DocketNumber： 03-10-00220-CV
Filed Date： 9/22/2010
Status： Precedential
Modified Date： 4/17/2021
TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-10-00220-CV
Amy Guedea and Luis Guedea Veloz, Appellants
v.
Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BURNET COUNTY, 33RD JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. 36,304, HONORABLE ROB HOFMANN, JUDGE PRESIDING
After a bench trial, the trial court terminated Amy Guedea and Luis Guedea Veloz's parental rights to their minor children, E.A.B.G., R.L.G., G.G., P.J.G., and L.R.G. Both Amy and Luis filed notices of appeal from the final order terminating their parental rights. In their statements of points on appeal, Amy and Luis each asserted that the evidence was insufficient to establish that termination of their respective parental rights was in the children's best interest; Luis further asserted that he did not receive a fair trial because his court-appointed counsel was ineffective. Following a hearing, the trial court found that both appellants were indigent and, after considering their statements of points on appeal, that both appeals were frivolous. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 263.405 (West 2008). Amy and Luis now appeal the trial court's findings that their respective appeals are frivolous. We affirm the frivolousness findings.
An appeal is frivolous when it lacks an arguable basis in law or in fact. In re M.N.V., 216 S.W.3d 833, 834 (Tex. App.--San Antonio 2006, no pet.); see In re K.D., 202 S.W.3d 860, 866 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 2006, no pet.). In determining whether an appeal is frivolous, the trial court may consider whether the appellant has presented a substantial question for appellate review. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 263.405(d)(3) (incorporating standard set in Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 13.003(b) (West 2002)). We review the trial court's decision that the appeal is frivolous under an abuse-of-discretion standard. M.N.V., 216 S.W.3d at 834; K.D., 202 S.W.3d at 866. A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts in an arbitrary or unreasonable manner or without reference to any guiding rules or principles. Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241-42 (Tex. 1985); see Lumpkin v. Texas Dep't of Family & Protective Servs., 260 S.W.3d 524, 527 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.).
A court may terminate parental rights if it finds by clear and convincing evidence that a parent has committed any of the several statutory bases for termination and that termination is in the best interest of the child. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001 (West Supp. 2009); Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 370-72 (Tex. 1976). Clear and convincing evidence is "that measure or degree of proof which will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the allegations sought to be established." In re G.M., 596 S.W.2d 846, 847 (Tex. 1980). In a legal-sufficiency review of an order terminating parental rights, an appellate court reviews all the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding to determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true. In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266 (Tex. 2002). In a factual-sufficiency review, the inquiry is whether the evidence is such that a fact-finder could reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction about the truth of the allegations. Id.
Best-interest determination
In their statements of points on appeal, Amy and Luis both asserted that the evidence was insufficient to establish that termination of their parental rights was in the children's best interest. The best interest of the child is assessed using a nonexclusive list of factors set out by the supreme court, including (1) the desires of the children, (2) the emotional and physical needs of the children now and in the future, (3) the emotional and physical danger to the children now and in the future, (4) the parental abilities of the individuals seeking custody, (5) the programs available to assist the individuals seeking custody, (6) the stability of the home or proposed placement, and (7) the acts or omissions of the parent that may indicate that the existing parent-child relationship is not a proper one, and any excuses therefor. See Holley, 544 S.W.2d at 371-72. Evidence need not establish the existence of every factor to support a finding that termination is in the best interest of the children; in some cases, undisputed evidence of just one factor may be sufficient to support a finding that termination is in the child's best interest. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 27 (Tex. 2002).
Assessing the evidence against the Holley factors reveals the following:
The children were removed in April of 2009, and since then have been living in a foster home with caregivers who were willing to adopt all five children, thereby allowing the sibling bond to remain intact. The children were aware that the foster home is their intended adoptive home and have indicated that they are happy in their placement and want to be adopted by their current caregivers.
The current caregivers are supportive, appropriate, and capable of providing for the children's emotional and physical needs. Since they began living in their foster home, the two school-age children have been doing well academically and have been participating in extracurricular activities.
Both Amy and Luis are unable to care for the children at the present time, as they are currently incarcerated in federal prison for drug-related offenses. The record shows that Amy will not be released for the next five years, and Luis will not be released for the next ten. In addition, it appears that Luis will be deported once he completes his prison sentence.
Although Amy had successfully completed many of the services the Department had required of her, she failed to complete court-ordered individual therapy and currently has no source of income and no way to provide for the children financially. There was also evidence that Amy had failed to recognize that having drugs and weapons in the house--the situation that led to her arrest and incarceration--posed a danger to the children.
The Department and the court-appointed special advocate had unsuccessfully searched for appropriate relative placements for the children where they could remain while their parents finished their prison sentences. Of the possible relatives suggested by Amy and Luis, only one could be located and the home did not pass the Department's home-study evaluation.
Based on the record before us, the contention that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support the finding that termination is in the children's best interest does not present a substantial, arguable question of fact or law. We therefore conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding the appeals frivolous insofar as they relied on this contention.
Ineffective assistance of counsel
Luis further asserted in his statement of points that he had received ineffective assistance of counsel. In order to establish counsel was ineffective, Luis is required to show that: (1) his counsel's performance was deficient; and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced his defense. See in re M.S., 115 S.W.3d 534, 545 (Tex. 2003). To demonstrate prejudice, Luis must show a reasonable probability exists that the result of the proceeding would have been different but for counsel's deficient performance. Id. at 549-50. As he has neither filed a brief explaining how counsel's performance was deficient nor produced an appellate record that establishes deficient performance, we must overrule this contention on appeal. See In re A.D.A., 287 S.W.3d 382, 390 (Tex. App.--Texarkana 2009, no pet.).
Having affirmed the trial court's findings that Amy and Luis's appeals are frivolous, we determine that neither is entitled to a free record on appeal. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 13.003; Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 263.405(d)(3), (g). Accordingly, appellants must pay or make arrangements to pay for the reporter's record on or before October 4, 2010, and must inform this Court's clerk's office by letter of what payment or arrangements to pay have been made by that date. If the reporter's record is filed, appellants' briefs will be due twenty days from the date the record was filed. If no reporter's record is to be filed, that appeal will be submitted on the record at hand, and appellants' briefs will be due on or before October 12, 2010. If either appellant no longer wishes to pursue this appeal, he or she should file a motion to dismiss.
It is so ordered September 22, 2010.
J. Woodfin Jones, Chief Justice
Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Puryear and Pemberton