State Office of Risk Management v. Elaine E. Banks Joiner

In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
______________________________
No. 06-11-00047-CV
______________________________
ROBERT MYRON MOORE, JR., AND REBECCA ROSE MOORE, Appellants
V.
JUDITH A. ELLSWORTH, Appellee
On Appeal from the 336th Judicial District Court
Fannin County, Texas
Trial Court No. CV-09-39314
Before Morriss, C.J., Carter and Moseley, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Moseley
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Robert Myron Moore, Jr., and wife, Rebecca Rose Moore, appeal from a summary
judgment awarding Judith A. Ellsworth judgment on a note and ordering judicial foreclosure of
lien on a called five-acre tract of land in Fannin County, Texas, held by the Moores.
The procedural history underlying this appeal is convoluted. In short, the suit was filed by
Ellsworth in 2009, seeking to recover judgment on a note and to foreclose a lien securing it. The
Moores first filed a response and then filed bankruptcy, staying the proceedings in the instant suit.
During this time, the Moores’ travel trailer, which was situated on the property, burned. The
Moores’ bankruptcy suit was dismissed July 23, 2010, and this lawsuit then resumed. Ellsworth
filed a motion for summary judgment on December 17, 2010, which was set for hearing on March
3, 2011. The Moores did not timely file a response. Instead, on the date of the hearing, the
Moores presented a response and also asked for a continuance (or postponement) based on what
was termed a “medical necessity.” The trial court denied the request for a postponement,
conducted the hearing, and signed a summary judgment March 3, 2011.
In their pro se brief, the Moores contend that the trial court denied them due process by its
grant of summary judgment. The United States Constitution provides that a person shall not be
deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. U.S. CONST. amend. XIV, § 1;
see also TEX. CONST. art. I, § 19. Fundamental to the concept of due process is the right to be
heard. Jordan v. Jordan, 653 S.W.2d 356, 358 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1983, no writ) (per
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curiam) (citing Fuentes v. Shevin, 407 U.S. 67, 80 (1972)). The right to be heard includes the
right to a full and fair hearing before a court having jurisdiction over the matter. Id. It also
entails the right to introduce evidence and to examine witnesses. Id. A party’s right to be heard
further includes the right to have judgment rendered only after a trial on the merits. Id.
However, a party’s right to due process does not mean that a case may never be disposed of
before a full trial on the merits. Walden v. Affiliated Computer Servs., Inc., 97 S.W.3d 303,
322–23 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, pet. denied). A motion for summary judgment is
the preferred method for pretrial disposal of a case in its entirety. Soefje v. Jones, 270 S.W.3d
617, 625 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2008, no pet.). Due process is provided by the rules that
provide summary judgment procedure. The Texas Rules of Civil Procedure provide the
nonmovant twenty-one days’ notice before a summary judgment hearing. TEX. R. CIV. P.
166a(c). The nonmovant’s summary judgment response is due at least seven days before the
hearing date. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). If upon application of those rules, no questions of
material fact appear, or if there is no evidence to support a claim, summary judgment may be
granted.
There is nothing in the record to show a lack of notice, but the Moores failed to file a timely
response. When due notice is provided of the filing of a motion for summary judgment, due
process has been afforded the opposing party, but that opponent of the summary judgment is
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compelled to follow the prescribed rules or process. No error in that regard has been shown.
The contentions of error concerning application of summary judgment procedures are overruled.
The Moores also argue that the trial court erred by not considering their response, which
was filed on the day scheduled for a hearing on the motion for summary judgment and filed
simultaneously with their motion to postpone. The rules applying to the procedure to be followed
pertaining to a motion for summary judgment state, “Except on leave of court, the adverse party,
not later than seven days prior to the day of the hearing may file and serve opposing affidavits or
other written response [to a summary judgment motion].” TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). Thus, a party
seeking to file a tardy response to a motion for summary judgment must first seek leave of the
court to do so. This leave should be granted by the court when a litigant establishes good cause
for failing to timely respond by showing that (1) the failure to respond was not intentional or the
result of conscious indifference, but the result of accident or mistake, and (2) allowing the late
response will occasion no undue delay or otherwise injure the party seeking summary judgment.
Carpenter v. Cimarron Hydrocarbons Corp., 98 S.W.3d 682, 688 (Tex. 2002); LeBlanc v. Lange,
No. 01-08-01029-CV, 2011 WL 4398537, at *10 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Sept. 22, 2011,
no pet. h.).
Similarly, we also review the denial of a motion for continuance for an abuse of discretion.
Schneider Nat’l Carriers, Inc. v. Bates, 147 S.W.3d 264, 292 n.142 (Tex. 2004) (citing Villegas v.
Carter, 711 S.W.2d 624, 626 (Tex. 1986)). When a party seeks a continuance in order to respond
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to a motion for summary judgment, he must file either an affidavit explaining the need for further
discovery or a verified motion for continuance. Martinez v. Leeds, 218 S.W.3d 845, 849 n.3 (Tex.
App.—El Paso 2007, no pet.); accord Rankin v. Union Pac. R.R. Co., 319 S.W.3d 58, 67 (Tex.
App.—San Antonio 2010, no pet.); see also TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(g), 251.
In this case, although the Moores did not specifically ask for permission to allow the late
filing of their summary judgment response, the omnibus, one-size-fits-all motion to postpone they
filed does contain language asking for “postponement of scheduled submissions, pleadings,
hearings, judgments and mandates pertaining to this cause.” Although the motion lacks
specificity as to the relief they needed to have (the motion requests almost every type of relief that
might perhaps exist at every point in the proceeding), it can, however, be broadly read that way.
Thus, we will address the issue.
Although the motion is written, it is neither verified nor accompanied by an affidavit.
Rule 251 provides the trial court shall not grant a continuance “except for sufficient cause
supported by affidavit, or by consent of the parties, or by operation of law.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 251.
Therefore, since it does not satisfy this requirement, it completely fails under the Rule.
Accordingly, the Moores have not shown this Court that the trial court abused its discretion by
denying the requested postponement. The contentions of error are overruled.
The Moores also argue that the trial court erred by overruling their motion for rehearing,
because there were conflicts in the evidence presented at that hearing. Determining whether to
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grant or deny a motion for new trial is a matter which falls within the sound discretion of the trial
judge. Bank One, Tex., N.A. v. Moody, 830 S.W.2d 81, 85 (Tex. 1992); Strackbein v. Prewitt, 671
S.W.2d 37, 38 (Tex. 1984). The exercise of that discretion is based upon the trial court’s
consideration of the documents and (if applicable) the evidence at any hearing conducted on the
motion. Thus, any conflicts in evidence are necessarily to be resolved by the court, and the
existence of such conflicts do not justify concluding that the trial court abused its discretion in
overruling the motion for new trial (rehearing). The contention of error is overruled.
The Moores further contend that the court erred by considering statements made by
opposing counsel about the Moores’ lack of any genuine medical necessity as relates to the
requested postponement and by overruling their objections to questions which were raised at the
hearing not relevant to that hearing. We have reviewed the record and find no evidentiary
statements by opposing counsel concerning the medical condition. Counsel did question
witnesses about the medical claims and argued that necessity was neither properly shown nor
adequately proven in the motion to postpone hearing. Such questions and argument are not
objectionable. Even if it were shown on appeal that these were objectionable (which does not
appear to be so), there was no objection to either opposing counsel’s questions or to his argument;
thus, the claim of error has not been preserved for review. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1.
The Moores also contend that counsel’s argument and statements before the court about the
underlying note were irrelevant and that the court erred by overruling their objections to that
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argument. However, the motion for rehearing contained arguments that Ellsworth had not
adequately proven up her claim; thus, such statements were responsive to the motion and were
relevant. The contentions of error are overruled.
The Moores argue finally that the trial court abused its discretion by ruling against them on
the effort to late file their response in light of the court’s permission to counsel for Ellsworth
allowing him to file his contest to their indigency claim only minutes before that hearing.
Different rules are in play in the two motions. Rule 20.1 of the Texas Rules of Appellate
Procedure controls the proceeding in indigency in civil cases. TEX. R. APP. P. 20.1. A very brief
review of the procedure in this case shows that the procedure was not properly followed, and we
ultimately issued an order directing indigency to be properly determined. Our order was issued
on August 2, 2011. In that order, we directed that any contest to the claim of indigency be filed
within ten days after the district clerk received our order and that if any contest was filed, a hearing
must be conducted within ten days after the contest was filed. The clerk filed such a motion on
August 4, 2011. The trial court then set the matter for hearing on August 11, 2011, and Ellsworth
filed her separate contest (essentially an argument in support of the clerk’s position) just prior to
the hearing on August 11, 2011.1
Ellsworth filed her documentation within the time frame set out by this Court in its order.
Accordingly, we cannot find that the trial court was acting improperly by allowing its filing.
Further, as previously stated, separate rules control the timetable for filing a response to a motion
1
A full record was provided on appeal. There is, therefore, no extant issue concerning indigency.
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for summary judgment, and the trial court acted within its discretion in declining to allow that late
filing––while acting in accordance with the order of this Court in considering the indigency
contest. No error has been shown.
We affirm the judgment.
Bailey C. Moseley
Justice
Date Submitted: March 20, 2012
Date Decided: March 21, 2012
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