Quincy Henry v. the State of Texas

In the
Court of Appeals
Second Appellate District of Texas
at Fort Worth
___________________________
No. 02-22-00204-CR
___________________________
QUINCY HENRY, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS
On Appeal from the 362nd District Court
Denton County, Texas
Trial Court No. F18-3546-362
Before Birdwell, Womack, and Wallach, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Birdwell
MEMORANDUM OPINION
I. Introduction
A jury found Appellant Quincy Henry guilty of online solicitation of a minor
and assessed his punishment at 25 years’ incarceration. See Tex. Penal Code Ann.
§ 33.021. The trial court sentenced Henry accordingly. Overruling Henry’s evidentiary
sufficiency complaint, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
II. Henry’s Issue
In one issue, Henry argues, “The jury erred when it found [him] guilty of online
solicitation of a minor because the evidence was legally insufficient to prove beyond a
reasonable doubt that [he] was the person who sent the sexual texts and Facebook
messages.” Accordingly, Henry does not dispute that sexual texts and Facebook
messages were sent to a minor; rather, he disputes whether the State proved beyond a
reasonable doubt that he was the person who sent them.
III. The Evidence
A little after midnight on April 21, 2018, twelve-year-old Jane’s phone went
off. 1 Jane had left her phone in the bathroom, where Mother discovered it. Thinking
that it was odd for her daughter’s phone to go off after midnight, Mother wanted to
investigate, so she picked up Jane’s phone and saw a Facebook alert from Henry, her
1
To protect the complainant’s identity, we use an alias. See Tex. Fam. Code
Ann. § 109.002(d); Tex. R. App. P. 9.8(b)(2). We refer to the complainant’s mother as
Mother for the same reason.
2
cousin, whose photograph in the Facebook handle she recognized. Although Mother
and Henry were cousins and were Facebook friends, they were not close. Mother
reasoned that if something was wrong, Henry would have contacted her, not Jane.
Feeling uncomfortable, Mother decided to pose as Jane. 2
On Facebook, Henry asked for Jane’s cell number a couple times before
Mother relented. But Mother gave Henry her cell number, not Jane’s. From that point
forward, Mother and Henry’s conversation continued over Mother’s cell phone.
Mother testified that during their texting, Henry showed that he was familiar
with numerous other relatives. For example, Henry was aware of another relative
named Jane and knew the first name of Mother’s deceased father. And when Mother
mentioned another cousin, Candice, Henry responded that he knew Candice was
married to Truck. 3
Mother added that Henry proposed that they meet at a vacant house in a
neighborhood in which she knew Henry had numerous family members. Similarly,
Henry used, as a point of reference, a church that she knew was in that same
neighborhood.
2
Without going into the details, Mother had misgivings about Henry’s father
and brother.
3
Candice is a pseudonym. We use a pseudonym for Candice’s husband as well.
Contextually, Henry probably identified him by his nickname, although the record is
not clear.
3
Mother testified that after she and Henry completed their conversation, she
called the police. Later, a responding police officer took photographs of the
communications between her and Henry.
The responding police officer, Samuel Brandt, said that he had manipulated up
and down the screen on Mother’s phone and taken photographs of those screens,
which contained Mother and Henry’s conversation. The photographs show that the
communications were initially on Facebook with “Quincy Henry” and then were text
messages from phone number (214) xxx-xxxx.4
Mother explained that because she and Henry were related, they knew the same
people. To verify that the 214 number used to text her was Henry’s, she contacted
these other people and determined that they were using the same 214 number to
communicate with Henry. But Mother was not the only person to investigate the
offense.
Michelle Haiduk, a criminal investigator for the Denton County Sheriff’s
Office, testified that she sent a subpoena to the phone carrier to determine who the
subscriber was for the phone number used to text Mother. Haiduk also sent a
subpoena to Facebook to find out who was operating the Facebook page used to
contact Jane and to exchange the initial messages with Mother.
4
Rather than give the actual number, we refer to this as the 214 number.
4
Regarding Facebook, Haiduk determined that two email addresses were
associated with the account, with the first one belonging to someone named Angela
Massey and the second one belonging to Henry. The account had been created in
2009.
Haiduk also looked for an IP address attached to the Facebook account.
Haiduk explained an IP address as follows:
[IP addresses] help identify where the person was when they were
logging into the account. IP addresses a lot of times will tell you who the
person was that was in charge of that account or, for example, if they
live in a household with -- if they live in a house, the IP address can tell
you what house it goes to. It’s almost like the numbers on an address
that’s on a house. It can tell you where it’s at. IP addresses can tell you,
most of the time, whose phone it belonged to.[5]
Haiduk learned that the IP address had been assigned to Massey during the relevant
time period. Haiduk further learned Massey’s home address was in McKinney.
Additionally, through the investigation, Mother had provided Haiduk a cell
phone number—the 214 number, which was the number from which the text
messages had been sent. It was also the number that appeared in Brandt’s
photographs. Haiduk determined that Massey was the subscriber. And the home
address for the 214 number corresponded to the home address for the Facebook IP
address, that is, both were Massey’s home address.
See Wenger v. State, 292 S.W.3d 191, 194 n.2 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2009, no
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pet.) (“An IP address is a unique 32-bit-long code number that each computer
acquires automatically through its Internet access provider for connecting to the
Internet.”).
5
Haiduk further discovered that Massey’s phone plan had two numbers attached
to it. One was the 214 number, and the other was (469) xxx-xxxx.6 Later, Haiduk
learned that Henry and Massey were romantically involved.
After reviewing the phone records, Haiduk determined that the text messages
sent on April 21 and 22 from the 214 number were missing. Put differently, the text
messages that Brandt had photographed off Mother’s phone were not among those in
the record. Haiduk asserted that someone could have deleted them. Haiduk said that
in cases like this one, her experience was that individuals regularly attempt to delete
messages.
Haiduk called the 214 number. Although no one responded, Haiduk left a
voice message. Someone called back; the caller ID showed the 214 number and
Massey’s name. The person who called back, however, had a male voice and identified
himself as Quincy—Henry’s first name.
Haiduk explained that she had asked this male person if he had any
information about the case and informed him that that she wanted to talk to Massey.
The person responded that he wanted to come in and speak to Haiduk to clear up the
matter but asserted that he was at work and would have to call her back to coordinate
an interview. But neither that person nor Massey ever called Haiduk back.
6
For purposes of this opinion, we decline to provide the full number.
6
Haiduk recorded her conversation with this man. Haiduk conceded that she
had no way of knowing whether the man’s voice was Henry’s. Regardless, the
recorded message was played for the jury. Later, the jury heard Henry read two
paragraphs from the court’s charge.
Facebook produced records of Henry’s Facebook account from April 1, 2018,
to June 1, 2018. Haiduk said that during this two-month period, the records showed
that someone logged into Henry’s account about twenty-four times from the IP
address corresponding with Massey’s house. And during the period between April 18
and April 23—the period during which the offense occurred—no one logged in from
any other location. The Facebook records also showed that on April 21, 2018, when
texting someone else, Henry (or whoever was using Henry’s account) had said that his
number was the 214 number. The records further showed that on April 22, 2018, on
Facebook from Massey’s IP address, Henry (or, again, whoever was using Henry’s
account) had sent two photos of Henry.
Haiduk conceded that Henry had not always been her exclusive suspect. When
Mother had called on May 23, 2018, and requested a case update, Haiduk returned
Mother’s call two days later to advise her that the electronic evidence was pointing to
Massey.
And the evidence showed that Haiduk had not exhausted all the possible areas
of investigation. For example, Haiduk acknowledged not going to Massey’s home to
verify who lived there.
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The inquiry eventually turned to whether someone had hacked Henry’s
Facebook account. Haiduk acknowledged that Facebook and other types of online
media could be hacked. She explained that the telltale sign that an account had been
hacked was that the IP addresses no longer conformed to the owner’s typical
locations but, instead, suddenly came from other locations in the United States or the
world. But, said Haiduk, in Henry’s case, all the IP addresses were in the location
where she knew Henry lived7 or in locations that she knew Henry routinely
frequented, so she saw no indication that his Facebook account had been hacked.
Haiduk further noted that Henry’s vocabulary was somewhat consistent with
the vocabulary used in the messages to Mother. For example, when communicating
with another woman on Facebook, Henry said, “What it do kinfolk.” And when
Henry communicated on Facebook with Mother, he said, “Cuz this ya kinfolk.”
In Henry’s defense, he presented the testimony of his mother, Edith Henry.
Edith 8 said that Henry lived with her between January and July 2018. Edith
maintained that while Henry lived with her, he had no computer or cell phone.
Rather, Henry used her cell phone.
Edith said that Henry and Massey had two children together. At the time of
trial, one child was thirteen years old and the other was twelve.
Contextually, Haiduk appears to have concluded that Henry lived at Massey’s
7
house.
We use her first name for convenience and to avoid confusion.
8
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Edith described Henry’s relationship with Massey as bad. She asserted that
Henry and Massey had an on-again-off-again relationship.
Edith maintained that while Henry lived with her in 2018, Henry and Massey
were not on good terms. According to Edith, another man, James Nobles, was living
with Massey at Massey’s house, and Henry “was having issues” with Nobles’s living
there because Henry did not like how Nobles interacted with Henry’s two children.
Specifically, Edith asserted that Nobles was living with Massey in April 2018.
Edith acknowledged, however, that Facebook messages between Massey and Henry
on April 2, 2018, showed that Massey had informed Henry that Nobles no longer
lived with her. Despite that, Edith maintained that Massey’s message was not
necessarily true and that, to Edith’s knowledge, Nobles lived with Massey after
April 2, 2018.
Edith denied that Henry had a Facebook account. Edith acknowledged,
however, that she and Henry had exchanged comments on Facebook.
IV. Standard of Review
In our evidentiary-sufficiency review, we view all the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict to determine whether any rational factfinder could have found
the crime’s essential elements beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S.
307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789 (1979); Queeman v. State, 520 S.W.3d 616, 622 (Tex.
Crim. App. 2017). This standard gives full play to the factfinder’s responsibility to
resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable
9
inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at 319, 99 S. Ct. at
2789; Harrell v. State, 620 S.W.3d 910, 914 (Tex. Crim. App. 2021).
The factfinder alone judges the evidence’s weight and credibility. See Tex. Code
Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 38.04; Martin v. State, 635 S.W.3d 672, 679 (Tex. Crim. App.
2021). We may not re-evaluate the evidence’s weight and credibility and substitute our
judgment for the factfinder’s. Queeman, 520 S.W.3d at 622. Instead, we determine
whether the necessary inferences are reasonable based on the evidence’s cumulative
force when viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict. Braughton v. State,
569 S.W.3d 592, 608 (Tex. Crim. App. 2018); see Villa v. State, 514 S.W.3d 227, 232
(Tex. Crim. App. 2017) (“The court conducting a sufficiency review must not engage
in a ‘divide and conquer’ strategy but must consider the cumulative force of all the
evidence.”). We must presume that the factfinder resolved any conflicting inferences
in favor of the verdict, and we must defer to that resolution. Braughton, 569 S.W.3d at
608.
V. Discussion
When viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, we hold that based on
the evidence’s cumulative force, the jury’s necessary inferences were reasonable. Id. A
reasonable juror could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that Henry was the
person who—while believing he was communicating with twelve-year-old Jane—
communicated with Mother on Facebook and by text message. We summarize below
the evidence supporting the jury’s finding.
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The Facebook account used to contact Jane was Henry’s. No evidence
suggested that someone had hacked Henry’s Facebook account; just the opposite, the
evidence was consistent with no one’s having hacked his account.
Henry maintains that someone might have posed as him in the same way that
Mother posed as Jane. The evidence showed that both the Facebook account and cell
phone were Henry’s. There was no evidence that anyone purloined Henry’s cell
phone. And there was no explanation why anyone other than Henry would post
selfies of Henry on Henry’s Facebook account. Additionally, the person
communicating with Mother was familiar with Mother’s other family members and
with Henry’s extended family’s neighborhood. A hacker or someone posing as Henry
would be less likely to have this familiarity.
Further, through acquaintances that Mother and Henry had in common,
Mother verified that the 214 number used to communicate with her was Henry’s. In
other words, Mother learned that the 214 number was the one that others routinely
used to phone Henry.
Other indicia linked both the Facebook account and the 214 number to Henry.
For example, when Henry was communicating on Facebook with another woman, he
asserted that the 214 number was his. In another instance on Facebook, Henry used
the word “kinfolk,” which also appeared in the communications with Mother.
Elsewhere on Facebook, Henry even sent two photos of himself. These examples
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point to the reasonable conclusion that both the Facebook account and the 214
number were Henry’s.
Additional evidence supported the conclusion that the 214 number was
Henry’s. Specifically, when Haiduk phoned the 214 number, the person who returned
her call identified himself as Quincy—Henry’s first name. And although Haiduk could
not vouch that the voice was Henry’s, the jury heard both the recording of Haiduk’s
conversation with Quincy and Henry’s voice when he read out loud two paragraphs
from the court’s charge. Based on the verdict, the jury concluded that the two voices
were consistent.
The jury also had to resolve why Massey’s name—in addition to Henry’s—kept
surfacing. For example, Henry’s Facebook account had two email addresses
connected to it. One was his, and the other was Massey’s. Similarly, the 214 number
was one of two numbers on Massey’s phone plan. Additionally, the IP address for
Henry’s Facebook account and the home address associated with the two phone
numbers on Massey’s plan were both linked to Massey’s house. Accordingly, the
evidence showed a consistent tie between Henry, Massey, and Massey’s home.
The other evidence, however, shed considerable light on the connection
between Henry, Massey, and Massey’s home. Henry and Massey had two children
together, and based on the children’s ages at the time of trial, they were born around
2009 or 2010. Coincidentally, Henry’s Facebook account was created in 2009. Thus, a
rational juror could reasonably attribute the fact that Massey was linked to both
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Henry’s Facebook account and 214 number to the relationship Henry and Massey
shared dating back to at least 2009.
Other evidence, although contradicted, further supported the reasonable
inference that Henry lived with Massey in April 2018. Over a two-month period from
April 1, 2018, to June 1, 2018, someone had logged into Henry’s Facebook account
about twenty-four times from the IP address corresponding with Massey’s house.
Twenty-four log-ons from the same location over that time span supports the
inference that the person doing so lived there.
Although Edith testified that Henry lived with her at all the relevant times, the
jury did not have to believe her. Factfinders may disbelieve a witness’s testimony in
part or in its entirety; this is true regardless of whether other evidence contradicts the
witness’s testimony. Hernandez v. State, 161 S.W.3d 491, 501 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005).
Here, Edith was Henry’s mother, which could cause a juror to reasonably question
her impartiality. See Evans v. State, 202 S.W.3d 158, 163 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006);
Houston v. State, No. 02-17-00025-CR, 2018 WL 1095541, at *6 & n.4 (Tex. App.—
Fort Worth Mar. 1, 2018, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication)
(“Disregarding or otherwise discounting the alibi testimony of Houston’s mother was
well within the jury’s credibility prerogative.”).
And, further, Edith had been caught saying something that was demonstrably
not true—Edith asserted that Henry did not have a Facebook account, but other
evidence showed that she had communicated with him on Facebook. Because Edith
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had communicated with Henry on Facebook, she should have known Henry had a
Facebook account, but she represented the contrary to the jury.
That was not the only instance that Edith gave testimony that contradicted
other evidence. Edith maintained that Nobles lived with Massey in April 2018. But
Massey herself had sent Henry a message in early April 2018 in which she asserted
that Nobles no longer lived with her. When confronted with Massey’s message to
Henry, Edith effectively opined that Massey was lying to Henry. The jury, however,
did not have to rely strictly on Massey’s message and Edith’s testimony to resolve
whether Nobles was still living with Massey in April 2018. The jury also had evidence
that someone had logged into Henry’s Facebook account from Massey’s home around
twenty-four times in April and May 2018. If Nobles were still living with Massey, this
would have placed Nobles and Henry in the same home on about two dozen
occasions. A reasonable factfinder could have determined that this dynamic was
unlikely. Additionally, there was no testimony that Henry logged into his Facebook
account from Edith’s home during the relevant period. In short, the jury had many
reasons to question Edith’s credibility and to disregard her testimony.
The jury, as the factfinder, resolves conflicts in the testimony, weighs the
evidence, and draws reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts. See
Harrell, 620 S.W.3d at 914. As an appellate court, we presume that the jury resolved
any conflicting inferences in the verdict’s favor, and we defer to those determinations.
See Braughton, 569 S.W.3d at 608. We may not re-evaluate the evidence’s weight and
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credibility. See Queeman, 520 S.W.3d at 622. Nor may we substitute our judgment for
that of the jury. See id.We hold that a reasonable juror could have found beyond a reasonable doubt
that Henry was the person who communicated with Mother on Facebook and by text
message while believing he was communicating with twelve-year-old Jane. We
overrule Henry’s issue.
VI. Conclusion
Having overruled Henry’s issue, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/s/ Wade Birdwell
Wade Birdwell
Justice
Do Not Publish
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)
Delivered: May 25, 2023
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