Ryan Akins v. State

COURT OF APPEALS
SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS
FORT WORTH
NOS. 02-10-00440-CR
02-10-00441-CR
RYAN AKINS APPELLANT
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS STATE
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FROM THE 211TH DISTRICT COURT OF DENTON COUNTY
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MEMORANDUM OPINION1
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Appellant Ryan Akins appeals his convictions for four counts of aggravated
robbery.2 In two related issues, he contends that his trial counsel was ineffective
and that his pleas were involuntary. We affirm.
1
See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4.
2
See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 29.03(a)(2) (Vernon 2003).
Background Facts
A grand jury indicted appellant with four counts of aggravated robbery
through two indictments that contained two counts each.3 The trial court
appointed counsel to represent appellant. Appellant entered open guilty pleas,
received admonishments about the pleas, judicially confessed, waived several
constitutional and statutory rights, and elected the jury to assess his punishment.
During a hearing in which the trial court accepted the pleas, the following
colloquy occurred:
THE COURT: Okay. I just wanted to be sure we had good
pleas on all four counts. And you‘re pleading guilty in all four of
those counts because, in fact, you are guilty and for no other reason.
Is that correct?
THE DEFENDANT: Yes, sir.
THE COURT: Any questions for me?
....
THE DEFENDANT: Yes.
THE COURT: What questions do you have?
THE DEFENDANT: Oh, I was just wondering why it was four?
THE COURT: Well, because it looks like from the indictments
-- I don‘t know all about the facts, but it looks like from the
3
According to the indictments, appellant committed one robbery that had
two victims on May 7, 2009, and he committed another robbery that had two
victims on May 27, 2009. See McCrary v. State, 327 S.W.3d 165, 176 (Tex.
App.—Texarkana 2010, no pet.) (―[T]he allowable unit of prosecution for robbery
. . . is each victim.‖). The indictments alleged that appellant used or exhibited a
firearm in each robbery.
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indictments that there was more than one person that was
threatened and robbed in each case.
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: That‘s what I‘ve explained to him,
Judge.
THE COURT: Right. In Count -- for example, in [Count I],
there was one victim . . . and then there is another victim that is in
Count II . . . . So two people were there and threatened by the
firearm and robbed when the money was taken. That‘s what it looks
like in the indictment.
But your attorney, I‘m sure, has explained that all to you.
([Defense counsel] conferred with the Defendant.)
[THE STATE]: And, Judge, I can verify that. It‘s two separate
robberies, two people at each place.
THE COURT: Right.
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: I think he understands, Judge.
THE COURT: All right. Any other questions?
THE DEFENDANT: No, sir.
After the jury heard evidence from several witnesses regarding appellant‘s
punishment, it assessed twenty years‘ confinement on each count. 4 Appellant
brought this appeal.
Effectiveness of Counsel
In his first issue, appellant contends that his trial counsel was ineffective
because counsel did not adequately explain that by pleading guilty, appellant
4
Appellant‘s sentences are running concurrently. Because appellant‘s
issues do not relate to the punishment phase of his trial, we will not detail the
evidence presented during that phase.
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was subjecting himself to four punishments instead of two. To establish
ineffective assistance of counsel, appellant must show by a preponderance of the
evidence that his counsel‘s representation fell below the standard of prevailing
professional norms and that there is a reasonable probability that, but for
counsel‘s deficiency, the result of the proceeding would have been different.
See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 2064 (1984);
Salinas v. State, 163 S.W.3d 734, 740 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005); Mallett v. State,
65 S.W.3d 59, 62–63 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001); Thompson v. State, 9 S.W.3d 808,
812 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999).
In evaluating the effectiveness of counsel under the first prong, we look to
the totality of the representation and the particular circumstances of each case.
Thompson, 9 S.W.3d at 813. The issue is whether counsel‘s assistance was
reasonable under all the circumstances and prevailing professional norms at the
time of the alleged error. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688–89, 104 S. Ct. at 2065.
Review of counsel‘s representation is highly deferential, and the reviewing court
indulges a strong presumption that counsel‘s conduct fell within a wide range of
reasonable representation. Salinas, 163 S.W.3d at 740; Mallett, 65 S.W.3d at
63. The second prong of Strickland requires a showing that counsel‘s errors
were so serious that they deprived the defendant of a fair and reliable trial.
466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. at 2064.
Appellant contends that his trial counsel did not ―fully inform him of the fact
that he was entering a plea of ‗guilty‘ to four punishable offenses rather than only
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two.‖ He argues that he ―was not informed that he was subjecting himself to
twice the punishment range that he expected when he entered his plea.‖
The record does not support these assertions. As shown above, after the trial
court explained that the indictments alleged that two people were robbed in each
case, appellant‘s counsel said, ―That‘s what I‘ve explained to him, Judge.‖
Nothing in the record contradicts counsel‘s statement that he had informed
appellant about the indictments before the hearing.
Even if we were to assume, however, that appellant‘s counsel
misrepresented that he had explained the charges to appellant and that
counsel‘s failure to explain the charges fell below the standard of prevailing
professional norms, appellant cannot show a reasonable probability that the
result of the trial court‘s proceedings would have been different. See Strickland,
466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. at 2064. Appellant contends that he would not have
pled guilty if he would have known ―that he was subjecting himself to twice as
[much] punishment as he originally believed.‖ But appellant did not present
evidence supporting that position in the trial court through a motion for new trial
or otherwise, and we may not simply infer ineffective assistance based on
unclear portions of the record. See Mata v. State, 226 S.W.3d 425, 432 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2007); see also Ex parte Preston, 833 S.W.2d 515, 519 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1992) (op. on reh‘g) (holding that assertions in an appellate brief that are
unsupported by the record will not be accepted as fact); cf. Ex parte Moody, 991
S.W.2d 856, 858 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999) (holding that the defendant‘s trial
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counsel‘s testimony was sufficient to establish that but for counsel‘s advice, the
defendant would not have pled guilty). Furthermore, during the hearing on
appellant‘s pleas, the trial court and the prosecutor explained the contents of the
indictments to appellant, and appellant said that he did not have further
questions. Appellant‘s counsel also conferred with appellant after appellant
asked his question to the trial court. Appellant did not seek to withdraw his pleas.
See Mendez v. State, 138 S.W.3d 334, 350 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004) (―It is
reasonable to put on . . . a defendant the requirement of timely seeking, in one
way or another, to withdraw the plea of guilty.‖)
For these reasons, we hold that appellant has not satisfied either element
of an ineffective assistance claim, and we overrule appellant‘s first issue.
See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687, 104 S. Ct. at 2064; Clark v. State, 324 S.W.3d
620, 633 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2010, pet. ref‘d).
Voluntariness of Appellant’s Pleas
In his second issue, appellant argues that his pleas were involuntary
because he was not aware that he ―had to enter a plea to all four counts in order
to plead ‗guilty‘ to committing two robberies.‖ To be constitutionally valid, a guilty
plea must be knowingly and voluntarily made. See Brady v. United States, 397
U.S. 742, 748, 90 S. Ct. 1463, 1469 (1970); Aguirre–Mata v. State, 125 S.W.3d
473, 474 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003) (noting that there must be a showing ―spread on
the record‖ that a guilty plea is intelligent and voluntary). We must examine the
whole record to determine the voluntariness of appellant‘s pleas. Williams v.
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State, 522 S.W.2d 483, 485 (Tex. Crim. App. 1975). Before the trial court
accepted appellant‘s guilty pleas, it ensured that appellant understood he was
giving up constitutional and statutory rights freely and voluntarily and knew of his
punishment range. ―When the record reflects that a defendant was properly
admonished, it presents a prima facie showing that the guilty plea was knowing
and voluntary. The burden then shifts to the defendant to establish that,
notwithstanding the statutory admonishments, he did not understand the
consequences of his plea.‖ Ribelin v. State, 1 S.W.3d 882, 884 (Tex. App.—Fort
Worth 1999, pet. ref‘d) (citations omitted); see Ex parte Karlson, 282 S.W.3d 118,
130–31 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2009, pet. ref‘d) (citing Martinez v. State, 981
S.W.2d 195, 197 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998)).
Appellant cannot meet that burden. There is no evidence that appellant
was uninformed or misinformed by his counsel or anyone else about the
consequences of his pleas before he discussed them with the trial court.
While he initially expressed confusion about the number of charges he was
pleading guilty to, the trial court, the State, and possibly his counsel (based on
the off-the-record discussion) explained why he was pleading guilty to four
robberies instead of two, and appellant then stated that he had no further
questions without seeking to withdraw the pleas. Thus, we conclude that he
cannot prove harm. Crumpton v. State, 179 S.W.3d 722, 724 (Tex. App.—Fort
Worth 2005, pet. ref‘d) (mem. op.) (―The appellant bears the burden of
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demonstrating that he was harmed because he did not fully understand the
consequences of his plea.‖).
For these reasons, we overrule appellant‘s second issue.
Conclusion
Having overruled both of appellant‘s issues, we affirm the trial court‘s
judgments.
TERRIE LIVINGSTON
CHIEF JUSTICE
PANEL: LIVINGSTON, C.J.; MEIER and GABRIEL, JJ.
DO NOT PUBLISH
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)
DELIVERED: April 21, 2011
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