Tylon Demond Diggles A/K/A Tylor Demond Diggles v. State of Texas

Opinion filed February 19, 2009
In The
Eleventh Court of Appeals
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No. 11-07-00212-CR
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TYLON DEMOND DIGGLES A/K/A
TYLOR DEMOND DIGGLES, Appellant
V.
STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the Criminal District Court
Jefferson County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 96350
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The jury convicted Tylon Demond Diggles a/k/a Tylor Demond Diggles of the offense of
aggravated robbery and assessed punishment at confinement for six years. We affirm.
Issues
Appellant presents two issues on appeal. In the first issue, he challenges the legal and factual
sufficiency of the evidence, asserting that the evidence is insufficient to show intent and to connect
him to the crime. In his second issue, appellant asserts Batson1 error.
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Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986).
Sufficiency of the Evidence
We will apply the following well-recognized standards of review to appellant’s first issue.
To determine if the evidence is legally sufficient, we must review all of the evidence in the light
most favorable to the verdict and determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307
(1979); Jackson v. State, 17 S.W.3d 664 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). To determine if the evidence is
factually sufficient, we must review all of the evidence in a neutral light and determine whether the
evidence supporting the verdict is so weak that the verdict is clearly wrong and manifestly unjust or
whether the verdict is against the great weight and preponderance of the conflicting evidence.
Watson v. State, 204 S.W.3d 404, 414-15 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006); Clewis v. State, 922 S.W.2d 126,
129 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996).
The record shows that, at about 4:30 p.m. on Friday, December 9, 2005, the courtesy booth
at a Market Basket store was robbed of more than $8,000. The robber walked up to the courtesy
booth and handed employee Amy Gonzalez a small paper bag with a note attached. The note read
something like: “[T]his is not a joke. You are being robbed. Put the money in the bag.” When
Gonzalez questioned appellant, appellant made an aggressive facial expression, moved his jacket to
the side, and revealed a gun tucked in his waistband. Gonzalez told appellant that she had no money
(which was not true) but that an employee working next to Gonzalez did. Gonzalez then gave the
note to Sheila Jeanette Darby.
The robber then went to Darby’s window and also showed her his gun. Darby put all of the
bills from her drawer into the bag. Then, the robber went back to Gonzalez’s window and told her
to put money in the bag. This time, Gonzalez complied. Darby and Gonzalez were both placed in
fear by appellant’s exhibition of the weapon. The robber left the store on foot, and a store employee
gave chase but could not catch the robber.
The authorities were notified during the robbery. Shortly after the robbery, a suspect was
apprehended in a nearby apartment complex. One of the officers that responded to the call took
Darby and a store manager, Robert Jordan, to the apartment complex. At that time, both positively
identified appellant as the robber but noted that he had taken off his jacket. Darby and Jordan also
positively identified appellant in court. Gonzalez positively identified appellant in court as the
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person who had robbed her. Gonzalez testified, “His face. It’s in my memory. I will never forget
his face.” Appellant denied any involvement in the robbery.
After reviewing all of the evidence under the applicable standards, we hold that the evidence
is both legally and factually sufficient to support the jury’s verdict. Appellant first issue is overruled.
Batson Challenge
In the second issue, appellant asserts Batson error in the State’s use of peremptory strikes
against black members of the venire panel. The use of peremptory challenges to strike potential
jurors on the basis of race is prohibited. Batson, 476 U.S. 79; TEX . CODE CRIM . PROC. ANN .
art. 35.261 (Vernon 2006). In Purkett v. Elem, 514 U.S. 765 (1995), the Supreme Court delineated
the three-step process for properly determining a Batson challenge. First, the opponent of a
peremptory challenge must make out a prima facie case of racial discrimination, essentially a burden
of production. In the second step, the burden of production shifts to the proponent of the strike to
respond with a race-neutral explanation. Third, if a race-neutral explanation has been proffered, the
trial court must decide whether the opponent of the strike has proved purposeful racial
discrimination. The burden of persuasion is on the opponent of the strike to convince the trial court
that the strike was racially motivated. Purkett, 514 U.S. 765; Ford v. State, 1 S.W.3d 691, 693 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1999); Camacho v. State, 864 S.W.2d 524, 529 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993).
If, as here, the State offers a race-neutral explanation before any inquiry on the prima facie
case, the issue of a prima facie case is moot. Simpson v. State, 119 S.W.3d 262, 268 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2003). Immediately after appellant objected to the State’s use of four of its strikes, the State
offered the following explanations:
Venireman No. 2 had only been at his current location of employment for one
week. And when asked by [defense counsel] during voir dire if there was a check
cashing booth at his place of employment, he hesitated and clearly did not even know
that much about the operation of the grocery store. And for that reason, he was
struck.
The State also explained that Veniremember No. 18 was struck because he was falling asleep early
on during voir dire and, unlike most of the other jurors, just could not seem to pay attention.
Veniremember No. 24 was struck because he stated that he had known appellant’s family for several
years. Veniremember No. 26 was struck because she indicated that she had previously sat as a juror
in a criminal case and had voted “not guilty” on a criminal trespass charge. Appellant did not rebut
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the State’s explanations but merely responded that the reasons given were not racially neutral. The
trial court overruled appellant’s Batson challenge.
In reviewing the propriety of such a ruling, we must give great deference to the trial court’s
determination of fact and may not disturb the trial court’s ruling on a Batson issue unless it was
clearly erroneous. See Chamberlain v. State, 998 S.W.2d 230, 236 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999);
Adanandus v. State, 866 S.W.2d 210, 224-25 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993). In this case, the State’s
explanations were reasonable and racially neutral, and appellant did not offer any rebuttal showing
that the State’s race-neutral reasons for striking the veniremembers were pretext for discrimination.
See Yarborough v. State, 947 S.W.2d 892 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). Appellant’s second issue is
overruled.
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
RICK STRANGE
JUSTICE
February 19, 2009
Do not publish. See TEX . R. APP . P. 47.2(b).
Panel consists of: Wright, C.J.,
McCall, J., and Strange, J.
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