DocketNumber： 07-03-00052-CV
Filed Date： 4/12/2005
Status： Precedential
Modified Date： 9/7/2015
Before JOHNSON, C.J., and REAVIS and CAMPBELL, JJ.
James Jongebloed challenges the trial court's judgment that Horkey Oil Company, Inc. have and recover $515,887.31, plus interest and costs, based upon a written guaranty agreement. By four issues, he questions whether (1) an entity that is no longer the holder of the note, because it has indorsed, transferred possession, and irrevocably assigned ownership of the note to another entity, can obtain a judgment against a guarantor of the note for the amount due on the note, (2) the trial court abused its discretion by refusing to amend the scheduling order, (3) the trial court abused its discretion by allowing an improperly designated witness to testify about matters the court would not allow Jongebloed to discover, and (4) the trial court abused its discretion by refusing to allow Jongebloed's expert witness to testify. We affirm.
Horkey sold some of its convenience stores in the Midland/Odessa area to Petro Express, Ltd., a Texas limited partnership, upon Petro's execution and delivery of a promissory note for $336,000 and another note for $400,000. In connection with the acquisition by the limited partnership, William Bobbora, Richard Stinson, and Jongebloed executed a written guaranty agreement dated February 8, 1999, by which each guaranteed payment of the $400,000 note. In December 1999, Horkey transferred the $400,000 note to Plains National Bank, with recourse and warranties to secure payment of a note of its president, Joe R. Horkey, to the bank and also executed a commercial security agreement covering the $400,000 as collateral for payment of its president's note to the bank. When Petro defaulted on the $400,000 note, on February 14, 2001, Horkey sued Petro and Bobbora, Stinson, and Jongebloed on their guaranties. After Horkey's claims against Jongebloed were severed into the underlying cause, it filed its first amended petition asserting claims against Jongebloed based on the written guaranty. (1) In response, by supplemental answers, Jongebloed asserted (1) Horkey was not entitled to recover in the capacity in which it sued, (2) a defect in parties and that Horkey was not a proper party, (3) the contract was without consideration or had failed and Horkey was not the owner and holder of the guaranty agreement, and (4) he did not sign the guaranty agreement.
Jongebloed's counsel announced that Jongebloed acknowledged he signed the guaranty agreement. A jury trial was waived and the case was tried to the bench on October 14, 1992. Upon conclusion of the trial, the trial court signed a judgment that Horkey recover damages against Jongebloed based upon the guaranty agreement.
By his first issue, Jongebloed contends that because Horkey had indorsed, transferred possession, and irrevocably assigned ownership of the note to the bank, it could not obtain a judgment against the guarantor of the note for the amount due thereunder. We disagree.
Because the trial court's findings of fact are not challenged, we will conduct our review in the context of the findings and applicable law. See McGalliard v. Kuhlmann, 722 S.W.2d 694, 696 (Tex. 1986); Northwest Park Homeowners Ass'n, Inc. v. Brundrett, 970 S.W.2d 700, 704 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 1998, pet. denied). The copy of the note admitted into evidence contained Horkey's transfer of the note "with recourse and warranties on Horkey Oil Company, Inc." Among other things, the commercial security agreement
1. described the promissory note;
2. granted the bank a security interest in the note;
In addition to other findings, the trial court found:
2. [o]n or about December 15, 1999, Horkey Oil Company, Inc. granted a security interest in the Petro Express, Ltd. note to PNB Financial Bank. Horkey Oil Company, Inc. did not give PNB Financial Bank a security interest in Defendant James Jongebloed's individual guaranty agreement.
3. [t]he note was not conveyed to PNB Financial Bank and at all times germane to this litigation Horkey Oil Company, Inc. was the party entitled to pursue collection of the note and the individual guaranties.
Notwithstanding these findings, Jongebloed argues that Horkey could not proceed to enforce payment of the guaranty.
A guaranty agreement is not a negotiable instrument and is not governed by the provisions of section 3.102 of the Texas Business and Commerce Code. Vaughn v. DAP Financial Services, Inc., 982 S.W.2d 1, 6 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1997, no pet.) Further, by paragraph 4(b) of the guaranty, Jongebloed expressly agreed it would not be necessary nor required that Horkey (holder) (2)
file suit or proceed to obtain or assert a claim for personal judgment against any other party (whether maker, guarantor, endorser, or surety) liable for the Obligations . . . .
According to its terms, the guaranty was not a conditional guarantee or a guaranty of collection, but instead, expressly provided that Jongebleod unconditionally guaranteed the prompt payment of the note at maturity. Texas case law recognizes that a transfer of a guaranty can be implied upon an assignment of a promissory note or other obligation; however, this is not true in every case. See Escalante v. Luckie, 77 S.W.3d 410, 419 (Tex.App.--Eastland 2002, pet. denied). Although the original of the promissory note had been delivered to the bank together with the security agreement, the original of the guaranty agreement remained in the file of Horkey's attorney. (3) In effect, Jongebloed waived any requirement that Horkey exhaust its rights or take action against Petro as a condition precedent to its action on the guaranty. Because the provision in the security agreement that Horkey would remain the sole owner of the note (collateral) is sufficient evidence to support findings of fact two and three, we are bound by them.
Moreover, Horkey's transfer of the note "with recourse" operated to obligate Horkey to pay the bank in the event that Petro did not pay. See Tex Bus. & Com. Code Ann. § 3.415(a) (Vernon 2002). Horkey's obligation to pay the note upon Petro's default in payment of the note was absolute, not contingent. Hubacek v. Ennis State Bank, 159 Tex. 166, 317 S.W.2d 30, 33 (1958). Petro's default in the timely payment of the note matured Horkey's absolute and non-contingent obligation to pay the note and provided Horkey the additional ground to prosecute the action to enforce Jongebloed's unconditional guaranty of prompt payment of the note. Accordingly, issue one is overruled.
By his second issue, Jongebloed contends the trial court erred in denying his motion to amend the scheduling order. We disagree. After suit was filed on February 14, 2001, the trial court rendered a scheduling order on May 23, 2001, which set a discovery deadline of April 29, 2002. The record does not show any effort by Jongebloed to examine or discover the original promissory note except that after discovery had closed, he and counsel for Horkey examined the original note at Plains National Bank. Then, on July 23, 2002, the trial court granted a continuance of the merits trial until October 14, 2002. After a hearing, Jongebloed's emergency motion for a hearing on the scheduling order was denied on September 9, 2002. (4)
Rule 166 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure authorizes the trial court to make orders to control proceedings and gives authority to modify an order to prevent manifest injustice. Because the trial court has the duty "to schedule the cases in such a manner as to expeditiously dispose of them" and is given wide discretion in managing the docket, an appellate court will not interfere with the exercise of that discretion absent a showing of clear abuse. Clanton v. Clark, 639 S.W.2d 929, 931 (Tex. 1982); Trevino v. Trevino, 64 S.W.3d 166, 170 (Tex.App.--San Antonio 2001, no pet.). Although Jongebloed learned about the transfer of possession of the note to the bank on June 20, 2002, he did not present his request to amend the discovery order for approximately ten weeks. We conclude Jongebloed did not diligently pursue his efforts for discovery and thus, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to amend the scheduling order. Hall v. Rutherford, 911 S.W.2d 422, 427 (Tex.App.--San Antonio 1995, writ denied).
Moreover, a reporter's record of the hearing on September 9, 2002, was not provided. Thus, we must presume the trial court did not abuse its discretion because the claimed error has not been preserved by bill of exception. Tex. R. App. P. 33.1. See also Hogan v. Credit Motors, Inc. , 827 S.W.2d 392, 393 (Tex.App.--San Antonio 1992), writ denied, 841 S.W.2d 360 (1992) (per curiam). Issue two is overruled.
Given our analysis and disposition of issues one and two and the fact that the guaranty supporting the judgment is case specific, a discussion of the remaining points is pretermitted. Tex. R. App. P. 47.1. See also Marantha Temple v. Enterprise Products, 833 S.W.2d 736, 742 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1992, writ denied). (5)
Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Per Curiam
Johnson, C.J., not participating.
1. At the time of the severance, Jongebloed's pleadings included a general denial and affirmative defenses of breach of contract and fraud.
2. The guaranty expressly designated Horkey Oil Company, Inc. as the "holder."
3. Not trial counsel.
4. Jongebloed did not file his motion until September 6, 2002.
5. Moreover, even if the issues presented error, a question we do not decide, the harmless error rule "applies to all errors in that it draws no distinction as to the type of errors involved in its requirement for reversal." See Lorusso v. Members Mut. Ins. Co., 603 S.W.2d 818, 820 (Tex. 1980).
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NO. 07-09-00206-CR
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL B
SEPTEMBER 28, 2010
NICK LEE GRIEGO, APPELLANT
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE
FROM THE 242ND DISTRICT COURT OF HALE COUNTY;
NO. B17934-0902; HONORABLE EDWARD LEE SELF, JUDGE
Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and HANCOCK, JJ.
ORDER
Appellant, Nick Lee Griego, has filed a motion in which he requests that this Court set reasonable bail pending final disposition of his appeal. We grant his motion.
On June 10, 2010, this Court issued its opinion concluding that there was legally insufficient evidence to sustain appellants conviction for third-degree felony evading arrest or detention using a vehicle and having been previously convicted of evading arrest or detention[1] and that there was factually insufficient evidence to sustain a state-jail felony conviction for evading arrest or detention using a vehicle.[2] We rendered a judgment of acquittal as to the third-degree felony offense and remanded the cause for a new trial on the charges of the state-jail felony offense of evading arrest or detention using a vehicle. See Griego v. State, 07-09-00206-CR, 2010 Tex.App. LEXIS 4430 (Tex. App.Amarillo June 10, 2010, no pet. h.). We overruled the States motion for rehearing on August 3, 2010. Appellant filed in this Court his motion for reasonable bail pending final determination of his appeal on September 3, 2010. On September 8, 2010, the State filed, and the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals granted, its motion for extension of time in which to file its petition for discretionary review.
We are authorized to set bail upon request by an appellant in the following circumstances:
If a conviction is reversed by a decision of a Court of Appeals, the defendant, if in custody, is entitled to release on reasonable bail, regardless of the length of term of imprisonment, pending final determination of an appeal by the state or the defendant on a motion for discretionary review. If the defendant requests bail before a petition for discretionary review has been filed, the Court of Appeals shall determine the amount of bail. If the defendant requests bail after a petition for discretionary review has been filed, the Court of Criminal Appeals shall determine the amount of bail. The sureties on the bail must be approved by the court where the trial was had. The defendant's right to release under this subsection attaches immediately on the issuance of the Court of Appeals' final ruling as defined by Tex.Cr.App.R. 209(c).[3]
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 44.04(h) (Vernon 2006). So, having reversed appellants conviction and having been requested to set bail at a time prior to the filing of a petition for discretionary review, we have authority to consider appellants motion.
Though article 44.04(h) directs that the defendant be released on reasonable bail under these circumstances, it does not specify the factors we are to consider when determining the appropriate sum. We are not without guidance, however. Certain general rules govern the amount of bail to be required:
1. The bail shall be sufficiently high to give reasonable assurance that the undertaking will be complied with.
2. The power to require bail is not to be so used as to make it an instrument of oppression.
3. The nature of the offense and the circumstances under which it was committed are to be considered.
4. The ability to make bail is to be regarded, and proof may be taken upon this point.
5. The future safety of a victim of the alleged offense and the community shall be considered.
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 17.15 (Vernon 2005). Consistent with article 17.15s general rules, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals outlined more specific factors to be taken into consideration when determining reasonable bail: (1) the length of the sentence; (2) the nature of the offense; (3) work history; (4) family and community ties; (5) length of residency; (6) ability to make the bond; (7) criminal history; (8) conformity with previous bond conditions; (9) existence of other outstanding bonds; and (10) aggravating factors involved in the offense. Ex parte Rubac, 611 S.W.2d 848, 84950 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981). When, as here, the issue is reasonable bail pending final determination of an appeal following a reversal by an appellate court, the Fourteenth Court of Appeals outlined additional, perhaps even more specifically-tailored, considerations: (1) the fact that the conviction has been overturned; (2) the States ability (or inability) to retry the appellant; and (3) the likelihood that the decision of the court of appeals will be overturned. See Aviles v. State, 26 S.W.3d 696, 699 (Tex.App.Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet. refd).
With these several considerations in mind, we turn to appellants motion. Appellants motion provides very little new information that would aid in our determination. He points out that he has been incarcerated since June 2009 and represents that he is in poor health and in need of medical care. The record on direct appeal provides us with additional information.
From the record, we observe that appellants criminal history is fairly significant. As an adult, appellant has been charged with five offenses, ranging from the Class A misdemeanor of resisting arrest to the third-degree felony offense of tampering with evidence. The other three offenses were state-jail felonies.
In the instant case, appellant was originally charged with and convicted of another third-degree felony, but, on direct appeal of that conviction, the State conceded that its failure to introduce evidence of a prior evading arrest or detention conviction at the guilt-innocence phase of trial rendered the evidence legally insufficient to sustain a conviction for the third-degree felony offense.[4] See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 38.04(b)(2)(A). The State urged us to find the evidence sufficient to sustain a conviction on the state-jail felony offense of evading arrest or detention using a motor vehicle. See Haynes v. State, 273 S.W.3d 183, 184 (Tex.Crim.App. 2008) (authorizing us to reform the judgment to reflect that appellant was convicted of the state-jail felony if such offense was included in the jury charge and if the evidence was sufficient to support such conviction). We found, instead, that the evidence was factually insufficient to support a conviction for the state-jail felony and remanded the cause for a new trial. New trial was to be had on the state-jail felony allegations, not the third-degree felony charges. Since the evidence was legally insufficient to sustain the conviction for the third-degree felony offense, we rendered a judgment of acquittal as to that offense. The State may not retry appellant for the third-degree felony offense.
This observation leads to other relevant considerations: the length of sentence and the nature of the offense. See Rubac, 611 S.W.2d at 849. At a new trial on remand, the maximum grade of offense for which appellant could be convicted is a state-jail felony, meaning that the maximum term of imprisonment the base offense would carry is two years in a state-jail facility. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 12.35(a) (Vernon Supp. 2010). That is not to say, however, that the State will be unable to enhance punishment for the state-jail felony by properly employing any prior convictions. Nonetheless, we note that the appellant will be retried, if he is retried, only on charges of a state-jail felony. Not to minimize any attempt to avoid detention by police, we also note the offense with which appellant was charged is a nonviolent one. Here, the State made no allegation that appellant used his car as a deadly weapon. Nor was there any evidence of reckless or erratic driving.
We also consider appellants financial resources. See Rubac, 611 S.W.2d at 849. In his affidavit of financial status executed prior to trial, appellant represented that he had a gross monthly income of $1,600.00 to $2,000.00 and monthly expenses ranging from $1,095.00 to $1,195.00. Appellant was represented by appointed counsel both at trial and on appeal, suggesting that he was indigent. In his motion, appellant maintains that he is without funds to post a significant bond. Considering that appellant has been incarcerated for well over a year, we presume that his financial status has not improved.
Regarding appellants ties to the community of Plainview, we learn very little from the record. Appellants brother is listed in the clerks record as an emergency contact, and the brothers address is in Plainview. The record does indicate that he has been in Hale County for a number of years.
With respect to the likelihood that the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals will reverse our decision, we are respectfully hesitant to predict the high courts disposition of a petition for discretionary review and will go only so far as to say that we remain confident that our decision employed the proper standard of review, that the evidence was factually insufficient to sustain a conviction for the state-jail felony, and that our disposition of the case was correct under the law. We do note, however, that decisions reversing a conviction on the basis of factual sufficiency may sometimes be perceived as dwelling very closely to territory belonging to the jury.
Appellants pretrial bail was originally set at $5,000.00 but, it having been determined that such amount was insufficient, was increased to $10,000.00. In his motion, he requests that this Court set bail at $1,000.00. Considering the factors on which we have been provided information and endeavoring to strike a balance between ensuring appellants presence and avoiding oppressive bail, we GRANT appellants Motion for Reasonable Bail Pending Final Determination of Appeal and set bail pending final determination of appeal at $2,500.00. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 44.04(h).
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Per Curiam
Do not publish.
[1] See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 38.04(b)(2)(A) (Vernon Supp. 2010).
[2] See id. § 38.04(b)(1)(B).
[3] As the Waco Court explained, the former Rule 209(c) of the Texas Rules of Post Trial and Appellate Procedure in Criminal Cases provided:
As used in these rules, final ruling of the court means (1) the 16th day after the date of the delivery of the court's opinion or order where a motion for rehearing is permitted under Rule 208 but is not filed or rehearing is not granted on the courts own motion, (2) the day after the date of the overruling of a motion for rehearing where a further motion for rehearing is not permitted under Rule 208, or (3) if a motion for rehearing pursuant to Rule 208(d) is granted, the day after the date of the disposition of the case on rehearing, whichever is later.
In re Keeter, 134 S.W.3d 250, 253 (Tex.App.Waco 2003, orig. proceeding).
[4] With respect to the third-degree felony offense of evading arrest or detention having previously been convicted of evading arrest or detention, we reversed the judgment and rendered a judgment of acquittal. So, we may and do consider that the State may not retry appellant for the third-degree felony offense.
Vaughn v. DAP Financial Services, Inc. , 1997 Tex. App. LEXIS 5659 ( 1997 )
Trevino v. Trevino , 64 S.W.3d 166 ( 2001 )
Clanton v. Clark , 26 Tex. Sup. Ct. J. 17 ( 1982 )
Lorusso v. Members Mutual Insurance Co. , 23 Tex. Sup. Ct. J. 555 ( 1980 )
Escalante v. Luckie , 77 S.W.3d 410 ( 2002 )
Hubacek v. Ennis State Bank , 159 Tex. 166 ( 1958 )
Ex Parte Rubac , 1981 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 908 ( 1981 )
Hall v. Rutherford , 911 S.W.2d 422 ( 1995 )
Maranatha Temple, Inc. v. Enterprise Products Co. , 1992 Tex. App. LEXIS 1893 ( 1992 )
McGalliard v. Kuhlmann , 30 Tex. Sup. Ct. J. 96 ( 1986 )
Hogan v. Credit Motors, Inc. , 1992 Tex. App. LEXIS 1151 ( 1992 )
Northwest Park Homeowners Ass'n, Inc. v. Brundrett , 970 S.W.2d 700 ( 1998 )