Oscar Bonales v. State

In the
Court of Appeals
Second Appellate District of Texas
at Fort Worth
___________________________
No. 02-19-00433-CR
___________________________
OSCAR BONALES, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS
On Appeal from County Criminal Court No. 9
Tarrant County, Texas
Trial Court No. 1587985
Before Wallach, J.; Sudderth, C.J.; and Kerr, J.
Per Curiam Memorandum Opinion
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant Oscar Bonales filed a notice of appeal more than fifteen months ago.
Despite his receiving warnings from the trial court and this court that his appeal could
be dismissed, he has failed to retain appellate counsel after the trial court determined
that he was not indigent, failed to designate and pay for a reporter’s record, failed to
acknowledge or to respond to this court’s correspondence for more than eight
months, and failed to file a brief. We therefore dismiss this appeal under our inherent
authority for want of prosecution.
I. Background
A jury convicted Bonales of driving while intoxicated with a blood–alcohol
concentration level of greater than .15, a Class A misdemeanor, see Tex. Penal Code
Ann. § 49.04(d), and assessed a $4,000 fine, see id. § 12.21(1). The trial court sentenced
Bonales accordingly but probated $2,000 of the fine and placed Bonales on
community supervision for eighteen months. He timely appealed, staying the
commencement of his community-supervision term until an appellate mandate issues.
See Smith v. State, 478 S.W.2d 518, 520 (Tex. Crim. App. 1972); Humphries v. State,
261 S.W.3d 144, 145 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2008, no pet.).
Although Bonales had appointed trial counsel, she filed a motion to withdraw
as appellate counsel in this court almost three months after his appeal began, stating
that the trial court had determined that Bonales was no longer indigent and was not
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entitled to appointed appellate counsel and that Bonales had not retained her as
appellate counsel.1
We abated the appeal and remanded the case to the trial court to determine,
among other things, whether Bonales remained indigent, whether he wanted to
pursue the appeal, and whether he wanted to represent himself. On February 27,
2020, the trial court found that Bonales was not indigent, that he did want to
prosecute his appeal, and that he did not want to represent himself. The trial court
recommended that this court give Bonales until March 30, 2020 to retain an attorney
for the appeal.
On March 20, 2020, after reviewing the abatement record, this court granted
the motion to withdraw and ordered Bonales to file, by March 30, 2020, a notice in
this court designating his new lead appellate counsel or a motion requesting an
extension of time to do so or requesting other appropriate relief. See Tex. R. App. P.
6.1. On April 6, 2020, we sent Bonales a letter noting that he had not filed a notice of
representation or a motion for extension of time and requested that within ten days,
he file a notice designating new lead appellate counsel, a motion requesting an
extension of time or other appropriate relief, or a response indicating that he had
become indigent and unable to afford an attorney. We noted that if he did not timely
That initial determination of Bonales’s nonindigent status for appellate
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purposes is not in the appellate record.
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respond, the appeal could proceed with him representing himself pro se. We stated,
“If you choose to represent yourself pro se, you will be expected to comply with the
same standards as an attorney with regard to the rules of evidence, procedure, and
substantive law.” Cf. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 1.05; Faretta v. California,
422 U.S. 806, 835, 95 S. Ct. 2525, 2541 (1975) (holding that a valid waiver of counsel
exists when an appellant voluntarily and intelligently chooses to waive the right to
counsel and is aware of the “dangers and disadvantages of self-representation”).
Bonales timely responded that he had lost his job because of the pandemic, had
become indigent, and could not afford an attorney.
We again abated this appeal and remanded the case for the trial court to
determine whether Bonales wanted to prosecute his appeal, whether he had become
indigent, and whether appellate counsel should be appointed. On June 11, after
learning that Bonales was working (just not at his pre-pandemic level), had been
receiving unemployment benefits, and was anticipating receiving a government refund
soon, the trial court again determined that Bonales was not indigent and that he
wanted to pursue his appeal with counsel, and the trial court again recommended
giving Bonales a thirty-day extension to retain appellate counsel. However, the trial
court also recommended that if Bonales did not take some action to secure new
appellate counsel to file a notice of representation in our court within thirty days, then
this court should dismiss his appeal with prejudice so that his probationary period
could begin:
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THE COURT: . . . . Okay. All right. So what are your plans? So, again, I
guess we’re still at the same place. In the Court’s view
here, you still don’t meet the guidelines. So what are
your intentions with regard to an attorney?
[BONALES]: I have two that I’ve been talking to. But I just—[l]ike
I said, I just need to do it and get on with this case.
THE COURT: All right. . . . Well, this is what I’m contemplating.
Again, this call is not my call, but I’m contemplating
recommending to the Court of Appeals that your attorney, if
you’re going to have one, files his or her notice of representation
within 30 days of the date the Court of Appeals receives the
paperwork from this hearing today. Otherwise, I’m going to
recommend that they dismiss the appeal, and that will be that.
So, again, Mr. Bonales, you’re a pleasant
enough fellow. This is the third one of these hearings that
we’ve had. So at some point, if you truly intend to appeal, well
then you need to do something. That means getting an
attorney involved at least to the extent that they’re
willing to make an appearance. And then . . . [t]he
Court will publish due dates and your attorney will
work with you on whatever financial objective you
must meet during that period. But, you know, you’ve got
to get started. And my guess is, although the Court’s
free to make whatever decision they want, if they
don’t receive—
And you don’t wish to represent yourself; is
that correct?
[BONALES]: Correct.
THE COURT: So the only way this is happening is if you have a
lawyer. So then the other questions on this list are
not really relevant then.
So that’s gonna be my recommendation. The
Court—the Trial Court here recommends to the
Court of Appeals that they give Mr. Bonales 30 days
from the date . . . the record of this hearing is filed
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with the Court of Appeals for him to have an
attorney[] file a notice of representation with the
Court of Appeals. And, conversely, the Court will
recommend if that’s not done, because all things have to come
to an end at some point, if that’s not done in 30 days, then the
Court recommends to the Court of Appeals that they dismiss
this appeal with prejudice.
And then you’ll just report in and start—I think you
received probation or something. So you would start your
probation term.
Do you understand that?
[BONALES]: Yes, sir. [Emphasis added.]
This court never heard from Bonales again. On July 14, 2020, after we received
the second abatement record, we sent him a letter requesting that by August 10, 2020,
he file a notice in this court designating new lead counsel or a motion requesting an
extension of time or other appropriate relief. We stated that absent his timely
response, his appeal would proceed with him representing himself pro se. Bonales did
not respond.
On August 20, 2020, we sent Bonales a letter telling him that the court reporter
had informed us that he had not designated or made payment arrangements for the
reporter’s record. See Tex. R. App. 34.6(b)(1), 35.3(b)(2), (3). We stated that if he did
not pay for the record, designate the record, and provide this court with proof of
payment and designation by September 4, 2020, then the court could consider issues
not requiring a reporter’s record for a decision. See Tex. R. App. P. 37.3(c). We also
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stated that if he failed to designate and pay for the reporter’s record by September 4,
2020, then his brief would be due on October 5, 2020. Bonales did not respond.
On October 22, 2020, we notified Bonales that his brief had not been filed and
that unless, by November 2, 2020, he filed a motion reasonably explaining his failure
to file a brief and the need for an extension, we could consider his appeal without
briefs for only fundamental error. See Tex. R. App. P. 10.5(b), 38.8(b)(2), (b)(4); Lott v.
State, 874 S.W.2d 687, 688 (Tex. Crim. App. 1994) (applying the former appellate
rule); Baker v. State, No. 02-14-00157-CR, 2015 WL 392640, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort
Worth Jan. 29, 2015, no pet.) (per curiam) (mem. op. on reh’g, not designated for
publication). Bonales did not respond.
On November 24, 2020, we notified Bonales that his brief had not been filed as
the appellate rules require. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.6(a). We stated that we could
dismiss this appeal for want of prosecution unless, within ten days, Bonales filed with
the court an appellant’s brief and an accompanying motion reasonably explaining the
brief’s untimely filing and the need for an extension. We again received no response.
II. Discussion
We have inherent power to dismiss this appeal. “[E]very court has the inherent
power, exercisable in its sound discretion, consistent with the constitution and
statutes, to control disposition of the causes on its docket with economy of time and
effort.” Green v. State, No. 12-19-00206-CR, 2019 WL 2573945, at *1 (Tex. App.—
Tyler June 19, 2019, no pet.) (per curiam) (mem. op.; not designated for publication)
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(quoting Latham v. Casey & King Corp., 127 N.W.2d 225, 226 (Wis. 1964)); see also
McDonald v. State, 401 S.W.3d 360, 362 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2013, pet. ref’d)
(quoting same). “An appellate court’s inherent power to dismiss a case is reserved for
those situations in which a party has engaged in some serious misconduct such as
bad-faith abuse of the judicial process.” Baker, 2015 WL 392640, at *2 (quoting Burton
v. State, 267 S.W.3d 101, 103 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2008, no pet.)). Filing an
appeal with no serious interest in pursuing it to completion but instead as a delay
tactic or for some other reason is an example of such misconduct. See McReynolds v.
State, No. 07-10-00508-CR, 2011 WL 1496156, at *2 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Apr. 19,
2011, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication); Meyer v. State, 310 S.W.3d
24, 26 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2010, no pet.); Johnson v. State, 166 S.W.3d 372,
373 (Tex. App.—Waco 2005, no pet.).
We recognize that in a criminal appeal, an appellant’s failure to timely file his
brief, taken alone, does not authorize the court’s dismissal of that appeal, whether
under the Code of Criminal Procedure, Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 44.33(b); the
Rules of Appellate Procedure, Tex. R. App. P. 38.8(b)(1); or our inherent powers,
Solomon v. State, No. 02-16-00133-CR, 2016 WL 7240614, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort
Worth Dec. 15, 2016, no pet.) (per curiam) (mem. op., not designated for publication);
Baker, 2015 WL 392640, at *2. Article 44.33(b) of the Texas Code of Criminal
Procedure plainly states that an
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[a]ppellant’s failure to file his brief in the time prescribed shall not
authorize a dismissal of the appeal by the Court of Appeals or the Court
of Criminal Appeals, nor shall the Court of Appeals or the Court of
Criminal Appeals, for such reason, refuse to consider appellant’s case on
appeal.
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 44.33(b). Similarly, while the Texas Rules of
Appellate Procedure explicitly provide an avenue for dismissing a civil appeal solely
based on an appellant’s failure to file a brief, see Tex. R. App. P. 38.8(a), Rule
38.8(b)(1) applies in criminal cases and states that “[a]n appellant’s failure to timely file
a brief does not authorize . . . dismissal of the appeal . . . .” Tex. R. App. 38.8(b)(1).
Rule 38.8(b) provides the following procedures for appellate courts to follow
when the appellant’s brief in a criminal case is not timely filed:
(2) Notice. If the appellant’s brief is not timely filed, the appellate clerk
must notify counsel for the parties and the trial court of that fact. If the
appellate court does not receive a satisfactory response within ten days,
the court must order the trial court to immediately conduct a hearing to
determine whether the appellant desires to prosecute his appeal, whether
the appellant is indigent, or, if not indigent, whether retained counsel has
abandoned the appeal, and to make appropriate findings and
recommendations.
(3) Hearing. In accordance with (2), the trial court must conduct any
necessary hearings, make appropriate findings and recommendations,
and have a record of the proceedings prepared, which record—including
any order and findings—must be sent to the appellate court.
(4) Appellate Court Action. Based on the trial court’s record, the
appellate court may act appropriately to ensure that the appellant’s rights
are protected, including initiating contempt proceedings against
appellant’s counsel. If the trial court has found that the appellant no
longer desires to prosecute the appeal, or that the appellant is not
indigent but has not made the necessary arrangements for filing a brief,
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the appellate court may consider the appeal without briefs, as justice may
require.
Tex. R. App. P. 38.8(b)(2)–(4). Some caselaw indicates that the requirement to remand
the case for a hearing and findings when a brief is not filed does not apply to pro se
appellants. See, e.g., Solomon, 2016 WL 7240614, at *2 n.3; State v. Bissing, 169 S.W.3d
729, 730 (Tex. App.—Waco 2005, no pet.). That is not an issue we need to resolve
here. Even if the Rule 38.8(b) procedures apply to Bonales, who had not retained
appellate counsel, we substantially complied with them. We notified Bonales in both
October and November 2020 that his brief had not been filed and afforded him an
opportunity to obtain an extension. Admittedly, we did not abate the case a third time
for the trial court to conduct a hearing and to make appropriate findings and
recommendations, but there was no need. See Homan v. Hughes, 708 S.W.2d 449,
454 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986) (orig. proceeding) (stating that the law does not require
courts to perform useless tasks); Solomon, 2016 WL 7240614, at *2 n.3 (citing same).
Months earlier, in the second abatement hearing, the trial court had impliedly found
that Bonales had not made the necessary arrangements for prosecuting his appeal, and
the trial court had advised us to dismiss the appeal if Bonales again failed (despite a
second extension) to retain counsel to file a notice of representation in our court. See
Tex. R. App. P. 38.8(b)(2)–(4). There is no reason to conclude that the trial court
would have changed its dismissal recommendation after several more months of
Bonales’s delays.
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When an appellant’s sole failure in a criminal appeal is to not file a brief, we do
not dismiss the appeal. In Baker, we held that we could not dismiss the appeal under
our inherent authority because the appellant’s failure to file an amended brief did “not
constitute engaging in serious misconduct or in a bad-faith abuse of the judicial
process” and his “efforts to represent himself pro se [did] not appear to be malicious
or abusive.” 2015 WL 392640, at *2. We reviewed the record for fundamental error
and affirmed the trial court’s judgment. Id.; see also Tex. R. App. 38.8(b)(4). Similarly,
in Solomon, we held that an appellant who failed to request his brief after requesting
and receiving an extension of time to file it did not by that failure alone engage in
“serious misconduct or bad-faith abuse of the judicial process.” 2016 WL 7240614, at
*2. We therefore did not dismiss the appeal under our inherent powers but instead
reviewed the record for fundamental error and affirmed the trial court’s order denying
DNA retesting and appointment of counsel. Id.; see also Tex. R. App. 38.8(b)(4). This
case is distinguishable from those cases (and others like them) in which the appellant’s
sole procedural failure is to fail to file a brief.
If this were an appeal in which the appellant had merely not filed his brief and
the trial court had not recommended dismissal, we would review the record for
fundamental error in the interest of justice. See Solomon, 2016 WL 7240614, at *2; see
also Tex. R. App. P. 38.8(b)(4); Lott, 874 S.W.2d at 688; McAlister v. State, No. 02-18-
00121-CR, 2019 WL 165997, at *1 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Jan. 10, 2019, no pet.)
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(mem. op., not designated for publication); Baker, 2015 WL 392640, at *2. However,
under the unique facts of this case, justice demands a different result.
Bonales has not simply failed to file his brief. He has completely failed in his
duty to prosecute his appeal. He has neither designated nor paid for a reporter’s
record; therefore, there is no reporter’s record. He has not retained appellate counsel
despite the trial court’s repeated findings that he was not indigent and his insistence
that he did not want to represent himself. Finally, despite our repeated efforts, he has
neither filed any documents nor otherwise communicated with this court in the period
of more than eight months since the trial court warned him that it was recommending
dismissal of the appeal if he did not do something to get it started.
Given Bonales’s multiple failures to engage in this appeal in the last several
months, the trial court’s implicit findings that Bonales was delaying the imposition of
his community supervision by not doing what was necessary to prosecute his appeal
and by not actively pursuing his appeal, and Bonales’s lack of communication with
this court after hearing the trial court’s recommendation of dismissal and after we sent
him our own dismissal warning, we hold that we have inherent authority to dismiss
this appeal for bad-faith abuse of the judicial process. See Tex. R. App. P. 44.3;
McReynolds, 2011 WL 1496156, at *2; Meyer, 310 S.W.3d at 26–27; Johnson, 166 S.W.3d
at 373; see also Ex parte Gil, No. 10-16-00109-CR, 2017 WL 123954, at *1 (Tex.
App.—Waco Jan. 11, 2017, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication)
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(dismissing an appeal under appellate court’s inherent authority and citing other Waco
Court of Appeals cases doing the same).
III. Conclusion
Accordingly, under our inherent authority and under the unique procedural
facts of this case, we dismiss this appeal for want of prosecution. See Tex. R. App.
43.2(f).
Per Curiam
Do Not Publish
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)
Delivered: March 25, 2021
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