CitiBank(South Dakota), N.A. v. Michael and Thanh Tran

REVERSE IN PART, AFFIRM IN PART, REMAND; and Opinion Filed June 21, 2013.
in The
Qtnurt nf Appiits
Fifttj iitrict uf icxa it Jatta
No, 05-11-01423-CV
CITIBANK (SOUTH DAKOTA), N.A., AppellantJCross-Appellee
V.
MICHAEL S. TRAN, M.D. AND THANH TRAN, Appellees/Cross-Appellants
On Appeal from the 95th Judicial District Court
Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 08-14313-D
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Lang-Miers and Fillmore’
Opinion by Justice LangMiers
AppellantJCrossAppel lee Citibank (South Dakota), N.A. and Appellees/Cross
Appellants Dr. Michael S. Tran and Mrs. Thanh Tran appeal from the amended final judgment
following a jury trial in this breach of contract and libel case. For the following reasons, we
reverse the trial court’s judgment on the Trans’ breach of contract claim and claim for attorney’s
fees, affirm the judgment on the Trans’ libel claim, and render a takenothing judgment in favor
of Citibank. We remand to the trial court for the determination of Citibank’s attorney’s fees on
its breach of contract counterclaim.
The Honorable Mary Muiphy, retired Justice, Court of Appeals for the Fifth District of Texas at Dallas, sat on the panel during oral
argument and original submission, but did not participate in this decision.
BACKGROUN fl
This lawsuit arose from a credit card purchase in August 2006. Dr. Tran purchased
medical equipment from a seller on eBay. He charged the purchase price of $14,580 to a credit
card issued by Citibank to his wife, PayPal divided the payment into two credit card transactions:
a $10,000 charge made the day Dr. Tran purchased the equipment, and a $4,580 charge made the
next day. When Dr. Tran received the equipment, he claimed it was missing a part advertised on
eBay and called the seller about returning the equipment. At first the seller okayed the return, but
was going to charge a restock fee and require Dr. Tran to pay the return shipping. Dr. Tran was
not satisfied with the seller’s response and called Citibank to cancel the transaction. Citibank
sent complaint forms to Mrs. Tran to complete, one for each credit card charge. Dr. Tran
completed and promptly returned the forms to Citibank. He did not return the equipment to the
seller. The seller later called Dr. Tran and said he would not accept the return of the equipment.
Over the next several months, Citibank issued chargebacks for both credit card charges,
but it issued those chargebacks seven weeks apart. The chargeback for the $4,580 charge was
issued in early October 2006; the chargeback for the $10,000 charge was not issued until late
November 2006. The seller accepted the $4,580 chargeback, leaving only the chargeback for
$10,000 in dispute. PayPal disputed the $10,000 chargeback because the merchandise had not
been returned.
Citibank asked the Trans several times to provide proof that they had returned the
equipment. Citibank notified the Trans in late December 2006 that they had to provide proof of
return by January 16, 2007, or the charge would be rebilled to their account. ft is undisputed that
the Trans did not return the equipment or provide proof of return by January 16. Citibank
rebilled the $10,000 charge, along with late fees and interest charges, to the Trans’ account.
Citibank also reported the disputed charge to the credit bureaus.
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ihroughout 2007, the Trans and Citibank continued to exchange communications about
the $10,000 charge and related fees. Eventually Citibank learned that the Trans had returned the
equipment on January 19, 2007. Citibank removed the late fees and interest charges from the
Trans’ account and asked the Trans to provide proof that PayPal had credited their account for
the $10,000. It is undisputed that the Trans’ Citibank account was never credited, Meanwhile, the
Trans hired a lawyer who was able to get the seller to refund $4,500 directly to the Trans.
In late 2008, the Trans sued Citibank for breach of an oral agreement and libel. They
claimed that Citibank orally agreed to issue timely notices of their intent to challenge the
purchase of the medical equipment and that Citibank failed to comply with the agreement. They
also claimed that Citibank libeled them when it reported the disputed charge to the credit
bureaus, and they were damaged when they sought to obtain a mortgage and had to pay a higher
interest rate. Citibank counterclaimed for breach of the written card agreement.
The trial court granted summary judgment on Citibank’s counterclaim for breach of the
written card agreement, and the remaining issues were tried to a jury. The jury found in favor of
the Trans on all issues. It awarded $13,946 in damages on the breach of oral agreement claim,
$5,000 for mental anguish on the libel claim, and $128,991 in attorney’s fees through trial plus
conditional attorney’s fees through the appeals process. Citibank moved for judgment
notwithstanding the verdict on all issues, and the trial court set aside the jury’s findings on the
Trans’ libel claim. Citibank also filed a motion to modify the judgment in which it asked for an
award of attorney’s fees for its breach of contract counterclaim against Mrs. Tran. The trial court
did not rule on the motion and it was overruled by operation of law. After offsetting the $10,000
judgment awarded to Citibank on its counterclaim for breach of the written card agreement, the
court awarded the Trans $3,946 on their breach of oral agreement claim and $177,991 in
attorney’s fees plus court costs and interest. Both parties appeal.
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THE TRANS’ CLAIM FOR liREACH OF ORAL AGREEMENT
Citibank argues that its relationship with the Trans is governed by the written card
agreement and there is no evidence the parties agreed to modify the written agreement. It also
argues that there is no evidence Citibank formed an oral agreement with the Trans. and, even if
there was, there is no evidence Citibank breached it or that the Trans suffered damages.
Standard of Review
An appellant attacking the legal sufficiency of an adverse finding on an issue on which it
did not have the burden of proof must demonstrate there is no evidence to support the adverse
finding. Croucher v. Croucher, 660 S.W,2d 55, 58 (Tex, 1983); Affordable Power, LP. v.
Buckeye Ventures, Inc., 347 S.W.3d 825, 830 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.). When
examining a legal sufficiency challenge, we review the evidence in the light most favorable to
the challenged finding and indulge every reasonable inference that would support it, City qf
Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 822 (Tex. 2005). In doing so, we do not consider the evidence
“in isolated bits and pieces divorced from its surroundings; it must be viewed in its proper
context with other evidence.” AutoZone, Inc. v. Reves, 272 S.W.3d 588, 592 (Tex. 2008).
Evidence is legally sufficient if it rises to a level that would enable a reasonable and fairminded
jury to make the finding. City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 827. A legal sufficiency challenge fails if
there is more than a scintilla of evidence to support the finding. Kroger Tex. Ltd. P’ship v.
Suberu, 216 S.W.3d 788, 793 (Tex. 2006); AJjordable Power, L.P., 347 S.W.3d at 830. Evidence
that is “so weak as to do no more than create a mere surmise or suspicion” of a fact is not legally
sufficient evidence that the fact exists. Suberu, 216 S.W.3d at 793 (quoting Ford Motor Co. v.
Ridgway, 135 S.W.3d 598, 601 (Tex. 2004)); see also Serv. Corp. Int’l v. Guerra, 348 S.W.3d
221, 228 (Tex. 2011).
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Applicable Law
Citibank contends that we should apply South Dakota law in our analysis of the Trans’
claims because the written card agreement contains a South Dakota choice of law provision.
Conversely, the Trans contend that we cannot apply South Dakota law because Citibank did not
comply with rule 202 of the Texas Rules of Evidence concerning judicial notice of the law of
other states. See TEx. R. EvID, 202. Although Citibank’s motion for summary judgment argued
that South Dakota law should apply, there is nothing in the record to show that Citibank moved
the trial court to apply South Dakota law to the issues submitted to the jury or that the trial court
applied South Dakota law. See Id. Consequently, we apply Texas contract law in our analysis of
the issues.
A plaintiff suing based on a contract, whether written or oral, must prove the essential
elements of a contract, including offer, acceptance, and a meeting of the minds. See Principal
Lit’ Ins. Co. v. Revalen Dcv., LLC, 358 S.W.3d 451, 454—55 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, pet.
denied); Branch Banking & Trust C’o. v. TCJ Luna Ventures, LLC, No. 05-12-00653-CV, 2013
WL 1456651, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Apr. 9, 2013, no pet. h.). “[Tihe offer must be
reasonably definite in its terms and must sufficiently cover the essentials of the proposed
transaction that, with an expression of assent, there will be a complete and definite agreement on
all essential details.” Principal Life Ins. C’o., 358 S.W.3d at 455; see also Effel v. McGarry, 339
S.W.3d 789, 792 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, pet. denied) (to form an enforceable contract, “the
minds of the parties must meet with respect to the subject matter of the agreement, and as to all
of its essential terms”). In other words, “[tjhe parties must assent to the same thing, in the same
sense, at the same time.” Principal Life Ins. Co., 358 S.W.3d at 455. All essential terms of the
agreement must be agreed upon before a contract may be enforced by the courts. T. 0. Stanley
Boot Co., Inc. Bank of El Paso, 847 S.W.2d 218, 221 (Tex. 1992). And “[ejach contract
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should be consl(lered eparate1v to determiiic its material terms” Id. If the terms of an alleged
contract are so indefinite that it is impossible for the courts to determine the rights and
ohl igations of the parties, it is not an enfrrceable agreement. Ef,tI. 339 S .W.3d at 792; see (Ilso
Merit i’. Iluertti. 1 36 S.W.3d 383. 390 (Tex. App.—Corpus (‘hristi 2004. no pet.) (“It is well
established that the terms of an oral contract must be clear, certain and definite.”)
I)iscussion
The trial court submitted the following question to the jury:
Did Dr. and Mrs. Tran reach an oral agreement with Citibank that Citibank would
act on behalf of the Trans to timely issue proper notices of the Trans’ intention to
challenge, investigate and/or cancel the August 2006 disputed purchase of
medical equipment from fthe sellerl?
“The August 2006 disputed purchase of medical eqmpinent
means Dr. Tran’ s August 2006 purchase of medical equipment
from I seller}, using. as an authorized user, the Gold MasterCard
issued to Mrs. Tran by Citibank.
In deciding whether the parties reached such an agreement. if any,
you may consider what they said and did in light of the
surrounding circumstances, including any earlier course of dealing.
You may not consider the parties’ unexpressed thoughts or
intentions.
Citibank argues that there is no evidence to support the jury’s “yes” answer to the
question. ft argues that there is no evidence of what the parties intended as “timely” notice, no
evidence of what the parties intended as “proper” notice, no evidence of the parties’ intent about
to whom the notice should be given, and no basis in the record for this Court to understand
Citibank’s obligations under the alleged oral agreement.
The Trans contend that Citibank did not preserve its arguments that the “terms were
unclear, indefinite” and that the “oral agreement lacked sufficient clarity to be understood”
because it did not argue this below. But we conclude that Citibank preserved its arguments in its
objections to the submission of the jury charge and in its motion for judgment n.o.v. See
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Dejiertos V. Dolkis Bayou Bend, LIL, 350 S,W.3d 659, 664 (Tex. App—Dallas 201 1, pet.
denied) (discussing preservation of legal sufficiency complaint). Citibank argued that the
question should not he submitted because there was no “evidence of a separate oral agreement,”
no evidence of a “meeting of the minds,” and “lilt’s not a contract” It also argued in its motion
for judgment n,o.v. that there is “no evidence of oral communications in which such an
agreement might have been reached,” “no evidence of formation of any such oral agreement,”
and “no evidence of material terms of any such oral agreement.” We conclude that these
arguments preserved a claim that the terms of the agreement “were unclear, indefinite” or
“lacked sufficient clarity to be understood and enforced[. I” See id.
To reverse the jury’s finding on legal insufficiency grounds, we must conclude that the
Trans offered no evidence to support an essential element of the contract. The Trans contended,
and the jury found, that Citibank orally agreed to “timely issue proper notices.” The material
terms of the alleged agreement, then, included that Citibank would “timely issue” notices
challenging the transaction, We begin our analysis by reviewing the record for evidence
favorable to a finding that Citibank agreed to “timely issue” the notices.”
2
Dr. Tran is the only witness to testify about the oral agreement with Citibank. Dr. Tran
testified that when he was unable to get a satisfactory response from the seller about returning
the medical equipment, he called Citibank to “see if they can help me to get the money back.” He
told Citibank that he “want[edj to send this back and get my money back.” A Citibank
representative told Dr. Tran that it has a “certain procedure” it has to follow, that it would send
him written complaint forms to complete, sign, and return, and then Citibank would “try to help
[himj to get the money back.” A few days later, Dr. Tran received the two forms from Citibank,
2
By “notices,” it appears the parties were refeffing to Citibank’s chargebacks.
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one for each credit card charge. The forms were identical except for the amount of the
transaction. Dr. Tran handwrote his answers (indicated in italics):
Dear Thanh N Tran:
Thank, you for contacting our Customer Service Center, This letter is regarding
your inquiry about the transaction dated 08Aug-06 in the amount of $10,000.00
I $4,580.00 made at PAYPAL [merchant name I with account number [15664.
Please assist us with this investigation for $l000ftOO I$4580,00j by promptly
reviewing, completing, and returning the following information within 10 days of
your receipt of this letter, If we do not receive your response, we will assume the
charge is correct and rebill your account.
An important first step in resolving this matter is for you to attempt to contact the
merchant and return the merchandise (return receipt requested). Then provide us
with the following:
“I received defective merchandise from. the merchant by mail or delivery on
/5/Q [/28/06j (date) I returned the merchandise on _/_/_ (date)’ Attempts
to return the item repeatedly unsuccessful [Attempts to return the item
repeatedly unsuccessfuij
A description of the defect. Item received with missing part as described on
Ebay [Item received with missing component as described on Ebavj
o The merchant’s response to your request for credit or the reason you were
unable to contact them. If available, please enclose a copy of the of the [sic] credit
slip. Merchant was asking for more money Thr the missing part in response to my
inquiry about the involved part [Merchant was asking fr more money for the
missing part in response to my ingui about the missing part]
A copy of a certified postal receipt or a tracer from the shipping company. This
°
must be signed by the merchant showing proof of return. If not available, please
explain. Not available merchant refused to authorize the return [Not available
— —
merchant refi1sed to authorize the returnj
Cardmember Signature Michael Tran [Michael Tran] Date 9/7/06 [9/7/06]
A conditional credit has been issued to your account while we investigate this
matter on your behalf. Please respond within the next 10 days to: [address].
Dr. Tran also testified that he asked Citibank for “assistance” and he believed
“wholeheartedly that they — they will give me the assistance. . . . They will help.” Dr. Tran
thanked Citibank “for your assistance in protecting my credit card purchase.”
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The record showed that after Citibank received the completed complaint forms, it
assigned the forms to two different people. As a result, Citibank issued two chargebacks at two
different times about seven weeks apart. The Trans argued that Citibank orally agreed to
“timely” challenge the transaction and breached the agreement when it did not issue the
chargebacks together. But the Trans did not offer any evidence to show that Citibank agreed to
issue the notices or chargehacks by a certain date, within a certain time frame, or at the same
time. In closing argument, the Trans argued that Citibank had “clear, lawful instructions to
follow, and they just don’t obey those instructions.” But there is nothing in the record to show
that Citibank had instructions on the timing of the chargebacks. If the Trans were referring to the
complaint forms as the “instructions,” the forms do not speak to the timing of the challenges. At
most they show that Citibank agreed to investigate the charges.
The Trans also contend that Citibank’s representative “established the ‘goof’ of Citibank”
in issuing the notices seven weeks apart and that her testimony “alone, could be seen by the
jurors as its failure to comply with the oral agreement in its trusted role as agent for the Trans.”
But before there can be a breach, there must have been an agreement. And as we have discussed,
there is no evidence in the record about the timing of the notices. We conclude that the Trans did
not offer legally sufficient evidence of a material term of the oral agreement, and, consequently,
the contract fails for indefiniteness. See TO. Stanley Boot co., 847 S.W.2d at 221—22. Because
the Trans did not prevail on appeal on their claim for breach of oral agreement, they are not
entitled to recover attorney’s fees on that claim, and we reverse the award of attorney’s fees.
CITIBANK’S COUNTERCLAIM FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT
Before trial, the court granted partial summary judgment in favor of Citibank on its
counterclaim against Mrs. Tran for the $10,000 credit card debt. The trial court did not award
Citibank its attorney’s fees, however, and instead submitted that issue to the jury. The jury
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awarded zero attorney’s fees to Citibank, and Citibank filed a motion to modify the judgment.
The trial court did not rule on the motion. Citibank argues that it is entitled to recover attorney’s
fees because it prevailed on its breach of contract counterclaim against the Trans and the trial
court erred when it declined to modify the judgment to award attorney’s fees to Citibank. The
Trans argue that Citibank is not entitled to its attorney’s fees because it did not segregate the fees
incurred solely ftr the breach of contract counterclaim.
Standard of Review
We review the denial of a motion to modify a judgment for an abuse of discretion, See
Wagner v. Edlund, 229 S.W.3d 870, 879 (Tex. AppDallas 2007, pet. denied). We may reverse
only if the trial court acted unreasonably or in an arbitrary manner, without reference to guiding
rules or principles. See Beaumont Bank, N.A. v. Butler, 806 S.W.2d 223, 226 (Tex. 1991).
A trial court may disregard a jury’s negative finding if there was no evidence to support
the finding. Cale’s Clean Scene ‘arwash, Inc. v. Hubbard, 76 S.W.3d 784, 786 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.j 2002, no pet.). Consequently, we review the evidence supporting the jury’s
finding for legal sufficiency. See Id. We first examine the record for evidence to support the
finding. Id. If there is no evidence to support the jury’s finding, we then examine the evidence to
determine if the opposite finding is established as a matter of law. See Id.
Applicable Law
Attorney’s fees are recoverable by the prevailing party in a breach of contract claim.
3
TEx. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 38.001(8) (West 2008); Citibank (S.D.), N.A. v. Durden,
No. 05-11-00154-CV, 2012 WL 6096569, at *4 (Tex. App.—Dallas Dec. 7, 2012, no pet.)
Citibank argues that South Dakota law applies to its counterclaim for breach of the written card agreement. However, as we noted earlier,
Citibank did not comply with rule 202 of the rules of evidence regarding notice of a sister state’s laws, Regardless, South Dakota law also allows
the recovery of attorney’s fees by the prevailing party if the contract provides for the recovery of those fees. Arrowhead Ridge 1, LLC v. Cold
Stone Creamert’, Inc., 800 N.W.2d 730, 737 (S.D. 2011) (attorney’s fees in South Dakota “are recoverable if the parties’ contract so provides”)
(quoting Credit Collection Servs., Inc. v. Pesicka, 721 N.W.2d 474, 477 (S.D. 2006)); see also S.D.C.L. § I5—l738 (West, Westlaw through
2006 amendments) (“The compensation of attorneys and counselors at law for services rendered in civil or criminal actions and special
proceedings is left to the agreement, express or implied, of the parties....”).
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(mem. op.) (same). If the prevailing party properly proves attorney’s fees, the jury does not have
the discretion to deny an award of attorney’s fees. Recognition Commc ‘ns, Inc. ‘. Am. Auto.
Ass’n, Inc., 154 S.W.3d 878, 890—91 (Tex. App.—DalIas 2005, pet. denied), The jury may make
a finding of zero attorney’s fees only when the evidence did not establish that attorney services
were provided or the value of those services, or the evidence showed affirmatively that no
attorney services were needed or the services provided were of no value, Id. at 891.
A party must segregate its attorney’s fees for recoverable and nomrecoverable claims.
Tony Gullo Motors I, LP v. Chapa, 212 S.W.3d 299, 313—14 (Tex. 2006). When “it cannot be
denied that at least some of the attorney’s fees are attributable only to claims for which fees are
not recoverable, segregation of fees ought to be required and the jury ought to decide the rest.”
Id. at 314.
Discussion
Citibank is entitled to attorney’s fees because it prevailed on its breach of contract
counterclaim against Mrs. Tran, Citibank contends that it offered uncontroverted evidence of
reasonable and necessary attorney’s fees in the amount of $68,595.67. The Trans argue that
Citibank’s summary judgment motion asked for $42,360 in attorney’s fees, and they argue that
Citibank did not prove that it incurred $68,595.67 in attorney’s fees on a recoverable claim.
Referring to invoices for services rendered, attorney Evan Mueller testified at trial that
reasonable and necessary attorney’s fees through trial for the prosecution of Citibank’s breach of
contract counterclaim were $68,595.67. He testified that reasonable and necessary attorney’s fees
on appeal were $15,000 for an appeal to the court of appeals, $10,000 for filing a petition for
review to the supreme court, $10,000 for preparing a brief on the merits if the court granted the
petition, and $2,500 for presenting oral argument to the supreme court. Mueller testified that he
segregated his recoverable fees from the fees that are not recoverable.
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On cross-examination, Mueller agreed that Citibank asked for $42,360 in attorney’s fees
when it filed the motion for summary judgment on the credit card debt, But he explained that the
Trans did not consent to judgment, the Trans contended they did not have to pay the credit card
charge of $10,000, the Trans never offered to pay the $42,360 in attorney’s fees, the Trans
opposed the relief Citibank sought, and Citibank had prosecuted the claim since 2009. He
testified that fees of $68,595.67 were reasonable and necessary through trial and represented the
segregated fees for prosecuting Citibank’s breach of contract claim. See cardiac Perfusion
Servs., Inc. v. Hughes, 380 S.W.3d 198, 212 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, pet. filed). Mueller’s
testimony established that attorney services were provided and that those services had value. See
Recognition Commc’ns, Inc., 154 S.W.3d at 891. Consequently, there is no evidence to support
the jury’s finding of zero attorney’s fees for Citibank’s prosecution of its breach of contract
counterclaim. See id.
The Trans argue, however, that Mueller did not segregate his fees for recoverable and
non-recoverable claims. We agree. Although Mueller testified that the fees were segregated, he
testified that he arrived at the segregated fees by deducting those fees incurred before Citibank
filed its counterclaim for breach of contract. He did not offer testimony about segregation
pursuant to the law enunciated in Tony Guilo Motors. See 212 S.W.3d at 313—14. And the
invoices admitted into evidence do not segregate the fees by recoverable and nonrecoverable
claims. Although it is possible the fees were necessarily incurred in prosecuting Citibank’s
breach of contract counterclaim, Mueller’s testimony is not sufficient for us to arrive at an
amount of attorney’s fees as a matter of law. See Recognition Conzmc’ns, Inc., 154 S.W.3d at
891; cale’s Clean Scene Carwash, Inc., 76 S.W.3d at 786. Consequently, we remand to the trial
court the issue of the amount of Citibank’s attorney’s fees on its breach of contract counterclaim.
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TRANS CROSS-APPEAL ON LIBEL CLAIM
The amended judgment set aside the jury’s favorable findings on the Trans’ libel claim
and rendered judgment that the “written statements regarding the ITransi . . were substantially
true, as a matter of law.” In their crossappeal, the Trans argue that the trial court erred when it
granted Citibank’s motion for judgment n,o,v. and set aside the jury’s findings on their libel
claim.
Standard of Review
A trial court may disregard a jury’s finding and grant a motion for judgment n.o,v. when
there is no evidence to support the jury’s finding, TEx, R. Civ. P. 301; Helping Hands Home
care, Inc. v. Home Health of Tarrant Cnty., Inc., 393 S.W.3d 492, 515 (Tex. App.—Dallas
2013, pet. filed). We review a trial court’s decision to grant a judgment n.o,v, for legal
sufficiency. Helping Hands Home care, 393 S.W.3d at 515. Considering the evidence favorable
to and reasonable inferences that tend to support the finding, we will affirm the trial court’s
decision if the evidence supporting the finding is no more than a scintilla. See city qf Keller, 168
S.W.3d at 810.
Applicable Law
A statement is defamatory if it “tends to . . . injure a living person’s reputation and
thereby expose the person to public hatred, contempt or ridicule, or financial injury or to
impeach any person’s honesty, integrity, virtue, or reputation. . . .“ TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.
CoDE ANN. § 73.00 1 (West 2011). To prevail on a libel claim, the plaintiff must prove that the
defendant (1) published a statement of fact; (2) that was defamatory concerning the plaintiff;
(3) while acting with negligence regarding the truth of the statement. Main v. Royall, 348 S.W.3d
381, 389 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2011, no pet.). True statements cannot form the basis of a
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defamation complaint. Grand Champion Film Prod, LLC v. Cinemark USA, Inc, 257 S.W.3d
478, 481 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.).
Discussion
Before trial, the court granted summary judgment in favor of Citibank on its claim that
Mrs. Tran owed the $10,000 credit card charge. The judge found as a matter of law that Mrs.
Tran, and Dr. Tran as an authorized user, owed the $10,000 debt. The Trans have not appealed
that summary judgment and, in fact, concede they owe the credit card charge of $10,000.
Consequently, any report Citibank made to the credit bureaus stating that Dr. or Mrs. Tran owed
the credit card charge of $10,000 was true, We conclude the trial court did not err by setting
aside the jury’s answers on the libel claim. We resolve the Trans’ crossappeal issues against
them,
CONCLUSION
We reverse the trial court’s judgment on the Trans’ claims for breach of contract and
attorney’s fees and render a take-nothing judgment in favor of Citibank. We affirm the trial
court’s takenothing judgment on the Trans’ libel claim. We remand to the trial court for the
determination of Citibank’s attorney’s fees on its breach of contract counterclaim against Mrs.
Tran.
/Elizabeth Lang-Miers/
ELIZABETH LANG-MIERS
JUSTICE
111423 F.P05
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Qtnurt 01
3Fifth Oiitrict of it 3attui
JUDGMENT
CITIBANK (SOUTH DAKOTA), N.A., On Appeal from the 95th Judicial District
Court, Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 05143 13-D,
No. 051 l-01423-CV V. Opinion delivered by Justice Lang-Miers,
Justice Fillmore participating.
4
MICHAEL S. TRAN, M.D. AND THANH
TRAN, Appellees
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED in part and REVERSED in part. We REVERSE the trial court’s judgment on
Michael S. Tran, M.D.’s and Thanh Tran’s claims for breach of contract and attorney’s fees and
render a take-nothing judgment in favor of Citibank (South Dakota), N.A. We otherwise
AFFIRM the trial court’s judgment. We REMAND this cause to the trial court for the
determination of attorney’s fees on Citibank’s counterclaim for breach of contract against Thanh
Tran.
It is ORDERED that appellant Citibank (South Dakota), N.A. recover its costs of this
appeal from appellees Michael S. Tran, M.D. and Thanh Tran.
Judgment entered this 21st day of June, 2013.
/Elizabeth Lang-Miers/
ELIZABETH LANG-MIERS
JUSTICE
The Honorable Mary Murphy, retired Justice, Court of Appeals for the Fifth District of Texas at Dallas, sat on the panel
during oral argument and submission but did not participate in the opinion or judgment.
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