Rogero v. Secretary of Health and Human Services

In the United States Court of Federal Claims
No. 11-770V (Pro Se)
(Filed Under Seal: April 9, 2019 | Reissued: April 26, 2019)*
KeyWords: Motion for Relief from
HEATHER ROGERO and WALTER A. Judgment; RCFC 60(b); RCFC 60(d)(3).
ROGERO, Il. Friend of W.R., a minor,
Petitioners,
SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES,
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Respondent. )
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Heather Rogero and Waller A. Rogero, Mountain Home, AR, pro se.
Voris E. Johnson, Jr., Senior Trial Attorney, Torts Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of
Justice, Washington, DC, With whom Were Catharine E. Reeves, Deputy Director, C. Salvatore
D ’Alessio, Acting Director, and Joseph H. Hunt, Assistant Attorney General, for Respondent.
OPINION AND ORDER
KAPLAN, Judge.
Before the Court are two submissions received from pro se Petitioners Heather and
Walter A. Rogero (“the Rogeros”) in connection With this vaccine case concerning their son,
W.R. First, the Court received on March 6, 2019 a submission styled alternatively as a motion
for enlargement of pages, to correct the docket, for a supplemental pleading, and/or order of
Withdrawal (“motion to correct”). In substance, this document takes issue With the Court’s
decision to construe a March 4, 2019 motion which Was styled as “Petitioner’s Motion Under
RCFC 59” (“the Rule 59 motion”) as a motion for relief from judgment under Rule 60 of the
Rules of the Court of F ederal Claims (“RCFC”). E Docket No. 220.'
* This opinion Was previously issued under seal on April 9, 2019. The parties Were given the
opportunity to propose redactions on or before April 23, 2019. Because the only proposed
redactions did not comply With Vaccine Rule 18(b), the Court reissues this opinion and order in
its entirety.
l Although it Was construed as a motion filed pursuant to Rule 60, the Court Will refer to the self-
styled Rule 59 motion as “the Rule 59 motion” in order to avoid confusion With the Rule 60
motion received on March 21 , 2019.
The Clerk of the Court shall file this document under seal on the docket for this case. For
the reasons set forth below, the motion shall be DENIED-IN-PART to the extent it requests
correction or withdrawal of the Court’s previous order. The motion will also be DENIED as
moot to the extent it seeks permission to file a successive Rule 60 motion, because the Rogeros
do not need the Court’s approval on this front. Finally, the motion shall be GRANTED-IN-
PART to the extent that it seeks permission to exceed applicable page limits.
Second, the Court is in receipt of the Rogeros’ “Combined Redaction Response and
RCFC 60 Motion for Relief of Judgment Pursuant to 60(b) & (d) Grounds” (“the Rule 60
motion”) with an attached appendix and explanatory letter. The Clerk of the Court shall also file
this submission under seal on the docket. For the reasons discussed below, this Rule 60 motion
shall be DENIED. In addition, because the Rogeros have not requested any redactions permitted
by the governing rules, the Court’s previous opinion (Docket No. 222) shall be reissued in full as
a public document.
DISCUSSION
I. The Rogeros’ Objection and Motion to Correct as to the Court’s March 4, 2019
Opinion and Order
In the March 6 submission that is currently before the Court, the Rogeros object to the
Court’s decision to construe their Rule 59 motion as a motion filed under RCFC 60. The Rogeros
explain that they deliberately filed their March 4, 2019 motion under Rule 59 and intended to
reserve their right to later seek relief pursuant to Rule 60. They therefore request that the Court
allow an enlargement of pages, correct the docket, allow a supplemental pleading, and/or allow
them to withdraw their previous motion.
The Court treated the Rogeros’ Rule 59 motion as a motion under RCFC 60 because the
time for filing a Rule 59 motion seeking reconsideration of this Court’s January 12, 2018
decision was expired. The Court has the discretion to treat an untimely Rule 59 motion as a
motion for relief from judgment under Rule 60(b). § Piotrowski v. United States, No. 13-
760C, 2015 WL 1651610, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Apr. 10, 2015) (citing Mendez v. United States No.
11-160C, 2014 WL 2772590, at *1 (Fed. Cl. June 18, 2014), affd_, No. 2014-5116, 2015 WL
106585 (Fed. Cir. Jan. 8, 2015) (treating an untimely Rule 59(a) motion as a Rule 60(b) motion);
Branum v. Clark, 927 F.2d 698, 704 (2d Cir. 1991) (stating that an untimely Rule 59(e) motion is
properly considered a Rule 60(b) motion under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure)).
The Rogeros appear to believe that their previous Rule 59 motion was timely, however,
because it was filed within twenty-eight days after the mandate was issued by the Federal Circuit
in the Rogeros’ appeal. §§ Motion to Correct at 3-4. But as the Court explained in its previous
order, the Rogeros’ time to file a Rule 59 motion with respect to any ruling of Qi§ Court elapsed
on February 9, 2018, which was twenty-eight days after this Court entered judgment on January
12, 2018. Docket No. 222 at l. The Rogeros cannot file a timely Rule 59 motion in this Court
now (and could not have when they filed their previous Motion) on the basis of the mandate
issued in the Federal Circuit, because this Court “lacks the authority to afford relief from a
judgment or order of the court of appeals.” lg at 4 n.2. And although the Rogeros accurately
state in their later-filed Rule 60 motion that the entry denoting the mandate of the Federal Circuit
references a “judgment,” relief as to th_at judgment would have to come from the Federal Circuit
through a petition for rehearing or the Supreme Court of the United States through a petition for
a writ of certiorari.2
The motion to correct is also animated by the Rogeros’ stated intent to preserve their
right to file a future Rule 60 motion, which they have now done. § Motion to Correct at 5-6.
But the Court’s decision to construe the Rogeros’ previous motion as one brought under Rule 60
rather than Rule 59 does not prevent them from filing a subsequent Rule 60 motion. Mora v.
Sec’v of Health & Human Servs., 673 F. App’x 991, 997 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (“[A] litigant can
bring successive Rule 60(b) motions.”). In other words, the relief the Rogeros have requested is
unnecessary to preserve their right to file such a motion.
Accordingly, because the Court permissibly construed the Rogeros’ Rule 59 motion as
one filed under Rule 60, the motion to correct is DENIED-IN-PART to the extent that it
requests that the Court correct the docket and/or withdraw its previous order. The motion is
GRANTED-IN-PART to the extent the Rogeros requested to file additional pages with their
subsequently filed Rule 60 motion. Finally, the motion to correct is DENIED as moot to the
extent the Rogeros have requested permission to file a successive Rule 60 motion, because case
law clearly affords them this right without the Court’s approval.
II. The Rogeros’ Rule 60 Motion
The Court has reviewed and carefully considered the Rogeros’ lengthy Rule 60 motion,
which was received on March 21 , 2019. Although the Rogeros have couched their objections in
the language of RCFC 60, in substance they are asking the Court to revisit the merits of the
Special Master’s decision because they continue to believe that it was unfair and incorrect. For
the reasons set forth below, the Rogero’s arguments do not provide an adequate basis for
granting their motion for relief under Rule 60.
As previously set forth in the Court’s March 4 order, RCFC 60(b) states that the Court
“may relieve a party . . . from a final judgment, order, or proceeding” for any of six enumerated
reasons:
(l) Mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect;
(2) Newly discovered evidence that, with reasonable diligence, could not have
been discovered in time to move for a new trial under RCFC 59(b);
(3) Fraud (whether previously called intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation,
or misconduct by an opposing party;
(4) The judgment is void;
2 The Rogeros did, in fact, file a petition for rehearing in the F ederal Circuit that was denied on
January 18, 2019. Accordingly, they have the right to file a petition for a writ of certiorari with
the Supreme Court until April 18, 2019. § Sup. Ct. R. 13.
(5) The judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged; it is based on an
earlier judgment that has been reversed or vacated; or applying it
prospectively is no longer equitable; or
(6) Any other reason that justifies relief.
RCFC 60(b).
“As a remedial provision, Rule 60(b) is to be ‘1iberally construed for the purpose of doing
substantial justice.”’ Patton v. Sec’v of Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 25 F.3d 1021, 1030
(Fed. Cir. 1994) (citing 7 J ames W. Moore & Jo Desha Lucas, Moore’s Federal Practice
1111 60.18[8], 60.19 (2d ed. 1993)). At the same time, “[t]he United States Supreme Court has
‘cautioned that the Rule should only be applied in extraordinary circumstances.”’ Perry v. United
States, 558 F. App’x 1004, 1006 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (quoting Lilieberg v. Health Servs. Acquisition
m, 486 U.S. 847, 864 (1988)) (alterations omitted). Therefore, in ruling on a motion under
RCFC 60(b), a court must strike “a proper balance between the conflicting principles that
litigation must be brought to an end and that justice should be done.” Hutchins v. Zoll Med.
Ep_., 492 F.3d 1377, 1386 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (quoting 11 Charles A. Wright, Arthur R. Miller
& Mary Kay Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2851 (2d ed. 1995)).
As noted in the Court’s March 4 order, motions seeking relief under RCFC 60(b)(1), (2),
or (3) must be filed within one year from the date of the judgment at issue. RCFC 60(0)(1).
Because the Rogeros filed their motion more than one year after the Court denied their motion
for review on January 11, 2018, they may not rely on RCFC 60(b)(1), (2), or (3).
Under RCFC 60(c)(1), a motion based on Rule 60(b)(4) or (6) must be filed within a
“reasonable” time. L3 Here, the Rogeros’ motion to vacate this Court’s judgment and remand to
the Special Master was not filed within a reasonable time. To the contrary, it was filed more than
a year after this Court’s decision and after the Rogeros had already unsuccessfully pursued relief
in the court of appeals, including an unsuccessful petition for rehearing.
ln any event, even assuming that the Court were to find that the Rogeros’ motion under
RCFC 60(b)(4) and (b)(6) was filed within a reasonable time period, it lacks merit. First, the
Supreme Court has defined a “void” judgment for purposes of Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(4) as “one so
affected by a fundamental infirmity that the infirmity may be raised even after the judgment
becomes final.” United Student Aid Funds, Inc. v. Espinosa, 559 U.S. 260, 270 (2010).4 “The list
of such infirmities is exceedingly short.” Ld. A judgment is not void “simply because it is or may
have been erroneous.” Ld. (quotations and citations omitted). “lnstead, Rule 60(b)(4) applies only
in the rare instance where a judgment is premised either on a certain type of jurisdictional error
or on a violation of due process that deprives a party of notice or the opportunity to be heard.” §
at 271 (citations omitted); see also Brovhill Fumiture Indus., Inc. v. Craftmaster Fumiture Corp.,
12 F.3d 1080, 1084 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (“[l]t is well established that a judgment is void for
3 The Rogeros have not claimed that Rule 60(b)(5) can be invoked as an avenue for relief.
4 The language of Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) is essentially identical to that of RCFC 60(b).
purposes of 60(b)(4) only when the court that rendered the judgment lacked jurisdiction or failed
to act in accordance with due process of law.”).
In their motion, the Rogeros repeatedly assert that they seek relief based on due process
process principles They contend that Special Master Hastings failed to comprehend or
accurately describe their legal theory or to give adequate consideration to their proffered
evidence. They also accuse the Court, the Special Master and the government of
“misrepresenting” various facts and principles of law with which they disagree. These kinds of
arguments, however, do not support a claim under RCFC 60(b)(4) because they do not show that
the Rogeros suffered “a violation of due process that deprive[d them] of notice or the opportunity
to be heard.” United Student Aid Funds. Inc., 559 U.S. at 271. The Rogeros had ample
opportunity to be heard when the case was before the Special Master, and while they are
dissatisfied with the results, it is clear to the Court that the Special Master gave careful
consideration to their arguments In addition, the Rogeros pursued two rounds of review of the
Special Master’s decision, one before this Court and one in the court of appeals.
The Rogeros also contend that Special Master Hastings’s alleged errors constitute a
“manifest injustice” and warrant relief under Rule 60(b)(6). “A movant is entitled to relief under
Rule 60(b)(6)_the ‘catch-all’ provision-if ‘such action is appropriate to accomplish justice’
and only iri ‘extraordinary circumstances.”’ CEATS. lnc. v. Cont’l Airlines, Inc., 755 F.3d 1356,
1361 (Fed. Cir. 2014); see also Fiskars, Inc. v. Hunt Mfg. Co., 279 F.3d 1378, 1382 (Fed. Cir.
2002) (“Rule 60(b)(6) is available only in extraordinary circumstances and only when the basis
for relief does not fall within any of the other subsections of Rule 60(b).”). Although the Court
has no doubt that the Rogeros’ circumstances have involved significant hardships and
difficulties, their arguments do not support the existence of the kind of “extraordinary
circumstances” required to obtain relief under RCFC 60(b)(6). Instead, they are seeking to
relitigate claims that the Special Master_whose decision was affirmed by both this Court and
the court of appeals_already decided lacked merit.
To the extent that the Rogeros also argue that relief is appropriate under RCFC 60(d)(3)
based on “fraud on the court,” they misapprehend the nature of this ground. Because RCFC 60
also contains a fraud-related provision at (b)(3), courts narrowly construe the “fraud on the
court” provision found at (d)(3). E Broyhill, 12 F.3d at 1085. “Fraud on the court is typically
confined to the most egregious cases, such as bribery of a judge or juror, or improper influence
exerted on the court by an attorney, in which the integrity of the court and its ability to function
impartially is directly impinged.” Gravelle v. Kaba llco Corp., _ F. App’x -, 2018 WL
6444470, at *2 (Fed. Cir. Dec. 10, 2018) (internal citation, quotations, and alterations omitted).
The Rogeros have not made any allegations sufficient to invoke this provision.
In sum, and as the Court has noted previously, the Rogeros have presented their case to
Special Master Hastings in a six-day hearing and in voluminous briefs, have requested and
received review of the Special Master’s decision in this Court, and have also had their case
reviewed_and petition for rehearing denied_by the court of appeals. Rule 60 relief is not
available as a means to relitigate claims that have already been decided; if it were, then no
decision would ever be final. Accordingly, the Rogeros’ second Rule 60 motion must be
DENIED.
III. The Rogeros Have Not Proposed Redactions
The Court’s March 4 opinion and order was issued under seal, and requested redactions
Were due from the parties by March 18, 2019. § Docket Text for Entry No. 222. Although the
Rogeros styled their Rule 60 motion as a combined motion and “Redaction Response,” the only
redactions proposed therein are alterations to the Court’s previous order, changing the language
to match the Rogeros’ precise characterizations of their claims, legal theories, and view of the
case. Because the Rogeros have not proposed redactions consistent with the provisions of
Vaccine Rule 18(b), the entire opinion and order shall be made public. § Vaccine Rule
18(b)(2).
CONCLUSION
The Clerk shall file all of the Rogeros’ recent submissions under seal on the docket for
this case.
To the extent the Rogeros have moved to Vacate or otherwise amend the Court’s March 4
opinion and order, their motion is DENIED-IN-PART. To the extent they have requested
additional pages for their Rule 60 motion, their motion is GRANTED-IN-PART. And to the
extent the Rogeros have requested the Court’s permission to file their second Rule 60 motion, the
request is DENIED as moot because the Court’s permission is not required.
For the reasons discussed above, the Rogeros’ second Rule 60 motion is DENIED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
S/ @'T\l }/{/
ELAINE D. KAPLAN
Judge