. Gillenwaters v.
State, 205 S.W.3d 534, 537 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006).
A double jeopardy claim first raised on appeal may be reviewed when (1) the undisputed
facts show the double jeopardy violation is clearly apparent on the face of the record, and (2) when
enforcement of the usual rules of procedural default serves no legitimate state interest. Ex parte
Denton, Nos. AP-76801, AP-76802, 2013 WL 2212917, at *2 (Tex. Crim. App. May 22, 2013);
2
Gonzalez v. State, 8 S.W.3d 640, 643 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000).
Applicable Law
The Fourteenth Amendment makes the Fifth Amendment’s Double Jeopardy Clause
applicable to the states. Brown v. Ohio, 432 U.S. 161, 164, 97 S. Ct. 2221, 2225, 53 L. Ed. 2d 187
(1977); Ex parte Amador, 326 S.W.3d 202, 205 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010).3 It protects an accused
against (1) a second prosecution for the same offense after acquittal, (2) a second prosecution for the
same offense after conviction, and (3) multiple punishments for the same offense. Ex parte Denton,
2013 WL 2212917, at *3; Ex parte Amador, 326 S.W.3d at 205. But in an application to revoke a
defendant’s community supervision, the fact that a defendant was twice placed in risk of punishment
does not mean that he was subjected to double jeopardy. See Ex parte Tarver, 725 S.W.2d 195, 197
(Tex. Crim. App. 1986).
The traditional bar against double jeopardy prohibits a second prosecution for the crime itself.
Ex parte Byrd, 752 S.W.2d 559, 564 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988). Double jeopardy does not prohibit
twice subjecting an individual to a revocation of community supervision proceeding based on the
same alleged probationary violation. Id.
Discussion
Neither of the State’s applications to revoke Appellant’s community supervision alleged that
Appellant violated the conditions of community supervision by committing a criminal offense.
Nevertheless, Appellant argues that a double jeopardy violation is clear on the record because both
applications contained the same allegation–that Appellant tampered with the SCRAM bracelet on
November 11, 2010, from 9:13 a.m. to 6:18 p.m.
A review of the reporter’s record from the first revocation hearing shows that after testimony
had begun, the State withdrew its exhibits and made an oral motion to dismiss its application.
Defense counsel then stated that he assumed the State’s dismissal was with prejudice, and the trial
court stated, ―I’m assuming that as well.‖ But in the written order dismissing the application, the
trial court does not state that the application to revoke was dismissed with prejudice.
The only other reference to a dismissal ―with prejudice‖ relating to the State’s first application
is found in a ―Change of Status‖ document contained in the clerk’s record. That document includes
3
The Fifth Amendment provides in relevant part that no person shall ―be subject for the same offence to be twice
put in jeopardy of life or limb.‖ U.S. CONST. amend. V.
3
a notation that states, ―Application to revoke[] is dismissed with prejudice. Release from jail today.‖
There is no oral or written finding in the record that shows the trial court found the State’s allegation
in its first application ―not true.‖
Conclusion
After reviewing the entire record, we cannot conclude that a double jeopardy claim is clearly
apparent on the face of this record. See Gonzalez, 8 S.W.3d at 643. Neither application for
revocation alleged that Appellant violated his community supervision by committing any criminal
offense; thus, double jeopardy does not apply. See U.S. CONST. amend. V; Ex parte Tarver, 725
S.W.2d at 197 (double jeopardy protects ―accused against being twice placed in jeopardy of
punishment for the same offence‖); see also Clewis v. State, 222 S.W.3d 460, 464 (Tex. App.—Tyler
2007, pet. ref’d) (double jeopardy historically inapplicable to sentencing proceedings because
determinations at issue do not place a defendant in jeopardy for an offense). 4 Because double
jeopardy does not apply and is thus not clearly apparent on the face of the record, the exception to
error preservation does not apply. See Gonzalez, 8 S.W.3d at 643, 645. Accordingly, we overrule
Appellant’s first issue.
INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
In his second issue, Appellant argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel.
Appellant bases his argument on the fact that the record ―present[ed] a clear double jeopardy
violation.‖ Because we have concluded to the contrary, we need not address Appellant’s second
issue. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1.
DISPOSITION
Having overruled Appellant’s first issue, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
SAM GRIFFITH
Justice
Opinion delivered May 31, 2013.
Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Griffith, J., and Hoyle, J.
(DO NOT PUBLISH)
4
A claim of collateral estoppel was not raised at trial or on appeal.
4
COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS DISTRICT OF TEXAS
JUDGMENT
MAY 31, 2013
NO. 12-12-00055-CR
CIRILO L. CORNEJO,
Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
Appellee
Appeal from the 114th Judicial District Court
of Smith County, Texas. (Tr.Ct.No. 114-0297-10)
THIS CAUSE came to be heard on the appellate record and briefs filed
herein, and the same being considered, it is the opinion of this court that there was no error in the
judgment.
It is therefore ORDERED, ADJUDGED and DECREED that the judgment
of the court below be in all things affirmed, and that this decision be certified to the court below
for observance.
Sam Griffith, Justice.
Panel consisted of Worthen, C.J., Griffith, J., and Hoyle, J.
5