in Re Charles H. Fowler

Opinion issued May 21, 2013
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
————————————
NO. 01-12-00632-CR
———————————
IN RE CHARLES H. FOWLER, Relator
Original Proceeding on Petition for Writ of Mandamus
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Relator Charles H. Fowler filed a petition for writ of mandamus 1
complaining that Harris County District Clerk Chris Daniels refused to docket his
Article 11.09 post-conviction application for writ of habeas corpus and/or directed
1
The underlying case is Case No. 995516, State of Texas v. Charles H. Fowler, the
248th District Court, Harris County, the Honorable Joan Campbell, presiding.
his subordinates to return the application to Relator and incorrectly instruct Relator
to re-file it as an Article 11.07 petition. 2 See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art.
11.07 (West Supp. 2012), art. 11.09 (West 2005).
Background
On October 19, 2010, Fowler filed a post-conviction application for writ of
habeas corpus challenging the validity of a 2004 misdemeanor theft conviction
(trial court case number 995516). See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 11.09
(governing post-conviction writs of habeas corpus challenging misdemeanor
convictions). The District Clerk’s office subsequently returned the application to
Fowler and instructed him to re-file it as an application for a writ of habeas corpus
pursuant to Article 11.07 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, using an enclosed
form. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 11.07 (governing post-conviction
writs of habeas corpus challenging felony convictions in non-death penalty cases).
Fowler spoke with the deputy clerk who sent him the letter, and her supervisor,
before sending a January 14, 2011 letter to the District Clerk’s office arguing that,
2
Fowler also complains that the judgment in Case No. 995516 is void on its face.
The validity of the judgment in Case No. 995516, however, is the subject of
Fowler’s underlying application for writ of habeas corpus which has not been
docketed and on which the trial court has never ruled. This Court has no original
habeas corpus jurisdiction in criminal law matters. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN.
§ 22.221(d) (West 2004); see also Watson v. State, 96 S.W.3d 497, 500 (Tex.
App.—Amarillo 2002, pet. ref’d) (citing to Government Code § 22.221 and stating
that courts of appeals do not have original habeas corpus jurisdiction in criminal
cases).
2
because his application was challenging the validity of a misdemeanor conviction,
it was governed by Article 11.09, not Article 11.07, thus, he was not required to
use the Article 11.07 form to file his application for writ of habeas corpus. Fowler
further argued that the application should be filed and docketed as originally
submitted. To date, it does not appear that Fowler has resubmitted his application
on the Article 11.07 form provided to him by the District Clerk’s office, or that the
District Clerk has docketed the application originally submitted by Fowler in
October 2010, despite his repeated requests for them to do so.
On July 11, 2012, Real Party in Interest, the Harris County District
Attorney’s Office, filed a response to Fowler’s petition at the Court’s request. In
its initial response, the DA’s office essentially agreed that Fowler’s application
was properly submitted pursuant to Article 11.09, the District Clerk’s office should
not have directed him to re-file his application using the form required by the
Court of Criminal Appeals for Article 11.07 applications (applications over which
the CCA has original jurisdiction), and that the District Clerk had a ministerial
duty to file the application Fowler submitted on October 19, 2010. The DA’s
office concluded, “To the extent that [the District Clerk] has refused to accept
[Fowler’s] Article 11.09 application for writ of habeas corpus for filing, it appears
[Fowler] would be entitled to limited mandamus relief under [Deleon v. Dist.
Clerk, 187 S.W.3d 473, 474 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006)]. However, [the District
3
Clerk] may be aware of distinguishing facts or applicable case law that could
undermine this conclusion.”
One week later, the DA’s office submitted a second letter, stating that
although Fowler alleged in his petition for writ of mandamus that his application
had been returned rather than filed, Fowler acknowledged (in a letter filed in
response to the DA’s office’s July 11 letter) that his application for writ of habeas
corpus was currently on file with the District Clerk’s office. The DA’s office
further stated that, “[g]iven this new assertion, mandamus relief would not be
appropriate against the Respondent, District Clerk, who would necessarily have
complied with the ministerial duty recognized in Deleon v. Dist[.] Clerk, 187
S.W.3d 473, 474 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006) (orig. proceedings) to accept Relator’s
application for writ of habeas corpus for filing.”
Although he was given an opportunity to do so, the District Clerk has not
filed a response to Fowler’s petition for writ of mandamus.
Mandamus as a Remedy
An applicant for habeas corpus relief has a constitutional right of access to
the courts as well as a statutory right to file an application for writ of habeas corpus
with the district clerk. See TEX. CONST., art. I, § 12; TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN.
art. 11.09 (stating in pertinent part that “a person . . . confined on a charge of
misdemeanor . . . may apply to the county judge of the county in which the
4
misdemeanor is charged to have been committed” for a post-conviction writ of
habeas corpus). The district clerk’s office has a ministerial duty to file any
properly submitted habeas applications. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art.
11.09; Aranda v. Dist. Clerk, 207 S.W.3d 785, 786–87 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006);
Deleon, 187 S.W.3d at 474. There is no provision for an appeal concerning the
district clerk’s refusal to perform the ministerial duty to accept and file papers. See
DeLeon, 187 S.W.3d at 474.
Discussion
On October 19, 2010, Fowler filed a post-conviction application for writ of
habeas corpus with the District Clerk’s office challenging the validity of a 2004
misdemeanor theft conviction. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 11.09
(governing post-conviction writs of habeas corpus challenging misdemeanor
convictions). Although the application was properly submitted pursuant to Article
11.09, the District Clerk’s office returned the application to Fowler and
erroneously instructed him to resubmit his application using a form for Article
11.07 writs. Fowler’s writ bears a file-stamp indicating that the writ was received
by the District Clerk’s office on October 19, 2010, however, the record indicates
that Fowler’s application was never assigned a separate case number or otherwise
entered into the clerk’s filing system.
5
The District Clerk’s office had a ministerial duty to file and assign a case
number to Fowler’s habeas application. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art 11.09;
DeLeon, 187 S.W.3d at 474. Because Fowler has no right to appeal the District
Clerk’s refusal to do so, Fowler has no remedy at law. DeLeon, 187 S.W.3d at
474.
Conclusion
Because all requirements for mandamus relief have been fulfilled, we
conditionally grant Fowler’s application for writ of mandamus, direct Fowler to
resubmit his Article 11.09 application for writ of habeas corpus to the District
Clerk’s office within 30 days of our order, and direct the District Clerk to file
Fowler’s Article 11.09 application and assign the matter a case number. We are
confident the District Clerk’s office will promptly comply, and our writ will issue
only if it does not.
PER CURIAM
Panel consists of Justices Keyes, Sharp, and Huddle.
Do not publish. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b).
6