in Re: Castle Texas Production Limited Partnership

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF TEXAS
══════════
No. 17-0863
══════════
IN RE CASTLE TEXAS PRODUCTION LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, RELATOR
══════════════════════════════════════════
ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS
══════════════════════════════════════════
PER CURIAM
Four years ago, we clarified how to determine the accrual date for postjudgment interest
when a remand for further proceedings requires new evidence. See generally Long v. Castle Tex.
Prod. Ltd. P’ship, 426 S.W.3d 73 (Tex. 2014). We summarized our holding as follows:
[P]ostjudgment interest accrues from the final judgment date unless the appellate
court can or does render the judgment the trial court should have rendered. If the
trial court determines that it must reopen the record on remand based upon the
record and pleadings as they existed at the time of the remand, postjudgment
interest will accrue from the subsequent judgment. But if the court of appeals can
or does render the judgment the trial court should have rendered, postjudgment
interest accrues from the original, erroneous trial court judgment.
Id. at 87. We then applied our holding to the facts before us in that case:
Here, the court of appeals remanded for the trial court to assess prejudgment interest
based upon the date the Long Trusts received joint interest billings. The trial court
determined it required additional evidence to decide that issue. Because there was
insufficient evidence in the record establishing when the Long Trusts received the
billings and because the trial court had no duty to deny Castle’s request for
prejudgment interest on the existing record, we find no basis to conclude that the
trial court’s ruling to reopen the record was an abuse of discretion. Accordingly,
postjudgment interest must accrue from the trial court’s final judgment in 2009.
We reverse the court of appeals’ judgment and remand for the trial court to render
judgment for Castle, with postjudgment interest to accrue in accordance with this
opinion.
Id. (emphasis added).
On remand, however, the trial court issued a letter ruling stating that the record must be re-
opened to “determine postjudgment interest including the accrual period.” Castle petitioned the
court of appeals for mandamus relief from the trial court’s ruling, arguing that the trial court
exceeded the scope of this Court’s mandate by indicating its intent to re-open the record. In a split
opinion, the court of appeals denied relief. No. 12-17-00178-CV, 2017 WL 3225070 (Tex. App.—
Tyler 2017, orig. proceeding) (mem. op.). The majority reasoned that mandamus relief was
unwarranted because the trial court’s letter ruling did not explain its rationale for re-opening the
record, and therefore the record “does not include sufficient information to enable this Court to
conduct the balancing test required by Prudential.” Id. at *4 (referencing In re Prudential Ins. Co.
of Am., 148 S.W.3d 124 (Tex. 2004)). The majority further concluded that “the trial court’s
decision to reopen the record is not inconsistent with the supreme court’s directive” because the
trial court retains discretion “to determine whether the record contained sufficient evidence to
correctly award postjudgment interest.” Id. In any event, the trial court’s ultimate decision, the
majority noted, would be reviewable on appeal. Id. at *4–5.
A dissenting justice disagreed, arguing that the trial court “exceeded its authority when it
ordered the reopening of the record” in light of this Court’s “clear instruction for the trial court to
render judgment for Castle with postjudgment interest to accrue on March 25, 2009.” Id. at *5
(Hoyle, J., dissenting). Justice Hoyle would have held the trial court abused its discretion in
reopening the record because (1) there were no outstanding issues requiring additional evidence;
(2) the trial court’s letter ruling was not vague; it clearly expressed intent to re-open the record to
decide the accrual date for postjudgment interest; and (3) mandamus relief is appropriate when a
2
lower court fails to comply with this Court’s judgment and to avoid further waste of time and
resources. See id. at *5–6.
We agree with the dissenting justice. The scope of our remand, which we think was clear,
was simply to render judgment for Castle with postjudgment interest accruing from the trial court’s
final judgment issued in 2009. Our further instruction for the trial court to proceed “in accordance
with this opinion” is not, as the real party in interest seems to suggest, an invitation to raise new
arguments that would require re-opening the record. See Phillips v. Bramlett, 407 S.W.3d 229, 234
(Tex. 2013) (“[T]he trial court has no authority to take any action that is inconsistent with or
beyond the scope of that which is necessary to give full effect to the appellate court's judgment
and mandate.”). True, our opinion stated in its analysis that, generally speaking, “the determination
of whether the record must be reopened on remand is one for the trial court in the first instance to
be made based upon the time of remand.” Long, 426 S.W.3d at 85. But this general statement does
not override our specific holding as to the parties before us in that case or our explicit instruction
to the trial court on a limited remand. Here, the trial court had a ministerial duty to “render
judgment for Castle, with postjudgment interest to accrue in accordance with this opinion.” Id. at
87. In the immediately preceding sentence, we stated that “postjudgment interest must accrue from
the trial court’s final judgment in 2009.” Id. There is no need to re-open the record to comply with
this directive. We have set the accrual date. The interest rate is set by statute. See TEX. FIN. CODE
§§ 304.001–.302. All that remains is for the trial court to render judgment as directed.
Mandamus relief is appropriate to enforce our mandate. See, e.g., Wells v. Littlefield, 62
Tex. 28, 31 (1884) (“If [a lower court’s judgment is] reversed and sent down to have some special
judgment rendered by the court below, jurisdiction remains till that particular judgment is entered
3
up, and the mandate of the court obeyed. For the purpose of enforcing all such orders coming
within the appellate jurisdiction of the court it may resort to the writ of mandamus . . . .”). We
further note that this case has dragged on for twenty-two years, through multiple appeals, remands,
a bankruptcy stay, petitions for mandamus relief, and more. We are fully cognizant of the
additional time and resources that would be wasted by the trial court’s decision to re-open the
record despite our directive to render judgment and finally dispose of this case. See In re
Prudential, 148 S.W.3d at 136 (“Mandamus review . . . may be essential to . . . spare private parties
and the public the time and money utterly wasted enduring eventual reversal of improperly
conducted proceedings.”). Accordingly, and without hearing oral argument, see TEX. R. APP. P.
52.8(c), we again direct the trial court to render judgment for Castle with postjudgment interest
accruing from the trial court’s final judgment issued in 2009, see Long, 426 S.W.3d at 87, and
further direct the trial court not to re-open the record in doing so. We are confident the trial court
will comply, and our writ will issue only if it does not.
OPINION DELIVERED: November 16, 2018
4