Tonnahill v. State

DAVIDSON, Presiding Judge.

The conviction was for abortion' charged to have been committed by administration of a drug.

The theory of the State and testimony of the prosecutrix were that appellant gave to the prosecutrix a certain medicine which was subsequently used by her in producing the abortion. She said that when he handed her the medicine he told her to keep it and he would tell her when it was time to take it, or to keep it until she heard from him; and that she afterwards heard from him and that some time after hearing from him she took the medicine. She claimed to have received a letter from him, saying: “I suppose it was from him, as he was the only one that knew I had this medicine.” The letter was lost and its existence and appellant’s connection with it developed a sharp issue of fact.

In submission of the case to the jury, the appellant requested the following charge: "The prosecutrix, Lena Ward, testified that when the • defendant gave her certain drugs which she claimed to have sub sequently administered to herself and caused her to abort, he told her not to use such drugs until she heard from him. • If such was the fact the defendant would not be guilty of the crime charged unless he did subsequently give her instructions with reference to the use of said drugs. How the burden of proof is upon the State to prove beyond a reasonable doubt the defendant’s guilt before you would .be authorized to convict him. You are instructed, therefore, that even though you may believe the defendant gave Lena Ward the medicine, still, unless you believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant subsequently directed the said Lena Ward to use the medicine which she claims to have been theretofore delivered to her by him, you will return a verdict of not guilty and so say.”

It is conceded by the Assistant Attorney General that this ■ charge should have been given, and that its refusal is error. In this conclusion we agree with him. Appellant was not present at the time the medicine was taken by the prosecutrix. Exception was also reserved to the charge because it submitted a state of facts for the consideration of the jury, as a basis of conviction, which were not charged in the indictment. The indictment charged the abortion was procured by administering and causing to be administered to prosecutrix, a pregnant woman, with her consent, a drug and medicine calculated to produce an abortion, and did then and there destroy the life of the fetus in the womb of the said woman, and did then and there by the use of the means aforesaid procure an abortion as aforesaid. The court, after submitting the above charge to the jury, further instructed them that if the defendant by the use, if any, of the means, if any, aforesaid, procured a premature birth, if any, of said fetus, if any, then and in that event they will find the defendant guilty. This phase of the statute was not charged in the indictment. We think the exception was well taken, and the charge should have been corrected, and that clause of it omitted and not given to the jury. The allegation of the indictment was that defendant destroyed the life of the fetus in the womb, and by this means procured an abortion. Thp statute defines an abortion as follows:

“By the term ‘abortion’ is meant that the life of the fetus or embryo shall be destroyed in a woman’s womb, or that a premature birth thereof may be caused.”

Either of these conditions being present would authorize the grand jury to so charge, and both could be charged if thought necessary. Either would form the basis of the prosecution. But the State in this case elected to charge and try him for destroying the life of the fetus in the womb, and not by bringing on a premature birth. That these two provisions are different is shown by the language employed by the Legislature. In one it would be necessary to destroy the life of the fetus in connection with the abortion, and in the other, with reference only to premature birth. If the abortion by premature birth was relied upon, it should have been charged in the indictment, which was not done. The court, therefore, authorized a conviction upon a proposition not involved in the allegation.

There is another question involved, and upon it special instructions were asked and refused, that is, unless the jury should find from the facts that the child in the womb of prosecutrix was a live fetus and its life destroyed by the means set out as a prerequisite to the abortion, the jury should find in favor of the defendant. This is presented in two or three ways by special charges, and all refused. It was necessary for the State to prove the fact that the child was alive, and that the medicine administered was done for the purpose of destroying its life, and in this manner produce the abortion. If the child was not alive, then the case was not proved. The testimony upon this is very meager and quite uncertain. It left room for doubt as to whether the facts sustained this allegation. Thé court, therefore, was in error in not giving these instructions to the jury. They could not find appellant guilty under the indictment unless the facts would show beyond a reasonable doubt that the child was alive at the time of the administration of the drugs, and that the medicine was administered for the purpose of destroying that life as a means of producing the abortion.

For the reasons indicated the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.

Reversed and remanded.