Juan Martin Pedroza v. State

AFFIRMED as MODIFIED and Opinion Filed March 3, 2021
S In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-19-01570-CR
JUAN MARTIN PEDROZA, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the Criminal District Court No. 1
Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. F-1875239-H
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Partida-Kipness, Pedersen, III, and Goldstein
Opinion by Justice Goldstein
Appellant Juan Martin Pedroza appeals his conviction for murder, challenging
as his sole issue that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to render judgment because
this case was not properly transferred to its docket. In a cross-point, the State
requests that we modify the trial court’s judgment to reflect Appellant’s place of
confinement as “Institutional Division, TDCJ.” Based upon well-settled
jurisprudence established in this Court, we modify the judgment and affirm in this
memorandum opinion. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
I. BACKGROUND
In February 2018, Appellant was arrested for the 2010 murder of then sixteen-
year-old Jacob Guerra. On February 16, 2018, Appellant was arraigned by a
magistrate assigned to the 292nd Judicial District Court of Dallas County, during
which Appellant requested an attorney be appointed to represent him. That request
was granted four days later by the Criminal District Court Number One of Dallas
County.1 On March 20, 2018, a grand jury empaneled in the Criminal District Court
Number Six of Dallas County returned an indictment against Appellant for murder.
The indictment was filed in Criminal District Court Number One. The record
contains no order of transfer as between the 292nd District Court, Criminal District
Court Number One, or Criminal District Court Number Six.
Appellant waived his right to a jury trial and entered an open plea of guilty.
Criminal District Court Number One (hereinafter, the trial court) held a sentencing
hearing on December 6, 2019, wherein the trial court accepted Appellant’s guilty
plea, found Appellant guilty of the crime charged, and made an affirmative deadly
weapon finding on the record. At the conclusion of the sentencing hearing, the trial
court assessed punishment at 25 years’ confinement in the “Institutional Division of
the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.” The trial court memorialized its ruling
in a Judgment of Conviction, entered on December 17, 2019, reflecting Appellant’s
1
Appellant later retained counsel for his defense.
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place of confinement as “TDCJ, Correctional Institutions Division.” This appeal
timely followed.
II. ANALYSIS
A. Jurisdictional Challenge
In his sole issue, Appellant contends that the trial court, Criminal District
Court Number One, lacked jurisdiction over this case because Criminal District
Court Number Six, which empaneled the grand jury that returned his indictment, did
not enter an order of transfer. “When a defendant fails to file a plea to the
jurisdiction, he waives any right to complain that a transfer order does not appear in
the record.” Keller v. State, 604 S.W.3d 214, 231 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2020, pet.
ref’d) (quoting Wilson v. State, No. 05-18-00801-CR, 2019 WL 3491931, at *4 (Tex.
App.—Dallas Aug. 1, 2019, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication)
(citing Lemasurier v. State, 91 S.W.3d 897, 899 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2002, pet.
ref’d) and Mills v. State, 742 S.W.2d 831, 834–35 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1987, no
pet.))). Appellant failed to file a plea to the jurisdiction in the trial court and, absent
an objection, waived the issue under our long-standing precedent. Mills, 742 S.W.2d
at 835. Appellant acknowledges that his position on appeal is against current
authority.
Even if Appellant’s sole issue had been preserved, we would find no error
because the record does not show a transfer was necessary. Jurisdiction lies in the
court in which the indictment or complaint is first filed. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC.
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ANN. art. 4.16. In large counties with multiple district courts, such as Dallas, the
judges of those courts “may adopt rules governing the filing and numbering of cases,
the assignment of cases for trial, and the distribution of the work of the courts as in
their discretion they consider necessary or desirable for the orderly dispatch of the
business of the courts.” Bourque v. State, 156 S.W.3d 675, 678 (Tex. App.—Dallas
2005, pet. ref’d) (quoting TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 24.304 (now codified at TEX.
GOV’T CODE ANN. § 24.024)). The court impaneling a grand jury is not necessarily
assigned all cases returned by the grand jury. Bourque, 156 S.W.3d at 678. “When
two or more courts have concurrent jurisdiction of any criminal offense, the court in
which an indictment or a complaint shall first be filed shall retain jurisdiction except
as provided in Article 4.12.”2 TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 4.16; Mills, 742
S.W.2d at 834-35.
The record reflects that although Appellant was indicted by a grand jury
empaneled by Criminal District Court Number Six, the indictment was filed, and the
case tried, in Criminal District Court Number One. Thus, even if Appellant had
preserved his sole issue on appeal, the record reflects no reversible error. Murphy v.
State, No. 05-19-00886-CR, 2020 WL 7396009, at *3 (Tex. App.—Dallas Dec. 17,
2020, no pet. h.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (transfer order was
2
Article 4.12 is inapplicable here, as it governs jurisdiction over misdemeanors. See TEX. CODE CRIM.
P. ANN. art. 4.12.
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unnecessary where the record reflected that the indictment was first filed in the court
in which the case was tried); Bourque, 156 S.W.3d at 678.
We overrule Appellant’s sole issue.
B. Modification of Judgment
In its sole cross-issue, the State requests that we modify the judgment to reflect
the correct place of Appellant’s confinement. Although the trial court pronounced
Appellant’s sentence as 25 years confinement in the “Institutional Division of the
Texas Department of Criminal Justice,” the judgment states, in “Punishment and
Place of Confinement,” that the sentence is “25 YEARS TDCJ, CORRECTIONAL
INSTITUTIONS DIVISION.”
We have the power to modify an incorrect judgment to make the record speak
the truth when we have the necessary information before us to do so. See TEX. R.
APP. P. 43.2(b); Bigley v. State, 865 S.W.2d 26, 27-28 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993);
Asberry v. State, 813 S.W.2d 526, 529-30 (Tex. App.—Dallas 1991, pet. ref’d). We
have previously exercised this power to correct a judgment to reflect the correct
place of confinement in circumstances nearly identical to this case. See Titus v. State,
No. 05-19-00393-CR, 2020 WL 2988643, at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas June 4, 2020,
pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication).
Therefore, based upon the record, we modify the trial court’s judgment to
correctly reflect Appellant’s place of confinement as “Institutional Division, TDCJ.”
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As modified, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/Bonnie Lee Goldstein/
BONNIE LEE GOLDSTEIN
JUSTICE
Do Not Publish
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b)
191570F.P05
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S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
JUAN MARTIN PEDROZA, On Appeal from the Criminal District
Appellant Court No. 1, Dallas County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. F-1875239-H.
No. 05-19-01570-CR V. Opinion delivered by Justice
Goldstein. Justices Partida-Kipness
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee and Pedersen, III participating.
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
MODIFIED as follows:
“Punishment and Place of Confinement: 25 YEARS Institutional
Division, TDCJ.”
As REFORMED, the judgment is AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered March 3, 2021
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