Texas Mutual Insurance Company v. Sarah Ochoa

MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-09-00401-CV
TEXAS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,
Appellant
v.
Sarah OCHOA,
Appellee
From the 49th Judicial District Court, Webb County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2006-CVQ-002143
Honorable Jose A. Lopez, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Karen Angelini, Justice
Sitting: Karen Angelini, Justice
Sandee Bryan Marion, Justice
Steven C. Hilbig, Justice
Delivered and Filed: July 21, 2010
REVERSED AND REMANDED
Texas Mutual Insurance Co. appeals the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor
of Sarah Ochoa. We reverse and remand.
BACKGROUND
On April 5, 2005, Sarah Ochoa slipped and fell backwards in the course and scope of her
employment, hitting her head on a steel cabinet, bouncing off a box, and landing on her buttocks.
She filed a workers’ compensation claim with the Division of Workers’ Compensation (“the
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Division”). In response to her claim, Texas Mutual, the workers’ compensation carrier for her
employer, accepted that as a result of her fall, Ochoa had a compensable, work-related lumbar
sprain/strain injury and other minor injuries. On July 27, 2005, Ochoa notified Texas Mutual that
she was including as part of her claim extensive conditions in her lumbar spine. Texas Mutual
asked Ochoa to sign a release for her medical records, and on September 15, 2005, Texas Mutual
received her medical records. The records showed a pre-existing “low back disc pathology.” On
October 10, 2005, Texas Mutual disputed the lumbar disc pathology as “an ordinary disease of
life.” In response, Ochoa claimed that Texas Mutual had not timely contested her injury.
After the parties could not resolve their differences at a benefit review conference, the
case proceeded to a contested case hearing on the following three disputed issues:
1. Does [Ochoa]’s compensable injury of April 5, 2005, extend to
and include L2-3 moderate central canal stenosis with mild
narrowing of the right neuro-foramen; L3-4 severe canal stenosis
with moderate narrowing of the right and mild narrowing of the
left neuro-foramen; L4-5 level grade II spondylolisthesis with
severe central canal stenosis, severe, narrowing of the left with
moderate narrowing of the right neuro-foramen; and/or L5-S1
broad based sub-ligamentous disc herniation with facet joint
arthrosis as well as mild bilateral foraminal narrowing?
2. Did [Ochoa] have disability, and if so, for what period(s)? 1
3. Has [Texas Mutual] waived the right to contest compensability
of the claimed injury by not timely contesting the injury in
accordance with Texas Labor Code, Sections 409.021 and
409.022?
In his decision and order, the hearing officer found that Ochoa had established “no more
than a sprain/strain injury superimposed on extensive pre-existing degenerative conditions.” The
hearing officer explained that Ochoa’s “theory of an aggravation injury of the magnitude claimed
1
“Disability” means “the inability because of a compensable injury to obtain and retain employment at wages
equivalent to the preinjury wage.” TEX. LABOR CODE ANN. § 401.011(16) (Vernon Supp. 2009). Under the Labor
Code, a worker will not be paid income benefits for an injury unless the injury results in disability for at least one
week. See TEX. LABOR CODE ANN. § 408.082(a) (Vernon 2006).
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was based on the straightforward notion that before the fall she was very active, but after the fall
she was extremely symptomatic.” According to the hearing officer, while “[t]his argument has at
least superficial appeal,” “[i]t ultimately fails because the claimed pathology is so extensive, and
inherent within it are obviously ordinary diseases of life (e.g., spondylolisthesis).” The hearing
officer explained that “[i]t was not established which, if any, of the conditions was the pain
generator.” “Nor did she establish any actual physiologic worsening of these underlying
conditions.” Thus, the hearing officer found that Ochoa established nothing more than a
sprain/strain injury.
The hearing officer then considered whether Texas Mutual had waived its right to dispute
the extent of injury. The hearing officer found that because Texas Mutual “had in its possession
within 60 days of first written notice of this claim information that lumbar disc pathology was
part of [Ochoa’s claim] and because [Texas Mutual] would have discovered the MRI within 60
days if there had been a reasonable investigation of the facts of this claim, it waived the right to
contest compensability of the pathology listed in the issue statement.” The hearing officer then
considered disability, noting that Ochoa said “she worked as long as she could, but the required
standing and walking caused her pain to increase to the point she could no longer work in this
job.” Thus, the hearing officer found that Ochoa’s testimony established disability for the period
claimed.
The hearing officer listed the following findings of facts in its decision and order:
...
3. [Ochoa] fell in the course and scope of employment on April 5,
2005, and sustained a lumbar sprain injury.
4. [Ochoa] has pre-existing L2-3 moderate central canal stenosis
with mild narrowing of the right neuro-foramen; L3-4 severe canal
stenosis with moderate narrowing of the right and mild narrowing
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of the left neuro-foramen; L4-5 level grade II spondylolisthesis
with severe central canal stenosis, severe, narrowing of the left
with moderate narrowing of the right neuro-foramen; and L5-S1
broad based sub-ligamentous disc herniation with facet joint
arthrosis as well as mild bilateral foraminal narrowing, which are
all ordinary diseases of life neither caused nor aggravated by her
work-related injury of April 5, 2005.
5. [Texas Mutual] first received written notice of this claim no
later than July 27, 2005.
6. Within 60 days of July 27, 2005, the Claimant had Dr. Sued’s
records, which included diagnoses of lumbar disc pathology.
7. [Ochoa] had a lumbar MRI procedure on April 19, 2005, which
found L2-3 moderate central canal stenosis with mild narrowing of
the right neuro-foramen; L3-4 severe canal stenosis with moderate
narrowing of the right and mild narrowing of the left neuro-
foramen; L4-5 level grade II spondylolisthesis with severe central
canal stenosis, severe, narrowing of the left with moderate
narrowing of the right neuro-foramen; and L5-S1 broad based sub-
ligamentous disc herniation with facet joint arthrosis as well as
mild bilateral foraminal narrowing.
8. [Texas Mutual] should have discovered the report of [Ochoa]’s
lumbar MRI within 60 days of first written notice of this injury.
9. [Texas Mutual] first disputed the claimed lumbar pathology on
October 10, 2005.
10. As a result of her injury of April 5, 2005, [Ochoa] was unable
to obtain and retain employment at wages equivalent to her
preinjury average weekly wage beginning July 28, 2005, through
the date of the contested case hearing.
The hearing officer then listed the following conclusions of law:
...
3. [Ochoa] sustained a compensable injury on April 5, 2005.
4. By virtue of [Texas Mutual’s] waiver, [Ochoa]’s compensable
injury of April 5, 2005, does extend to and include L2-3 moderate
central canal stenosis with mild narrowing of the right neuro-
foramen; L3-4 severe canal stenosis with moderate narrowing of
the right and mild narrowing of the left neuro-foramen; L4-5 level
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grade II spondylolisthesis with severe central canal stenosis,
severe, narrowing of the left with moderate narrowing of the right
neuro-foramen; and L5-S1 broad based sub-ligamentous disc
herniation with facet joint arthrosis as well as mild bilateral
foraminal narrowing.
5. [Texas Mutual] waived the right to dispute [Ochoa]’s L2-3
moderate central canal stenosis with mild narrowing of the right
neuro-foramen; L3-4 severe canal stenosis with moderate
narrowing of the right and mild narrowing of the left neuro-
foramen; L4-5 level grade II spondylolisthesis with severe central
canal stenosis, severe, narrowing of the left with moderate
narrowing of the right neuro-foramen; and L5-S1 broad based sub-
ligamentous disc herniation with facet joint arthrosis as well as
mild bilateral foraminal narrowing, thereby making these
conditions compensable as a matter of law.
6. [Ochoa] had disability beginning July 28, 2005, and continuing
through the date of the contested case hearing.
The hearing officer then ordered Texas Mutual to pay benefits to Ochoa. Texas Mutual appealed
the hearing officer’s decision to the Division’s Appeals Panel. The Appeals Panel adopted the
hearing officer’s decision as its own.
Having exhausted its administrative remedies, Texas Mutual filed an original petition in
state district court, stating that it was appealing the Division’s findings that it had waived its right
to dispute the extent of Ochoa’s injury and that therefore all of her degenerative conditions were
compensable. Ochoa did not appeal any issue from the Division’s decision and order, but did file
a counterclaim for attorney’s fees.
On July 25, 2008, Ochoa filed a no-evidence motion for summary judgment. On July 31,
2008, Texas Mutual filed its own traditional and no-evidence motion for summary judgment,
arguing that as a matter of law the sixty-day waiver rule in section 409.021 of the Texas Labor
Code did not apply to extent-of-injury disputes. Trial was originally set for September 22, 2008.
The parties then agreed to a revised schedule extending the trial date to January 26, 2009, and
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extending the deadline to file motions for summary judgment to November 24, 2008. Before the
parties had agreed to this revised schedule, a hearing on Ochoa’s and Texas Mutual’s summary
judgment motions had been set for September 4, 2008. Texas Mutual’s counsel believed that this
hearing would be cancelled; when it was not cancelled, Texas Mutual filed a motion for
continuance and a response to Ochoa’s no-evidence motion for summary judgment, arguing that
the sixty-day waiver rule did not apply as a matter of law. At the September 4, 2008, hearing,
Texas Mutual passed on its motion for summary judgment and urged the trial court to continue
Ochoa’s no-evidence motion for summary judgment. Ochoa’s attorney then stipulated that
Ochoa would waive any objections to the timeliness of Texas Mutual’s response if the court
denied Texas Mutual’s motion for continuance. The trial court denied the motion for
continuance, and after hearing arguments of counsel, granted Ochoa’s no-evidence motion for
summary judgment.
Ochoa then sought recovery on her counterclaim for attorney’s fees, and on April 8,
2009, the trial court signed an order awarding Ochoa attorney’s fees. Texas Mutual then brought
this appeal.
DISCUSSION
Texas Mutual argues that the trial court erred in granting Ochoa’s no-evidence motion for
summary judgment because the sixty-day waiver rule in section 409.021 of the Texas Labor
Code does not apply to extent-of-injury disputes as a matter of law. Indeed, since the time the
trial court granted Ochoa’s no-evidence motion for summary judgment, the Texas Supreme
Court has held that the sixty-day waiver rule in section 409.021 does not apply to extent-of-
injury disputes. See State Office of Risk Mgmt. v. Lawton, 295 S.W.3d 646, 649-50 (Tex. 2009).
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Ochoa does not dispute that according to Lawton, 295 S.W.3d at 649-50, section
409.021’s sixty-day waiver rule does not apply to this case. Nevertheless, Ochoa argues that we
must affirm the trial court’s summary judgment because as the party appealing the Division’s
decision, Texas Mutual had the burden to show (1) the sixty-day waiver rule did not apply; and
(2) Ochoa’s lumbar sprain did not extend to her back problems related to canal stenosis,
spondylolisthesis, and disc herniation. Ochoa argues that because Texas Mutual, in its response
to Ochoa’s no-evidence motion for summary judgment, did not raise a fact issue with regard to
whether Ochoa’s lumbar sprain extended to her back problems related to canal stenosis,
spondylolisthesis, and disc herniation, we must affirm the summary judgment on that ground.
We disagree.
Section 410.303 of the Texas Labor Code provides that “[t]he party appealing the
decision on an issue described in Section 410.301(a) has the burden of proof by a preponderance
of the evidence.” TEX. LABOR CODE ANN. § 410.303 (Vernon 2006) (emphasis added). The
Division’s decision and order clearly sets out three separate issues. The first issue dealt with the
sixty-day waiver rule. The second issue considered whether Ochoa had disability and if so, for
what period(s). And, the third issue considered whether Ochoa’s compensable injury extended to
and included her back problems related to canal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and disc herniation.
In its decision and order, the Division clearly found that (1) Texas Mutual has waived its right to
dispute extent-of-injury under the sixty-day waiver rule; (2) Ochoa’s injury did not extend to and
include her back problems related to canal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and disc herniation; and
(3) Ochoa had disability beginning on July 28, 2005, and continuing through the date of the
contested case hearing. The Division then concluded that by virtue of Texas Mutual’s waiver,
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Ochoa’s compensable injury extended to and included her back problems related to canal
stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and disc herniation.
Texas Mutual appealed the Division’s decision on the waiver issue. Ochoa did not appeal
the Division’s decision on any issue. Thus, the issue in the trial court to be determined as a result
of Texas Mutual’s appeal was whether the sixty-day waiver rule applied to extent-of-injury
disputes. See TEX. LABOR CODE ANN. § 410.302(b) (Vernon 2006) (“A trial under this
subchapter is limited to issues decided by the appeals panel and on which judicial review is
sought. The pleadings must specifically set forth the determinations of the appeals panel by
which the party is aggrieved.”) (emphasis added). Texas Mutual did not appeal the Division’s
finding that Ochoa’s injury did not extend to and include her back problems related to canal
stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and disc herniation – the Division had decided that issue in its favor.
And, because neither party appealed the Division’s decision on that issue, that issue became final
and binding. See TEX. LABOR CODE ANN. §§ 410.169, 410.302(b) (Vernon 2006); see also TIG
Premier Ins. Co. v. Pemberton, 127 S.W.3d 270, 276 (Tex. App.—Waco 2003, pet. denied)
(holding sixty-day waiver rule did not apply and rendering judgment in favor of insurance
carrier, explaining that in a case where the Division found no causal relationship between
worker’s fall and his injury but that the carrier had waived its right to dispute, the worker
forfeited any complaint regarding the Division’s no causal relationship finding by failing to
appeal the issue); Lopez v. Zenith Ins. Co., 229 S.W.3d 775, 778-79 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2007,
pet. denied) (explaining that a hearing officer’s findings on an issue are binding if not appealed);
Krueger v. Atascosa County, 155 S.W.3d 614, 619 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2004, no pet.)
(empathizing “with the position of an unrepresented claimant who receives an award of benefits,
along with an adverse ruling on a related issue, and must determine how to protect that award on
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appeal,” but holding that such claimant must appeal the adverse finding to the Division’s appeals
panel to exhaust his administrative remedies). Thus, Texas Mutual’s burden in the trial court was
to show that Ochoa’s injury was not compensable by virtue of the sixty-day waiver rule. It did
not have the burden to show that Ochoa’s injury did not extend to and include her back problems
related to canal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and disc herniation, as it had not appealed the
decision on that issue. And, as the sixty-day waiver issue was the only issue to be decided, the
trial court’s summary judgment must be reversed. 2
Ochoa next argues that if we reverse the trial court’s summary judgment, we should not
render judgment in favor of Texas Mutual. “Where cross-motions for summary judgment exist
on an issue absent factual dispute, we may render the judgment the lower court[] should have
rendered.” Myrad Props., Inc. v. LaSalle Bank Nat’l Assoc., 300 S.W.3d 746, 753 (Tex. 2009).
Ochoa argues that this rule should not apply because Texas Mutual passed the hearing on its
motion for summary judgment. Thus, Ochoa argues that Texas Mutual’s motion was never heard
or denied by the trial court. In response, Texas Mutual argues that its motion for summary
judgment was on file and was implicitly denied by the trial court’s grant of Ochoa’s no-evidence
summary judgment.
In some cases, a ruling can be implied. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a)(2)(A). Here, Ochoa’s
no-evidence motion for summary judgment argued that Texas Mutual could not show that the
sixty-day waiver rule did not apply. Texas Mutual’s motion for summary judgment argued that
the sixty-day waiver rule did not apply to this case. In its response to Ochoa’s no-evidence
2
We are reversing the entire judgment, including the award of attorney’s fees to Ochoa’s attorney, because Ochoa,
having lost this appeal, is not a prevailing party. Thus, Texas Mutual is not required to pay Ochoa’s attorney’s fees.
See TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 408.221 (Vernon 2006). We note that Ochoa claims she is a prevailing party on the
issue of disability and thus entitled to an award of attorney’s fees. However, the disability finding that Ochoa was
disabled from July 28, 2005, until August 28, 2006, clearly related to the waiver issue; thus, she is not a prevailing
party.
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motion for summary judgment, Texas Mutual argued that the sixty-day waiver rule did not apply
to this case. At the hearing on Ochoa’s no-evidence motion for summary judgment, Texas
Mutual argued that the sixty-day waiver rule did not apply to this case. Thus, in granting Ochoa’s
no-evidence motion for summary judgment, the trial court rejected Texas Mutual’s argument that
the sixty-day waiver rule did not apply. We, therefore, hold the trial court implicitly denied
Texas Mutual’s motion for summary judgment. See Frank’s Int’l, Inc. v. Smith Int’l, Inc., 249
S.W.3d 557, 559 n.2 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, no pet.) (holding that trial court had
implicitly denied one party’s motion for summary judgment by granting another party’s motion
for summary judgment because both motions concerned the same issue and the ruling in the one
party’s favor necessarily denied the other party’s motion on the same issue); see also Gary E.
Patterson & Assocs. v. Holub, 264 S.W.3d 180, 189 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, pet.
denied) (same).
Accordingly, as the Texas Supreme Court did in Lawton, 295 S.W.3d at 650, we reverse
the trial court’s judgment, render judgment that Texas Mutual did not waive the right to contest
the extent of Ochoa’s injury by not disputing the extent of that injury within the initial sixty-day
period, and remand this case to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion.
Karen Angelini, Justice
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