Judith Karen Beshears v. Donald Beshears

AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed January 30, 2014.
Court of Appeals
S In The
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-12-01576-CV
JUDITH KAREN BESHEARS, Appellant
V.
DONALD BESHEARS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 429th Judicial District Court
Collin County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 429-52873-98
OPINION
Before Justices FitzGerald, Lang, and Fillmore
Opinion by Justice Fillmore
Donald Beshears (Donald) 1 filed a motion to vacate or, alternatively, modify a qualified
domestic relations order (QDRO) signed by the trial court following his divorce from Judith
Karen Beshears (Judith) on the ground the QDRO did not comport with the divorce decree.
During trial, Judith orally requested the trial court remove a provision from the QDRO that
required her benefit to be calculated as of November 8, 2001, the date the divorce proceedings
were heard by the trial court. In three issues, Judith contends the trial court erred by denying her
motion and by granting relief sought in Donald’s motion and that the evidence is factually
insufficient to support several of the trial court’s findings of fact and conclusions of law. We
affirm the trial court’s order.
1
Because the parties have the same surname, we refer to them by their first names for clarity.
Background
Judith and Donald were married on July 20, 1977. On June 12, 1978, Donald began
working for Merck & Co., Inc. (Merck) and participated in a retirement plan offered by Merck.
In October 1998, Judith filed for divorce. On November 8, 2001, the trial court heard evidence
pertaining to the divorce. On February 5, 2002, the trial court signed a Final Decree of Divorce
finding “the parties have reached an agreement as to a proposed division of the marital estate,”
the agreement was a just and right division of the marital estate, and the marital estate was
divided pursuant to the agreement.
As to Donald’s retirement benefits, the divorce decree provided:
IT IS ORDERED AND DECREED that JUDITH BESHEARS is AWARDED, as
her sole and separate property, a portion of DONALD BESHEARS’ retirement
benefits in the Retirement Plan for the Salaried Employees of Merck & Co., Inc.,
arising out of DONALD BESHEARS’ employment with Merck & Co., Inc., that
portion being 57.5% of all sums, whether matured or unmatured, accrued or
unaccrued, vested or otherwise, together with all increases thereof, the proceeds
therefrom, and any other rights related to the Retirement Plan for the Salaried
Employees of Merck & Co., Inc., and more particularly defined in a Qualified
Domestic Relations Order signed by the Court on the day this Final Decree of
Divorce is signed.
IT IS ORDERED AND DECREED and DONALD BESHEARS is AWARDED,
as his sole and separate property, the remainder of DONALD BESHEARS’
retirement benefits in the Retirement Plan for the Salaried Employees of Merck &
Co., Inc., arising out of his employment with Merck & Co., Inc.
On February 5, 2002, the trial court also signed a QDRO pertaining to the Retirement
Plan for the Salaried Employees of Merck & Co., Inc. (the 2002 QDRO). The 2002 QDRO
identified Donald as the participant in the retirement plan and Judith as the alternate payee of the
plan. The 2002 QDRO provided, in relevant part:
[Judith] is allocated and assigned 57.5% of [Donald’s] benefit accrued under the
Plan as of November 8, 2001.
[Judith’s] benefits shall be payable over [Judith’s] lifetime.
–2–
[Judith] shall be treated as the surviving spouse of [Donald], notwithstanding
[Donald’s] subsequent marriage, if any.
Neither Judith nor Donald appealed the divorce decree or the 2002 QDRO.
Donald continued to work for Merck following the divorce. When Donald approached
retirement, he learned from Merck that, because Judith was named as his surviving spouse in the
2002 QDRO, he was required to choose an annuity option that provided for Judith to receive a
benefit after his death. The cost of the survivor benefit reduced the monthly benefit Donald
would otherwise receive. Donald also could not name his current spouse as his surviving spouse
for purposes of receiving a benefit after his death.
On January 18, 2012, Donald filed a motion to vacate and void the 2002 QDRO or, in the
alternative, modify the 2002 QDRO, on the ground it did not comport with the terms of the
decree. Donald specifically complained that, pursuant to section 205 of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U.S.C.A. §§ 1001–1461 (West 2008, 2009, & Supp.
2013) (ERISA), there are two types of survivor annuities, a Qualified Preretirement Survivor
Annuity (QPSA) and a Qualified Joint and Survivor Annuity (QJSA). Donald asserted the award
of a QJSA to Judith in the 2002 QDRO did not comport with the property division in the decree. 2
Judith filed a plea to the jurisdiction, asserting the 2002 QDRO was a final order, the trial
court’s plenary power over the 2002 QDRO had expired, and the trial court lacked jurisdiction to
modify the 2002 QDRO. Judith filed a motion to dismiss raising the same arguments.
After hearing argument from counsel, the trial court denied Judith’s plea to the
jurisdiction. Judith’s counsel then orally requested the trial court modify the 2002 QDRO to
remove the provision that required Judith’s portion of the retirement benefit to be calculated
based on the value of the total benefit as of November 8, 2001 and to award her 57.5% of the
2
Donald did not contest the award of a QPSA to Judith, and we do not address on appeal whether the 2002 QDRO properly awarded Judith
a QPSA.
–3–
total benefit at the time of Donald’s retirement. Judith’s counsel also requested that, to the extent
the survivorship benefit was divisible, the 2002 QDRO be modified to award Judith 57.5% of the
QJSA.
Donald called Philip Phillips, an attorney whose practice encompasses the preparation of
QDROs, to testify as an expert witness on QDROs. Phillips testified he has prepared over 9,000
QDROs for other attorneys and, in addition, has prepared QDROs in his own cases.
According to Phillips, the Merck plan is a defined benefit plan and is governed by
ERISA. The 2002 QDRO names Judith as Donald’s “surviving spouse.” The Merck retirement
plan has two different types of survivor annuities. The QPSA applies if the participant in the
plan dies prior to anyone beginning to receive a retirement benefit. The QPSA allows a
preretirement qualifying spouse to receive her portion of the benefit and not be “cut off” by the
participant’s death. The QJSA operates post-retirement and governs entitlement to benefits in
the circumstance where the participant dies after the parties start receiving benefits.
Phillips testified there are “separate interest” and “shared benefit” QDROs. In a separate
interest QDRO, the alternate payee’s benefit is converted to her lifetime. This means the death
of the participant has no effect on the alternate payee’s receipt of her benefit. The alternate
payee continues to receive her benefit until her death. In a shared benefit QDRO, the participant
and the alternate payee share the benefit. The alternate payee starts receiving her benefit when
the participant retires and receives that benefit until the participant dies. In a shared benefit
QDRO, the alternate payee will not receive a benefit after the participant’s death unless she has a
QJSA.
The 2002 QDRO specifically states that Judith will receive a benefit for her lifetime and
is a separate interest QDRO. This means the retirement plan will “carve out” Judith’s portion of
the retirement benefit and then will actuarially adjust the benefit based on when Judith begins to
–4–
receive it and her life expectancy. Judith needed a QPSA to protect her interest in the retirement
benefit in the event Donald died before he began receiving a retirement benefit. However,
because the 2002 QDRO is a separate interest QDRO, she did not need a QJSA to protect her
interest.
In Phillips’s opinion, providing for a QJSA in a separate interest QDRO allows the
alternate payee to “double dip.” It allows the alternate payee to receive her benefit during her
lifetime but, if the participant dies, the alternate payee will also receive an annuity based on the
participant’s portion. The alternate payee is then collecting one hundred percent of the benefits.
This gives the alternate payee the participant’s post-divorce property. Unless the parties
specifically agree to a QJSA or it is specifically provided for in the divorce decree, Phillips does
not draft a separate interest QDRO to include a QJSA.
Phillips testified the 2002 QDRO gives Judith a QJSA. This has affected Donald’s
retirement options because, due to the QJSA, he is not allowed to take a lump sum out of his
retirement account. Further, Donald’s monthly annuity is reduced to pay for the extra benefit of
the QJSA to Judith. Finally, by awarding all the survivor benefits to Judith, Donald is unable to
leave any survivor benefit to his current wife. In Phillips’s opinion, the 2002 QDRO awarded
Judith some of Donald’s separate property.
Phillips testified that the purpose of a QDRO is to more specifically define what was
awarded, not to add to the award. In Phillips’s opinion, in order for an alternate payee to be
awarded survivorship benefits in a separate interest QDRO, the award should be included in the
divorce decree or “it should at least be reasonable to interpret it being in the decree.” According
to Phillips, the Merck retirement plan defines the QJSA as a separate benefit. The divorce decree
does not mention a survivor annuity and awarded Donald all benefits in the retirement plan not
awarded to Judith. If Donald was to die first, and Judith gets all his benefits as a result of the
–5–
QJSA, the residuary award in the decree is meaningless. In Phillips’s opinion, there is “no
question” that the inclusion in the 2002 QDRO of the QJSA increased the amount of property
that Judith was awarded.
Phillips testified the 2002 QDRO divided the retirement benefit as of November 2001.
Although the decree does not specifically state the benefit is to be divided as of November 8,
2001, he believes it is implied in the decree. Whether the divorce decree conflicts with the
QDRO, as to the date the benefit was to be divided, depends on the court’s interpretation of the
decree.
Judith called Donald as a witness. Donald testified he retired from Merck effective
January 1, 2011. The only funds he had withdrawn from his retirement accounts at Merck were
from his 401(k) account. Judith testified that she and Donald have an adult disabled son. Since
the divorce, Donald has filed several petitions against her and dismissed them before trial.
Donald ultimately obtained a ruling from a court in Arkansas decreasing the amount of support
he was paying for their son and capping the support at two years. 3
The trial court granted the relief sought in Donald’s motion and signed an amended
QDRO stating that Judith “shall not be treated as the surviving spouse of [Donald] except with
regard to the Qualified Preretirement Survivor Annuity to the extent of [Judith’s] awarded
benefits.” The trial court denied Judith’s oral motion to amend the QDRO. At Judith’s request,
the trial court made Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law. As relevant to this appeal, the
trial court found (1) in the decree, Judith was awarded 57.5% of Donald’s retirement plan benefit
as a result of his employment with Merck from the date of marriage until November 8, 2001; (2)
the decree did not award Judith any of the survivor benefits; (3) the 2002 QDRO included an
incorrect award of survivor benefits to Judith; (4) the 2002 QDRO did not comport with the
3
Judith and the parties’ son now reside in Arkansas.
–6–
decree because it awarded survivor benefits to Judith that were not awarded in the decree; (5)
Donald did not contest the award of the QPSA to Judith; (6) the QJSA “is an additional survivor
benefit to a separate interest” QDRO; (7) the 2002 QDRO is a separate interest QDRO and the
administrator for the Merck retirement plan determined the QJSA to be an additional benefit; (8)
the court sua sponte considered Judith’s request to change the November 8, 2001 division date in
the QDRO; (9) the date in the QDRO was the date the parties agreed to divide the retirement
plan benefit and there was no evidence to support Judith’s request; and (10) Judith did not file a
written pleading supporting her request. The trial court concluded it “was without subject matter
jurisdiction to enter the [2002] QDRO that awarded [Judith] survivor benefits that she was not
awarded in the decree,” the 2002 QDRO should be amended regarding the designation of Judith
as Donald’s surviving spouse, and the 2002 QDRO should not be amended to change the date of
division.
Standard of Review
We review the trial court’s ruling on a post-divorce motion for enforcement or
clarification of a divorce decree for an abuse of discretion. Hollingsworth v. Hollingsworth, 274
S.W.3d 811, 815 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.); see also In re A.B.P., 291 S.W.3d 91, 95
(Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, no pet.) (most appealable issues in family law cases are evaluated for
abuse of discretion). A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts arbitrarily or unreasonably,
or without any reference to guiding rules and principles. Worford v. Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108,
109 (Tex. 1990) (per curiam); In re A.B.P., 291 S.W.3d at 95.
A trial court’s findings are reviewable for sufficiency of the evidence under the same
standards that are applied in reviewing evidence supporting a jury’s answer. Moroch v. Collins,
174 S.W.3d 849, 857 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, pet. denied). As applicable to this case, in a
factual sufficiency review, we examine all the evidence in the record, both supporting and
–7–
contrary to the trial court’s finding, and reverse only if the finding is so against the great weight
of the evidence as to be clearly wrong and unjust. Ortiz v. Jones, 917 S.W.2d 770, 772 (Tex.
1996) (per curiam); In re C.A.S., 405 S.W.3d 373, 382–83 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.).
In family law cases, sufficiency challenges do not constitute independent grounds for
asserting error, but are relevant factors in determining whether the trial court abused its
discretion. Moore v. Moore, 383 S.W.3d 190, 198 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, pet. denied). To
determine whether the trial court abused its discretion because the evidence is legally or factually
insufficient to support the trial court’s decision, we consider whether the trial court (1) had
sufficient evidence upon which to exercise its discretion, and (2) erred in its application of that
discretion. Moroch, 174 S.W.3d at 857. We conduct the applicable sufficiency review when
considering the first prong of the test. Id. We then determine whether, based on the elicited
evidence, the trial court made a reasonable decision. Id. A trial court does not abuse its
discretion if there is some evidence of a substantive and probative character to support the
decision. Id.; see also In re C.A.S., 405 S.W.3d at 383.
Analysis
In her first two issues, Judith contends the trial court erred by amending the 2002 QDRO
to name her as Donald’s surviving spouse solely for purposes of the QPSA and by denying her
request to amend the QDRO to remove a provision that required her benefit to be calculated as of
November 8, 2001, the date the divorce proceedings were heard by the trial court. In her third
issue, Judith asserts the evidence is factually insufficient to support the trial court’s findings that
(1) Judith was awarded 57.5% of Donald’s retirement plan benefit from the date of marriage
until November 8, 2001; (2) the decree did not award Judith any survivor benefits; (3) November
8, 2001 was the date the parties agreed to divide the retirement plan benefit; and (4) Judith
lacked a written pleading to support her request to amend the 2002 QDRO.
–8–
Applicable Law
An agreed property division, although incorporated into a final divorce decree, is treated
as a contract and is controlled by the rules of construction applicable to ordinary contracts. Allen
v. Allen, 717 S.W.2d 311, 313 (Tex. 1986); In re R.F.G., 282 S.W.3d 722, 725 (Tex. App.—
Dallas 2009, no pet.). Our primary concern in interpreting a contract is to ascertain the true
intent of the parties. Italian Cowboy Partners, Ltd. v. Prudential Ins. Co. of Am., 341 S.W.3d
323, 333 (Tex. 2012); In re R.F.G., 282 S.W.3d at 725. We construe the decree as a whole to
harmonize and give effect to the entire decree. Coker v. Coker, 650 S.W.2d 391, 393 (Tex.
1983). If, when read as a whole, the divorce decree’s terms are unambiguous, we must give
effect to the order in light of the literal language used. Id.; In re C.P.Y., 364 S.W.3d 411, 413
(Tex. App.—Dallas 2012, no pet.). However, if the decree’s terms are ambiguous, we must
review the record along with the decree to aid in interpreting the judgment. Coker, 650 S.W.2d
at 393; In re R.F.G., 282 S.W.3d at 725. A contract is ambiguous if its meaning is uncertain or it
is reasonably susceptible to more than one interpretation. Coker, 650 S.W.2d at 393; see also
Milner v. Milner, 361 S.W.3d 615, 619 (Tex. 2012); In re R.F.G., 282 S.W.3d at 725. Whether a
divorce decree is ambiguous is a question of law we review de novo. Coker, 650 S.W.2d at 394;
see also Shanks v. Treadway, 110 S.W.3d 444, 447 (Tex. 2003).
The type of order in question here, a QDRO, is a species of post-divorce enforcement
order. Gainous v. Gainous, 219 S.W.3d 97, 107 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, pet.
denied) (citing Shanks, 110 S.W.3d at 449). The purpose of a QDRO is to create or recognize an
alternate payee’s right, or to assign an alternate payee the right, to receive all or a portion of the
benefits payable to a participant under a retirement plan. Quijano v. Quijano, 347 S.W.3d 345,
353–54 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, no pet.); see also 29 U.S.C. § 1056(d)(3)(B)(i).
A QDRO is a final, appealable order. See Reiss v. Reiss, 118 S.W.3d 439, 441 (Tex. 2003) (post-
–9–
divorce QDRO reviewed by appeal); McCaig v. McCaig, No. 12-06-00374-CV, 2007 WL
1765845, at *3 (Tex. App.—Tyler June 20, 2007, pet. denied) (mem. op.). “Res judicata applies
to final divorce decrees and, under the same logic, applies to final post-divorce orders.”
Gainous, 219 S.W.3d at 105; see also Baxter v. Ruddle, 794 S.W.2d 761, 762 (Tex. 1990)
(applying res judicata to a divorce decree). But an attack on a QDRO is not barred by res
judicata if it is shown that the QDRO is void. Gainous, 219 S.W.3d at 105. A QDRO is void if
the trial court lacked jurisdiction over the parties, the subject matter, or to enter the judgment, or
if it lacked capacity to act as a court. Id. The party challenging the QDRO has the burden to
establish the QDRO is void. Gainous, 219 S.W.3d at 106; see also Stewart v. USA Custom Paint
& Body Shop, Inc., 870 S.W.2d 18, 20 (Tex. 1994) (party bringing collateral attack must show
judgment is void).
A trial court that renders a divorce decree generally retains the power to enforce or clarify
the property division made or approved in the decree. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 9.002, 9.006(a),
9.008 (West 2006 & Supp. 2013). The court may enter a clarifying order to enforce compliance
with the original division of the property. Id. § 9.008(b); see also § 9.1045(a) (West 2006)
(providing that a “court that renders a qualified domestic relations order retains continuing,
exclusive jurisdiction to amend the order to correct the order or clarify the terms of the order to
effectuate the division of property ordered by the court”). However, after its plenary power
expires, a court may not alter, amend, or modify the substantive division of property in the
decree. Id. § 9.007(a), (b) (West 2006); Shanks, 110 S.W.3d at 449; Quijano, 347 S.W.3d at
353. An order that amends, modifies, alters, or changes the actual, substantive division of
property made or approved in a final decree of divorce is beyond the jurisdiction of the trial court
and is void. TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 9.007(b); DeGroot v. DeGroot, 260 S.W.3d 658, 663 (Tex.
App.—Dallas 2008, no pet.); see also Joyner v. Joyner, 352 S.W.3d 746, 749 (Tex. App.—San
–10–
Antonio 2011, no pet.) (noting issue of jurisdiction turned on whether order modified or clarified
the domestic relations order).
Date Limitation in 2002 QDRO
Judith first argues the trial court erred by denying her oral request to amend the QDRO to
remove the provision requiring her benefit to be calculated as of November 8, 2001. Judith
contends the 2002 QDRO modifies the substantive division of property in the divorce decree
because the literal language of the decree does not contain a date limitation. Judith asserts she is,
therefore, entitled to 57.5% of the entire retirement benefit as of the date of Donald’s retirement,
including sums accumulated in the retirement account post-divorce.
Neither Donald nor Judith testified about their agreement on the property division.
Phillips testified the November 8, 2001 date in the 2002 QDRO was not specifically stated in the
decree, but was implied. The trial court took judicial notice of the case file, including the
divorce decree. The divorce decree awarded Judith “57.5% of all sums, whether matured or
unmatured, accrued or unaccrued, vested or otherwise, together with all increases thereof, the
proceeds therefrom, and any other rights related to” Donald’s retirement plan.
Judith argues the supreme court, in interpreting provisions similar to the one in the decree
in this case, has concluded the property division unambiguously entitled the recipient to an
interest in all sums received under a retirement plan rather than an interest in the benefits existing
as of the date of the divorce. See Reiss, 118 S.W.3d at 441–42; Shanks, 110 S.W.3d at 445, 448;
see also McCaig, 2007 WL 1765845, at *1–2. However, the language awarding the benefit in
the retirement plan to Judith cannot be read in isolation. Rather, we must construe the decree as
a whole to harmonize and give effect to the entire decree. Coker, 650 S.W.2d at 393.
Paragraph twelve of the decree, which dealt with the property division, is entitled
“Division of Marital Estate.” The decree provides that Judith and Donald reached an agreement
–11–
as to the proposed division of the “marital estate.” The trial court also stated in the decree it was
dividing the “marital estate.” With regard to property, other than the retirement account, divided
in paragraph twelve of the decree, the trial court stated it was dividing property “accumulated by
either party during the marriage relationship” and that had “accrued during the marriage.” The
decree also stated the trial court was dividing the parties’ debts “as a part of the division of the
estate of the parties.”
In Pearson v. Fillingim, 332 S.W.3d 361 (Tex. 2011) (per curiam), the parties were
married for eleven years. During the marriage, the husband’s parents conveyed to the husband
four deeds for mineral rights. Id. at 362. The wife subsequently initiated divorce proceedings.
Id. The divorce decree signed by the trial court stated “the estate of the parties” was “divided as
follows” and divided property in the community estate into two schedules. Id. The schedules
did not include the mineral rights, but included residuary clauses awarding both parties a “one-
half interest in all other property or assets not otherwise disposed of or divided herein.” Id. Both
parties received mineral royalties following the divorce. Id. Twenty-five years after the divorce,
the husband sought to clarify the divorce decree with respect to the mineral rights, asserting the
rights were gifts to him from his parents. Id. The trial court determined the mineral rights were
the husband’s separate property. Id.
The supreme court addressed whether the trial court had jurisdiction to clarify the decree
regarding whether the mineral rights were the husband’s separate property. Id. at 363. It
concluded the phrase “the estate of the parties” used in the divorce decree encompassed the
community property of the parties, but did not reach separate property. Id. However, because
the husband failed to establish prior to the signing of the decree that the property was separate
property, the mineral deeds were presumed to be community property and were divided by the
residuary clauses. Id.
–12–
The decree in this case repeatedly referenced the “marital estate,” the “estate of the
parties,” and property acquired during the marriage. Accordingly, the decree, when read as a
whole, unambiguously divided only the community estate and did not award Judith any of
Donald’s post-divorce separate property accumulated in the retirement account. See id. 4
Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying Judith’s oral request that the
2002 QDRO be amended to remove the November 8, 2001 date and to award her 57.5% of the
retirement benefit as of the date of Donald’s retirement. 5
QJSA
Judith next complains the trial court erred by granting Donald’s motion and amending the
2002 QDRO to state Judith was Donald’s surviving spouse only for purposes of the QPSA.
Judith specifically contends Donald failed to meet his burden of establishing the 2002 QDRO did
not comport with the decree and that any QDRO that does not award her at least 57.5% of the
surviving spouse benefit does not comport with the decree and is void.
We construe Judith’s argument to be the QJSA was included in her award of “57.5% of
all sums, whether matured or unmatured, accrued or unaccrued, vested or otherwise, together
with all increases thereof, the proceeds therefrom, and any other rights related to” Donald’s
retirement plan. However, the divorce decree does not specifically mention surviving spouse
benefits. We conclude the divorce decree is ambiguous regarding the award of survivor benefits.
4
Relying on the Texas supreme court’s opinions in Shanks and Reiss and the Tyler court of appeals’s opinion in McCaig, Judith argues the
divorce decree unambiguously awarded her 57.5% of the entire retirement benefit at the time of Donald’s retirement. However, Shanks and
McCaig interpreted only a provision in the divorce decree under consideration that divided the retirement benefit. See Shanks, 110 S.W.3d at
445; McCaig, 2007 WL 176584, at *1. Neither opinion indicates the decree under consideration included the words “marital estate,” “estate of
the parties,” or “community property” or that, in construing the applicable decree in its entirety, there was any other provision impacting the
division of the retirement benefit. In Reiss, the supreme court addressed a provision of the decree dividing “community property.” Reiss, 118
S.W.3d at 440. However, the term “community property” was not used in the provision dividing the retirement benefit, and that provision
divided the benefit “if and when” it was received by the husband. Id. A divided court determined that, while the provision may have
impermissibly classified separate property as community property, it awarded the wife a percentage of the retirement benefit as of the time of the
husband’s retirement. Id. at 441–42. The divorce decree is this case does not divide the retirement benefit “if and when received” by Donald.
Rather, in a section of the decree dealing only with the division of the marital estate, it awarded Judith 57.5% of the retirement benefit. Reading
the decree as a whole, we cannot conclude it divided Donald’s separate property by awarding Judith 57.5% of the entire retirement benefit as of
the time of Donald’s retirement. See Pearson, 332 S.W.3d at 363.
5
Based on this conclusion, we need not address Judith’s complaints pertaining to the factual sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial
court’s findings relating to either the division of the retirement benefit as of November 8, 2001 or to whether there was a written pleading to
support Judith’s request to amend the QDRO. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1.
–13–
Accordingly, we review both the decree and the record to aid us in interpreting the judgment.
Coker, 650 S.W.2d at 393.
In Hicks v. Hicks, 348 S.W.3d 281 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, no pet.), the
divorce decree awarded the wife fifty percent “of the community sums, whether matured or
unmatured, accrued or unaccrued, vested or otherwise, together with all increases thereof, the
proceeds therefrom, and any other rights related to or as a result of” the husband’s service in the
military. The trial court signed a domestic relations order that set out a formula for calculating
the wife’s benefit. Id. at 285. The husband appealed complaining, among other issues, that the
domestic relations order was inconsistent with the decree because it provided the wife “shall be
deemed to be the beneficiary of the Survivor Benefit Plan (“SBP”) annuity” through the
husband’s military retirement and required the husband to execute any documents required to
make the wife his beneficiary. Id. at 287.
The Houston Fourteenth Court of Appeals noted that the “agreed divorce decree does not
specifically divide the SBP annuity or mention Wife’s status as a former spouse beneficiary to
the SBP annuity.” Id. Further, the decree did not require the husband to name the wife as a
former spouse beneficiary to the SBP annuity. Id. at 288. The appeals court concluded the trial
court erred by including the beneficiary designation in the domestic relations order because it
was not part of the parties’ agreement and it imposed “an additional obligation not included in
the agreed divorce decree.” Id.; see also In re A.E.R., No. 02-05-00057-CV, 2006 WL 349695,
at *3 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Feb. 16, 2006, no pet.) (per curiam) (mem. op.) (trial court erred
by including provision in amended QDRO requiring wife to be named as former spouse for
purposes of survivor benefits because neither decree nor original QDRO addressed survivor
–14–
benefits and record was devoid of any evidence of agreement between parties regarding these
“additional benefits”). 6
The only evidence before the trial court pertaining to the award of survivor’s benefits was
Phillips’s testimony that Merck treated the QJSA as a separate benefit and that, by naming Judith
as Donald’s surviving spouse, the 2002 QDRO awarded Judith a QJSA. According to Phillips,
the QJSA was an additional benefit to the property awarded to Judith in the decree and awarded
Judith more property than she was awarded in the decree. There was no evidence of Donald’s
and Judith’s intentions about the QJSA when they agreed to the property division in the decree.
There was evidence before the trial court that the QJSA was a separate benefit from the
retirement benefit awarded to Judith in the decree. See Hicks, 348 S.W.3d at 288; In re A.E.R.,
2006 WL 349695, at *3. Accordingly, we conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
determining the divorce decree did not award Judith a QJSA. See Moroch, 174 S.W.3d at 857.
Because the QJSA was awarded to Donald under the residuary clause in the divorce decree, the
provision in the 2002 QDRO naming Judith as Donald’s surviving spouse did not comport with
the decree, and the 2002 QDRO was void as to the surviving spouse issue. See TEX. FAM. CODE
ANN. § 9.007(b); Shanks, 110 S.W.3d at 449; DeGroot, 260 S.W.3d at 663. The trial court,
therefore, had the power to amend the surviving spouse provision in the 2002 QDRO to make it
comport with the divorce decree. See Gainous, 219 S.W.3d at 106–07.
6
In her reply brief, Judith relies on Harvey v. Harvey, 905 S.W.2d 760 (Tex. App.—Austin 1995, no pet.) to argue the award to Judith of
57.5% of Donald’s retirement benefit necessarily included survivor benefits. However, Harvey involved a QDRO requiring the payment of a
QPSA, not a QJSA. See id. at 762 (order named wife as surviving spouse “[i]n the event that the [husband] dies before payments to the [wife]
begin”). Further, the Harvey court specifically noted there was no evidence the husband’s employer treated the QPSA as “being separate and
distinct from ‘retirement benefits’” or of the parties’ intention regarding the QPSA. Id. at 764. In this case, there was evidence Merck treated the
QJSA as a separate benefit from the one awarded to Judith in the decree.
–15–
We resolve Judith’s three issues against her and affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/Robert M. Fillmore/
ROBERT M. FILLMORE
JUSTICE
121576F.P05
–16–
S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
JUDITH KAREN BESHEARS, Appellant On Appeal from the 429th Judicial District
Court, Collin County, Texas,
No. 05-12-01576-CV V. Trial Court Cause No. 429-52873-98.
Opinion delivered by Justice Fillmore,
DONALD BESHEARS, Appellee Justices FitzGerald and Lang participating.
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.
It is ORDERED that appellee Donald Beshears recover his costs of this appeal from
appellant Judith Karen Beshears.
Judgment entered this 30th day of January, 2014.
/Robert M. Fillmore/
ROBERT M. FILLMORE
JUSTICE
–17–