Barrett v. Patrick

BROOKSHIRE, Justice,

dissenting.

I respectfully dissent. The issue in this appeal is: To whom, or against whom, is a prior Vi6th royalty interest to be charged when construing the subsequent deeds? The trial court concluded that the Vi6th royalty interest was chargeable to and against the grantee’s (Barrett’s) interest.

I would hold that the trial court correctly held that the Vi6th royalty interest, reserved by Tuer and wife, was properly chargeable against the Barrett V2 mineral interest because Patrick’s deed to Barrett excepted this Visth royalty interest. There are no disputed facts. The case comes to us on a Stipulation of Facts.

It is stipulated that, on July 13, 1946, L.G. Tuer and wife, Iva Mae Tuer, conveyed to R.D. Patrick a tract of land consisting of approximately 44.5 acres, more or less. This deed is recorded in Volume 287, page 372, of the Deed Records of Liberty County, Texas, being the first deed recited in the Stipulation of Facts. In that 1946 deed, the grantors, the Tuers, reserved a Vi6th royalty interest by the following language:

“there is hereby excepted and reserved to the said L.G. Tuer and wife, Iva Mae Tuer, their heirs and assigns an undivided Vi6th royalty interest in and to all of the oil, gas, sulphur and other minerals in and under and that may be produced ...”

It is further stipulated that on September 1, 1950, R.D. Patrick and wife, Minnie Ola Patrick, conveyed the same 44.5 acres to Maurice Franklin Barrett and wife, Carrie Lee Barrett, by deed recorded in Volume 339, page 180, of the Deed Records of Liberty County, Texas. The 1950 deed contained the following exception:

“However, there is excepted from this conveyance a one-sixteenth (Vieth) royalty interest in and to all of the oil, gas, sulphur and other minerals in and under and that may be produced from the above described tract of land, which said one-sixteenth (Vieth) royalty interest was reserved unto L.G. Tuer and wife, Iva Mae Tuer, by deed dated July 13, 1946, and recorded in Volume 287, page 372, Deed Records, Liberty County, Texas, to which reference is here made.” (Emphasis added)

Finally, that same 1950 deed, from the Pat-ricks to the Barretts, contains the following reservations and exceptions:

“There is, however, excepted and reserved to the Grantors, their heirs and assigns, an undivided one-half (V2) interest in and to all of the oil, gas, sulphur and other minerals in and under the above described land, together with the right of free ingress and egress in, on and across the above described land at any and all times for the purpose of prospecting, exploring, and developing said minerals, which shall include the drilling and producing therefrom, treating, storing and transporting said oil, gas, sulphur and other minerals, all by whatever means may be convenient, except a one-thirty-second (V32nd) royalty interest in and to all of the oil, gas, sulphur and other minerals in and under that may be produced from said land, out of the minerals so reserved herein, which said one-thirty-second (V32nd) royalty interest is hereby specifically conveyed by Grantors herein to Grantees herein.”

These two important clauses in the 1950 deed must be read together.

It is important to note that in the July 13, 1946, deed L.G. Tuer and wife, Iva Mae Tuer, both excepted and reserved to themselves the Vwth royalty interest, and they used those specific words of art. It is also crucial to note that in the deed of September 1,1950, Patrick and wife excepted from their conveyance a Vi6th royalty interest and identified that Vi6th royalty interest as being the same Vi6th royalty interest that was reserved and excepted unto Tuer and wife by the July 13, 1946 deed. It is abundantly clear that that Vi6th royalty interest, belonging to the Tuers, never was conveyed into the Barretts. And, of course, it is noteworthy that there was excepted and reserved to the grantors, the Patricks, a full undivided V2 interest in and to the mineral interest in the 44.5 acre tract of land and that there was only a Vs2nd royalty interest to the oil, gas, sulphur and other minerals that may be produced from the said land, which said V32nd royalty interest was specifically conveyed by the grantors to the grantees — the grantors being the Patricks and the grantees being the Bar-retts — which V32nd royalty interest was specifically reserved out of the mineral or minerals estate.

Then, about 2 years later, by deed of February 6, 1952, in the Deed Records, at Vol. 364, page 358, L.G. Tuer and wife, Ida Mae Tuer, conveyed to R.D. Patrick the Vieth royalty interest that they had originally reserved and had owned up until the date of February 6, 1952, when they conveyed it to R.D. Patrick. Hence, it is clear that Patrick had a Vi6th royalty interest from Tuer, which is equal to %2nds, and that Patrick affirmatively conveyed only a V32nd to the Barretts. Hence, Patrick had a remaining Vknd that he excepted and reserved to himself and for his benefit when he gave the deed of September 1, 1950, to Maurice Franklin Barrett and wife, Carrie Lee Barrett. Therefore, Patrick undoubtedly owned a %2nds royalty interest after purchasing the Tuers’ reserved Vwth royalty interest in February, 1952.

The Plaintiffs below, and the Appellees here, are the devisees of R.D. Patrick and wife, Minnie Ola Patrick.

The Appellant, E.E. Barrett, is the sole devisee of Maurice Franklin Barrett and wife, Carrie Lee Barrett.

It is of paramount importance, in the case sub judice, to make the correct distinction between an exception and a reservation. A clear expression of the difference between an exception and reservation is set out in 30 TEX.JUR.3d, Deeds [Exceptions and Reservations] sec. 135 (1983). Section 135, at page 392, reads as follows:

“An exception in a deed is not the same as a reservation. An exception excludes from the operation of the deed some part of the land described, whereas a reservation refers to the estate retained by the grantor. The primary distinction between a reservation and exception is that a reservation must always be in favor of and for the benefit of the grantor, while an exception is a mere exclusion from the grant, in favor of the grantor only to the extent that such interest as is excepted may then be vested in the grantor, and not outstanding in another....”

I think that the holding and reasoning in Klein v. Humble Oil & Refining Co., 67 S.W.2d 911 (Tex.Civ.App.—Beaumont 1934, modified on other grounds, 126 Tex. 450, 86 S.W.2d 1077, 1935), is controlling. In Klein, supra, a Mr. Stein conveyed 60 acres to Klein but reserved a Vsth mineral interest in the east 10 acres. Later, Klein conveyed the same 60 acres to one Baker; however, Klein excepted a Vsth mineral interest in the east 10 acres. There was no affirmative, specific mention made in the deed for whose benefit the exception operated. Baker then leased to Humble Oil & Refining Company and a dispute arose as to whether or not Klein owned any of the minerals. The Beaumont Court of Civil Appeals reasoned that Klein did not own any of the minerals because he merely excepted the Vsth minerals that Stein had previously reserved in his conveyance into Klein. The Beaumont court held, at page 915:

“The primary distinction between a reservation and exception is that a reservation must always be in favor of and for the benefit of the grantor, whereas, an exception is a mere exclusion from the grant, in favor of the grantor only to the extent that such interest as is excepted may then be vested in the grantor, and not outstanding in another.” (Emphasis theirs)

Although the Supreme Court of Texas later modified the judgment of the Beaumont Court of Civil Appeals; nevertheless, the Supreme Court expressly approved the Beaumont Court's holding and language on the reservation — exception construction question. The Supreme Court wrote, at page 1078:

“All parties admit that, in their deed to Klein, Stein and wife reserved to themselves a determinable fee to Vs of all mineral rights in and under the east 10 acres. It is the contention of Klein and those claiming under him that Klein and wife in their deed to Baker excepted for themselves an additional Vs of all mineral rights in the east 10 acres. With respect to this contention the Court of Civil Appeals held that the deed from Klein and wife to Baker conveyed all of the interest they had in the property; that the exception contained therein had the effect of excluding from the conveyance only the Vs reserved by Stein and wife in their deed to Klein, and that the purpose of the Klein exception was to protect their warranty as against the Stein reservation.

“Much of the opinion of the Court of Civil Appeals is devoted to a discussion of this question. We are in full agreement with that holding, and do not deem it necessary or desirable to enter into another discussion of that phase of the case. We have examined the assignments presented in the application of Klein and his assigns for a writ of error and find them well answered by the opinion of the Court of Civil Appeals.” (Emphasis added)

Indeed, Klein, supra, was decided by the Beaumont Court of Civil Appeals, in 1934, in an excellent opinion written by Justice O’Quinn.

We must quote from the Supreme Court opinion, at 914:

“The cardinal rule for the construction of deeds is to ascertain the intention of the parties as expressed in the deed. 14 TexJur. 910, sec. 132, and authorities cited. In ascertaining this intention all the provisions of the deed are to be considered. The intention is not to be gotten from an isolated clause or paragraph, but must be gathered from a fair construction of the entire instrument. Each clause or paragraph must be construed with reference to every other paragraph, and the effect of one paragraph upon the other determined....”

Undoubtedly, Patrick, in his September 1, 1950 deed to the Barretts, intended to reserve a Vfond royalty interest in himself and for his benefit. Patrick knew of the Vwth royalty interest then owned by Tuer and wife.

By a separate chain of title, Patrick obtained an additional Vi6th royalty interest from L.G. Tuer and wife. Hence, Appellee, Patrick, owns Hand plus Vieth equaling %2nds royalty. This is equivalent to .11458333 under an oil and gas lease with a Véth rather than a 14th royalty reserved to the royalty owners.

In summary, the deraignment of title to the royalty interest in question is as follows. In July, 1946, L.G. Tuer and wife conveyed 44.5 acres to R.D. Patrick. The Stipulation of Facts, upon which this case was tried and appealed, provided that the grantors, Tuer and wife, reserved a Vi6th royalty interest.

In September, 1950, R.D. Patrick and wife, Minnie Ola Patrick, conveyed the same 44.5 acres to Maurice Franklin Barrett and wife, Carrie Lee Barrett, by deed. The Stipulation of Facts sets out that that deed, firstly, contained the following exception: A Vi6th royalty interest in and to all the oil, gas, sulphur and other minerals in and under, or that may be produced from, the above described land, which said Vieth royalty interest was reserved to L.G. Tuer and wife, Iva Mae Tuer. That was clearly an exception, as to Patrick, and it was so stipulated and Patrick obviously was making that Vi6th exception of royalty in favor of Tuer because Tuer had reserved the same Vieth royalty interest in the deed to Patrick. Patrick knew this, being the grantee of the Tuers.

The same 1950 deed contains the following reservations and exceptions as agreed to in the Stipulation of Facts. The Patricks both excepted and reserved to themselves, the grantors, an undivided V2 interest in the mineral estate. Patrick knew, and had knowledge of, the Vieth royalty reservation for the benefit of the Tuers. The Patricks reserved to themselves an undivided k interest in the mineral estate. So, at this point in time, the Patricks owned V2 of the mineral estate and a Vwth royalty interest. Clearly, the other Vi6th royalty interest was still owned by Tuer and wife. The Patricks fully understood this status of the respective mineral interest and royalty interest.

The Patricks then carefully provided that a Vhnd royalty interest, being V2 of the Patricks’ Vi6th royalty interest, was specifically conveyed by the Patricks to the Bar-retts. Then, at that point, the state of the title was V2 of the mineral estate in the Patricks, V2 of the mineral estate in the Barretts, Vwth royalty interest in the Tuers, V32nd royalty interest in the Patricks and a V32nd royalty interest in the Barretts. The Barretts had constructive knowledge of the Vi6th royalty interest then outstanding in the Tuers.

Two years later, by deed of February 6, 1952, L.G. Tuer and wife, Iva Mae Tuer, conveyed to R.D. Patrick their Vi6th royalty interest, which they had originally reserved. Hence, the Patricks already having a V32nd royalty interest, acquired an additional Vi6th royalty interest by deed of February 6, 1952, wherein L.G. Tuer and wife, Iva Mae Tuer, conveyed to R.D. Patrick their full Vi6th royalty interest, making R.D. Patrick the owner of %2nds royalty interest.

The only royalty interest that the Bar-retts ever acquired amounte.d to a Vs2nd royalty interest; considering, of course, that any prospective oil, gas and mineral lease would provide for the usual Vsth mineral royalty.

Then, on March 22, 1973, the Patricks and Barretts conveyed an oil, gas and mineral lease which contained a V6th royalty-provision. The Stipulation of Facts provides that the plaintiffs below, R.D. Patrick, Jr., Sarah Louise Patrick Lee and Nell Patrick Tuttle are the devisees of R.D. Patrick, and his wife, Minnie Ola Patrick, also deceased. Our Appellant, E.E. Barrett, is the sole devisee of Maurice Franklin Barrett and his wife, Carrie Lee Barrett, now both deceased.

Translating the %2nd royalty interest, owned by the Patricks under the Vfcth oil and gas lease and for convenience, stating the same in percentage or decimal fractions, the following interest occurred immediately subsequent to the time Patrick delivered his deed to Barrett:

Patrick Barrett

.08333333 (1/12) .08333333 (1/12)

.03125000 less 1/32 R.I. .06250000 lessTuer’s 1/16

.05208333 .02083333

plus Patrick’s 1/32 .03125000

.05208333

About two years later, however, subsequent to the time Patrick bought the Tuer Vi6th royalty interest, which said Tuer Vieth royalty interest was then owned by Patrick, we find the following fractional results:

Patrick Barrett

.Ó52Ó8333 .05208333

.06250000 plus Tuer’s 1/16

.11458333

Barrett simply never received the Vi6th Tuer royalty interest, which was totally excepted out of the conveyance from Patrick to Maurice Franklin Barrett and his wife, Carrie Lee Barrett, in the 1950 deed. I would hold that the trial court properly and correctly construed the deeds involved in this appeal in accordance with the Stipulation of Facts. I would affirm, in all things, the judgment below.